动词时态和语态典型陷阱题分析

动词时态和语态典型陷阱题分析
◆ 1. “I _____ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ____ to bring my phone book.”
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。
【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填 forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上（注意句中的转折连词 but），故第二空应填 forgot，即答案选应C.请再看一例：
— Oh, I ______ where he lives.
— Don’t you carry your address book？
No, I ______ to bring it.
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
答案选C，理由同上。
2. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _____ too busy.
A. was B. had been
C. would be D. would have been
【陷阱】容易误选B或D，认为前句用了had hoped，所以此句谓语要用B或D与之呼应。
【分析】但正确答案为A，前一句谓语用had hoped，表示的是过去未曾实现的想法或打算，可以译为“本想”，而后一句说“我太忙”，这是陈述过去的一个事实，所以要用一般过去时。请做以下类似试题（答案均为A）：
（1） We had hoped to catch the 10：20 train, but _____ it was gone.
A. found B. had found
C. would find D. would have found
（2） We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _____.
A. didn’t B. hadn’t
C. needn’t D. would not have
（3） We had wanted to come to see him, but we ____ no time.
A. had B. had had
C. would have D. would have had
（4） I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.
A. called B. had called
C. would call D. would have called
（5） The traffic accident wouldn’t have happened yesterday, but the driver _______ really careless.
A. was B. is
C. were D. had been
3. Dear me！ Just _____ at the time！ I _____ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have B. looking, had
C. look, had D. looking, have
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填 have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。
【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填 look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填 had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。
4. “Your phone number again？ I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 4331577”
A. didn’t B. couldn’t
C. don’t D. can’t
【陷阱】此题容易误选C，认为此处要用一般现在时态，表示现在“没听清对方的话”。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选A，根据上文的语境“请把你的电话号码再说一遍好吗？”可知“没听清对方的电话号码”应是在说此话以前，故应用一般过去时态。请看以下类似试题：
（1） “Mr Smith isn’t coming tonight.” “ But he _____.”
A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised
答案选B，“他答应（要来）”应发生在过去。
（2） “Hey, look where you are going！” “Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _____.”
A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing
C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice
答案选B，“我没注意”是对方提醒之前的事，现经对方一提醒，当然注意到了。
（3） “Oh it’s you！ I ________ you.” “I’ve had my hair cut.”
A. didn’t realize B. haven’t realized
C. didn’t recognize D. don’t recognized
答案选C.“没认出是你”是说此话之前的事，说此话时显然已经认出了对方。
（4） “What’s her new telephone number？” “Oh, I _____.”
A. forget B. forgot
C. had forgotten D. am forgetting
此题应选A，从语境上看，“忘记”的时间应是现在，即指现在不记得了。
（5） “Since you’ve agreed to go, why aren’t you getting ready？” “But I ______ that you would have me start at once.”
A. don’t realize B. didn’t realize
C. hadn’t realized D. haven’t realized
答案选B.“没意识到”是对方提醒之前的事。
（6） “It’s twelve o’clock, I think I must be off now.” “Oh, really？ I ______ it at all.”
A. don’t realize B. haven’t realized
C. didn’t realize D. hadn’t realized
答案选C.“没意识到”是在听到的话之前的事。
5. Mr Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
【陷阱】容易误选B或C.
【分析】此题应选D，这是由 but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受 last year的影响而误选B.但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。
6. He has changed a lot. He _______ not what he _______.
A. is, is B. was, was
C. is, was D. was, is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填 was（其实第二空也可用 used to be）。请看类例：
“What place is it？” “Haven’t you found out we _____ back where we ______？”
A. were, had been B. have been, are
C. are, were D. are, had been
答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。
7. He is very busy. I don’t know if he _____ or not tomorrow.
A. come B. comes
C. will come D. is coming
【陷阱】此题容易误选B.认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。
【分析】其实，此题答案应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句（即if≠如果），而是宾语从句（即if＝是否），句意为“他很忙，我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：
（1） I don’t know if she _____, but if she ____ I will let you know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。
（2） “When _____ he come？” “I don’t know, but when he _____, I’ll tell you.”
A. does, comes B. will, will come
C. does, will come D. will, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。
（3） “When he _____ is not known yet.” “But when he ____, he will be warmly welcomed.”
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。
8. The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from B. was dated from
C. dates from D. dated from
【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了 1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为 date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D.
【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为 date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”（＝have existed since），它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态（尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间）。如：
The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。
The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。
但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：
The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。
注：与 date from 同义的 date back to 也有类似用法。
9. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _____ and turn it off.”
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone
C. I go D. I’m going
【陷阱】容易误选D.
【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和 be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用 will.比较：
“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。”“没关系，我借给你。”（句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应）
I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m going to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。（句中用 be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机）


◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _____ his mother.
A. will lose B. is losing
C. had lost D. has lost
2. It’s good that we _____ to the park because it’s started to rain.
A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone
C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going
3. I _____ for five minutes； why don’t they come？
A. am calling B. called
C. was calling D. have been calling
4. You _____ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
A. will miss B. have missed
C. are missing D. had missed
5. We _____ to move but are still considering where to go to.
A. are deciding B. decided
C. have decided D. had decided
6. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone； who _____ it？
A. took B. has taken
C. will take D. had taken
7. They won’t buy any new clothes because they _____ money to buy a new car.
A. save B. were saving
C. have saved D. are saving
8. I _____ your last point — could you say it again？
A. didn’t quite catch B. don’t quite catch
C. hadn’t quite catch D. can’t quite catch
9. You’ll never guess who I met today — my old teacher！ We _____ for 20 years.
A. don’t meet B. haven’t met
C. hadn’t met D. couldn’t meet
10. I feel sure I _____ her before somewhere.
A. was to meet B. have met
C. had met D. would meet
11. They haven’t arrived yet but we _____ them at any moment.
A. are expected B. have expected
C. are expecting D. will expect
12. I think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre； I’m sure he _____ abroad all week.
A. is B. was
C. has been D. had been
13. The students _______ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _______ in the office.
A. had written, left　 B. were writing, has left
C. had written, had left　 D. were writing, had left
14. I tried to phone her, but even as I _____ she was leaving the building.
A. phoned B. would phone
C. had phoned D. was phoning
15. “I suppose you _____ that report yet？” “I finished it yesterday, as a matter of fact.”
A. didn’t finish B. haven’t finished
C. hadn’t finished D. wasn’t finishing
16. —Didn’t the guard see him breaking into the bank？
—No, he _______ in the other direction.
A. was looking B. had looked
C. looked D. is looking
17. How can you possibly miss the news？ It _______ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been
C. was D. will be
18. “I thought you might have got drunk.” “Yes, I ______.”
A. almost have B. almost had
C. almost did D. might have
19. You ______ television. Why not do something more active？
A. always watch B. are always watching
C. have always watched D. have always been watching
20. “I took part in the TOEFL. It was really hard.” “Did you ______ a lot？”
A. Have you studied B. Did you study
C. Had you studied D. Do you study
21. “What’s your opinion on the matter, please？” “Oh, sorry, I _______.”
A. wasn’t to listen B. haven’t listened
C. wasn’t listening D. hadn’t listened
22. “Aha, you’re a chain smoker！” “Only at home. Nobody _______ that but you.”
A. discovered B. had discovered
C. discovers D. is discovering
23. The telephone _______ three times in the last hour, and each time it ________ for my father.
A. had rang； was B. has rung； was
C. rang； has been D. has been ringing； is
24. The thief tried to break away from the policeman who ______ him, but failed.
A. has held B. had held
C. was holding D. would hold
25. When I arrived at the company, the manager ______, so we had only time for a few words.
A. just went away B. had gone away
C. was just going away D. has just gone away
26. “John took a photograph of you just now.” “Oh, really？ I ______.”
A. didn’t know B. wasn’t knowing
C. don’t know D. haven’t known
27. “Mike is not coming to the football game this afternoon.” “It’s a shame！ He _______！”
A. promises B. promised
C. will promise D. had promised
28. Please call again. Jim _______ a bath just now.
A. has had B. was having
C. is having D. has
29. “Was Andrew there when you arrived？” “Yes, but he ______ home soon afterwards.”
A. had gone B. has gone
C. is going D. went
30. “Where is Mother.” “She is in the kitchen. She _______ the housework all morning.”
A. is doing B. was doing
C. has done D. has been doing
31. The books, ________ the dictionaries, must be put back where they ________.
A. included； were B. to include； are
C. including； were D. including； are


◆答案与解析◆
1. 选D.根据那个小男孩徘徊的现象，推知他可能是找不到妈妈了。用现在完成时表示结果。
2. 选C.句意为“好在我们（刚才）没有去公园，因为天（现在）已经开始下雨了”。
3. 选D.用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。
4. 选B，用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是：你只能等。
5. 选C.用现在完成时表示影响。
6. 选B.用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。
7. 选D.用现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
8. 选A.从下文的语境看，既然现在叫对方重复一遍，说明“没听清对方的最后一点”应发生在过去（即说此话之前）。
9. 选B.用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间。
10. 选B.before 用作副词时不与具体时间连用，泛指“以前”，通常与一般过去时或现在完成时连用。
11. 选C.用现在进行时表示目前的一种状态。
12. 选C.用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即他整个星期都在国外，所以你说你在剧院见过他，你一定是搞错了。
13. 选D.“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于……”这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
14. 选D.注意even as 的意思，它表示“正当……的时候”或“恰当……的时候”。
15. 选B.注意下文语境——事实上，我昨天就做完了。从该回答的语气上推测，填空 ( http: / / www.5ykj.com / shti / )处应填现在完成时态。
16. 选A.表示当时正在进行的动作。
17. 选A.表示目前一种持续的状态。
18. 选C.句中的 might have got drunk是对过去情况的推测，故答句所指的情况也应在过去，故选C.
19. 选B.always 与进行时态连用，可以表示高兴、满意、抱怨、厌恶等感彩。
20. 选C.根据took的时态可知，“参加托福考试”发生在过去；而对方问“是否努力学习过？”这肯定问的是参加考试以前的事，故用过去完成时。
21. 选C.“没听”肯定是刚才的事，所以应用过去时态。
22. 选C.答句陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时态。
23. 选B.按英语语法，“in the last [past]+一段时间”通常与现在完成时连用。
24. 选C.用过去进行时表示当时在持续的一种状态。
25. 选C.由于下文说we had only time for a few words，说明“经理”正准备离开。
26. 选A.“不知道”是对方告诉自己之前的事，故用一般过去时。
27. 选B.根据语境，他“答应”发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
28. 选C.just now 有两个意思：一是表示“刚才”，此时just now 为习语；二是表示“现在”、“眼前”、“就在此时”，此时 just 意为“正好”、“恰好”，用以修饰副词now.根据句子语境，句中的 just now 应取上面的第二个意思。
29. 选D.Andrew“回家”发生在你见到他（发生在过去）之后不久。
30. 选 D.现在完成进行时表示从过去至今一直在持续的动作。
31. 选 C.第一空including不填 included，因为其后带有宾语；第二填 were，是因为它是指“原来放的地方”。
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