课件16张PPT。 Unit 1 Grammar
The Past Participle as the Attribute & Predicative
He is humorous.
(Predicative表语)
He is a humorous boy. (Attribute 定语) Please look at the sentences carefully. Pick out the attributes& predicative of the sentences, explain why you divide them into these groups.
1) I was angry with him for keeping me waiting so long.
2) She is a beautiful young lady.
3) He got worried about losing the money.
4) Sally was so excited at the good news.
5) So many thousands of terrified people died. P 5, Ex 31. blamed
2. tired
3. disappointed
4. shocked
5. excited
6. infected过去分词作表语和定语三要素 过去分词作表语和定语是非谓语动词重要内容之一，也是高考重要考点，学习时应注意下列几点：
一、理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点：过去分词作表语和定语常常表示被动的和完成的动作。
The polluted river gives off a terrible smell.
典型考例：
1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
析： D。此处并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作，因此应填过去分词known作定语。
2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.having written B.to be written
C.being written D. written 析： D。第一批课本是被写的，所以应填过去分词written作定语，表示完成的、被动的动作。
注意:有些过去分词(词组)因来自系表结构而不含被动色彩，如dressed like, dressed in, satisfied with, devoted to, tired of, born in, seated, pleased with, interested in, surprised at, prepared for, lost /absorbed in等。例如：
Do you know the man seated on that stone?
Don't you know the girl dressed in a red skirt ?
典型考例：
1. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
析:C. remain seated 为系表结构，不具有被动色彩
注意:一些表示情绪、情感的过去分词作表语和定语时也不具备被动色彩。例如：
The excited people finally cooled down.
激动的人们终于冷静了下来。
典型考例：
2. -I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
- Mm. It does have a ________ smell.
A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 析： D。第一空应填pleased，表满意的情绪；第二空应填pleasant，表令人愉快的。
二、掌握过去分词作表语和定语的创新形式
1. get done也可构成被动语态，相当于be done。例如：
His right hand got burnt in that big fire.
She got murdered last year.
2. 过去分词作非限制性定语。
过去分词可作非限制性定语，因其不属于被修饰名词不可缺少的定语，前面常有逗号与被修饰名词隔开。
典型考例：
1. Mr. Smith, ________ of the ________ speech, started to read a novel. A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring; boring
析： A。第一空应填tired，来源于系表结构be tired of；第二空表令人感到枯燥的，应填现在分词boring。
2. The Olympic Games,________ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing
析： C。分析语境逻辑不难发现，该空表“公元前776年第一次被举行”，应填过去分词first played作非限制性定语
三、 弄清过去分词作表语和定语的位置
1. 单个过去分词要前置；
2. 过去分词短语要后置，此时可与定语从句互相转换；
3. 单个过去分词前加一个副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来，构成一个复合形容词，放在名词前作定语，如：a well-known doctor, a newly-built bridge
4. 过去分词作表语时，应放在连系动词后面，但有时过去分词和连系动词之间有副词隔开。例如：
This is the wounded soldier .
This is the soldier wounded in the battle.
English is widely used all over the world.
典型考例：
1. Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
析： A。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表“被邀请”，所以应用过去分词短语invited to the party作后置定语。
2. Prices of daily goods ________ through a computer
can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
析： B。分析语境逻辑可知，该空表"通过电脑购买"，goods与buy之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词短语bought through a computer作后置定语。
过去分词作表语和定语练与析：
1. I don't know the girl ________ in the snow storm.
A.to catch B.caught
C.catching D.to be catching
2. The girl ________ down by a car was dying.
knock B. knocking
C. knocked D. to knock
3. The foreign guests, ________ by some artists, came out of the hall.
A. following B. to follow
C. followed D. to be followed
BCC4. This is the problem ________ so quickly last evening.
A. having been settled B. settle
C. be settled D. settled
5. There was an ________ look on his face when the actress appeared.
A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement
6. The children ________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.
A. to examine B. examined
C. examine D. examining DAB7. He was disappointed at his suggestions ________ by them yesterday.
A. been turned down B. turned down
C. to be turned down D. to turn down
8. This is the package ________ last night.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed
9. Island is a small piece of land ________ by water.
A. surrounded B. surrounding
C. to be surrounded D. being surrounded BDA10. The managers will again discuss the plan ________ last week.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
11. After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ in the mud.
A. catch B. catching
C. Caught D. being caught
12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .
A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed ACC13. When I went in, they were ________ in a heated discussion.
A. absorb B. absorbed
C. absorbing D. being absorbed
14. The thief seems ________ in that cave. Let's go and see.
A. hidden B. hide C. hiding D. to hide BA课件25张PPT。1.作定语2.作表语4.作状语3.作宾补过去分词单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的
前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰
词的后面。English is a widely used language.This is one of the schools built in 1980s.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语A ①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。
②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。
③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。
first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C. did not include
women players until 1912.Do you know the name of the play___ in the hall now?
A. to be put on B. being put on
C. put on D. putting on CBAA4. Please don’t forget him. He is one of _______.
A. those invited B. invited those
C. those inviting D. inviting those3. I borrowed a book ______ by Mark Twain from
the library last week. I like it very much.
A. written B. writing
C. was written D. to write1. Did you attend the meeting ______yesterday?
A. to be held B. having been held
C. held D. being held过去分词作表语1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示
动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为
动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。① The glass is broken.
The glass was broken by Tom.② The windows are closed.
The windows are closed by Jack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,
surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去
分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用
作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动
意味。① How did the audience receive the new play?
They got very excited.③ She was very disappointed to hear the result.④ He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners. ② How did Bob do in the exams this time?
Well, his father seems pleased with his results.过去分词作表语C该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________by the hour.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
2. As soon as he entered the city, he ____.
A. was losing B. got losing
C. grew lost D. got lost
CDC3. What he has done is really ____.Now his parents
are _____ him.
A. disappointing; disappointed at
B. disappointing; disappointed about
C. disappointing; disappointed with
D. disappointed; disappointing by 1. The rooms are ____, so you can’t move in.
A. painted B. painting
C. being painted D. to be painted过去分词作宾补1.从时间上：表动作已经完成。
come, go, fall, change(表位移,变化的不及物动词)
I found the countryside changed a lot.
2.从语态上:表被动.
I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.过去分词做宾补 Every great culture in the past had
its own ideas of beauty expressed in
art and architecture.
_____
谓语______________________________
宾语——————
宾补1.用于have,make,get 等使役动词之后。I had my hair cut yesterday.
2. The old man had one leg lost in the war.
3. I raised my voice to make myself heard.
4. They tried to make themselves understood
by the foreigners.
过去分词作宾补1.表“希望，要求”的动词：
want, wish, expect, wish, like, order
+ (to be) doneI want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.2.表“感觉，心理状态”的动词：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think
+ object + p.p.We saw the thief caught by the police.
People found the water polluted.
make, get, have, keep 3.使役动词I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.
= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.
= I want to let the barber cut my hair.4.介词短语作宾补with, without + n. + p.p.Do you know the man with his hands tied back?They left without a dish touched.The murderer was brought in , with his
hands _____ behinds his back .
A .being tied B .having tied
C .to be tied D .tiedD过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。a、表示时间Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.
When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.b、表示条件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain
fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.c、表示原因d、表示伴随情况e、表示让步Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved, the children began to cry.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to
let out the secret.过去分词1.作状语C1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是主句主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought 按句子提供的语境可用结构B.用V-ed改写句子:
1. I was frightened by the loud noise. I went to see what was happening.Frightened by the loud noise, I went to see what was happening.2. He was hit by the lack of fresh air. He got a bad headache.Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache.3. I felt very tired after the long journey. I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.Tired after the long journey, I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.4. The little girl was frightened by the noise outside. The little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom. Frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom. 5. The museum was built in 1910. The museum is almost 100 years old.Built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old.6.The student was given some advice by the famous scientist. The student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.Given some advice by the famous scientist, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.1.________ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not receivedC2. Before _____, the machine must be checked.
being used B. using it
C. being used to D. using A3. ____ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ them light.
A. Giving; given B. Given; given C. Giving; giving D. Given; givingD4. Unless ___ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invitedA5. ___ from heart trouble for years, professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered B. Suffering
C. Having suffered D. being sufferedC6. ___ many times, the problems were settled at last.
A. Discussing B. Being discussed D. After discussing D. DiscussedD7. Generally speaking, ___according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be takenB8. ___ in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.
A To lose B. Losing
C. Lost D. Having lostC9. ___ in white, she looks much more beautiful.
Wearing B. Dressing
C. Dressed D. Having dressedC10. ___, the old man is living a happy life.
Taking good care B. Taken good care
C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of D11. The old man walked in the street, ____.
followed by his son B. followed his son
C. and following his son D. and followed by his sonA12. His glasses ___, he couldn't see the words on the blackboard.
A. break B. broke
C. breaking D. broken D13. With trees, flowers and grass ___ everywhere, my native town has taken on a new look.
A. planting B. planted
C. to plant D. to be plantedB14. The key ___, I could’t enter the office.
losing B. being lost
C. to lose D. lostDThank you very much!
Goodbye!课件7张PPT。Homework one: summary on page3Homework twoPage4: severe, suspected, exposed, experts,
cure, foresaw, concluded, announced, attended.Homework threeTranslate the following sentences:
1.不要把皮肤直接暴露在阳光下.(expose)
2. 他们提了很多建议.put forward)
3.这条丝绸之路在古代把中国和西方连接起来.(link…. to…)
4.根据上面所说的,我们可以得出结论.(draw a conclusion)1.Don’t expose your skin to the sunlight directly.
2.They put forward many suggestions.
3.The silk Road linked China to the west in ancient times.
4.From what is said above, we can draw a conclusion.Homework fourGrammar practice:Homework fivecomposition on English weekly:Homework sixEnglish weekly课件21张PPT。Language
points
1. put forward
提出一个新的理论
put forward a new theory
put on 穿上;戴上
put out 熄灭(灯);扑灭 (火)
put up with… 忍受……
put down 写下来;放下
put off 耽误;延期
put up 建立; 建造 expose
⑴ expose sth. to the light of day
把某事暴露于光天化日之下
⑵ I threatened to expose him
( to the police).
我威胁要(向警察)揭发他.
⑶ He exposed his skin to the sun.
他把皮肤暴露在阳光下.
⑷ The old man was left exposed to wind and rain.
这个老人家暴露在风雨中。
3. attend
及物动词 vt. 1). 出席,参加 He did not attend the meeting yesterday. 昨天他没有参加会议。
2). 上(大学等),前往 The school was attended almost entirely
by local children. 上这个学校读书的几乎全是当地的孩子。
3). 照料;护理;侍候 There was no one to attend him but Tina. 除了蒂娜,再无人照顾他了。 不及物动词 vi. 1. 出席,参加[(+at)]
2. 照料,处理[(+to)] I'll attend to the matter. 我来处理此事。
3. 护理;侍候[(+on/upon)]
4. 注意,倾听;致力(于)[(+to)] She didn't attend to what
I was saying. 她并不注意听我所说的话。 4.Cause n. 1). 原因;起因[C][U][(+of)] What was the cause of the accident? 造成这一事故的原因是什么?
2). 理由,根据;动机[U][(+for)][+to-v] You have no cause to complain. 你没有理由抱怨。
3). 目标,理想,事业[C] World peace is a cause we should
all work for. 争取世界和平是一项我们都应该为之而努力的事业。
4). 【律】(诉讼)原因,理由;诉讼[C]及物动词 vt. 导致,使发生,引起
What caused him to quit his job? 是什么原因使他辞职的? I'm afraid I'm causing you
much trouble. 我怕给你增添很多麻烦。
5. absorb
Paper that absorbs ink is called blotting paper（吸墨纸）.
The virus is absorbed into people’s body with their meals.
I was so absorbed in a book that I didn’t hear you call. 6. suspect vt. 1). 疑有,察觉 The tiger suspected
danger and ran away. 老虎意识到危险便逃跑了。
2). 怀疑,不信任 We suspected their honesty. 我们不相信他们是诚实的。
3). 怀疑(某人犯有过错)[+of] The police suspected that Bill did it. 警察怀疑那件事是比尔干的。
4). 猜想;料想 I suspect they'll come. 1) blame sb. / sth. for…
eg: It’s not fair to blame me. It’s not
my fault.
They blamed the secretary for the
delay of the plan.7.blame2) be to blame
eg. The driver was not to blame for the traffic accident.
3)take the blame
eg. He is ready to take the blame for what had happened.#. in addition (to)
In addition, the course also provides practical experience.
In addition to a diet, she pursues various exercises on TV.
连接两部分主语时，谓语动词与前一部分主语保持一致（同as well as）
The teacher in addition to two students _______ at the meeting.was #. apart from
除了英语外，你还学了什么？
What do you learn apart from English?
Apart from being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.
Homework checking (P42, Ex 1) Educated people in the 21st century may find it hard to believe that 200 years ago people didn’t ___ illness ___ problems in the environment. We all know that in London drinking _______ water caused many deaths from cholera. There was a _____ to its cause because it always started in the poor _____________. Then it spread to the richer areas as the servants passed it on. Many doctors ________ that
linktopollutedclueneighbourhoodsuspected polluted water was to _____ and clean water was the ____. John Snow’s investigation proved that the dirtier the water, the more ______ the illness. So the government and the doctor _______________ that water must be purified. They _______ people to remove ______ from pumps if the water was infected. Thus cholera was _______ in the end.blamecureseveredrew the conclusioninstructedhandlesdefeated下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并改正。
1. At least 300 employing workers got involved in the strike.
2. I wrote suggesting that he came for the weekend.
3. Neither I nor my wife understand what little Tracy is saying now.
4. He is too fat that he couldn’t get through the door.
5. The next five months will examine your powers of leadership.employedcomeunderstandssotest根据括号内的提示将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 如果有人该承担责任, 那就是我. (blame)
2. 不要把皮肤直接暴露在阳光下. (expose ... to)If anyone’s to blame, it’s me.Don’t expose your skin to sunlight directly.3. 黑色墙壁在白天吸收大量的热. (absorb)
4. 此外, 你还可以利用业余时间学一门外语. (in addition)Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.In addition, you can learn a foreign language in your spare time.5. 这条丝绸之路在古代把中国和西方连接起来. (link ... to)
6. 这种疾病就是通过咳嗽传播的. (spread ... through)The Silk Road linked China to the west in ancient times.The disease is spread through coughing.7. 他看到他父亲时很吃惊。(过去分词作表语)
8. 我每天早上吃一个煎鸡蛋。(过去分词作定语)
He was astonished to see his father.I have a fried egg every morning.9. 我们决定马上离开。(determine to)
10. 我无意暗示你错了。(suggest)I don’t wish to suggest that you’re wrong.We determined to leave at once.课件33张PPT。Extensive ReadingMatch the people with their achievementDa Vinci Don Quixote
Galileo Hamlet
Cervantes Free Fall
Experiment
Shakespeare Mona LisaCopernicus哥白尼(Nicolaus Copernicus, 1473-1543), 波兰天文学家、日心说创立者, 近代天文学的奠基人。 哥白尼经过长期的天文观测和研究, 创立了更为科学的宇宙结构体系——日心说, 从此否定了在西方统治达一千多年的地心说。日心说经历了艰苦的斗争后,才为人们所接受,这是天文学上一次伟大的革命,不仅引起了人类宇宙观的重大革新,而且从根本上动摇了欧洲中世纪宗教神学的理论支柱。“从此自然科学便开始从神学中解放出来”,“科学的发展从此便大踏步前进”（恩格斯《自然辩证法》）。 哥白尼著有阐述日心说的《天体运行论》(1543年出版),由于受到时代的局限,在日心说中保留了所谓“完美的”圆形轨道等论点。其后开普勒建立行星运动三定律,牛顿发现万有引力定律，以及行星光行差、视差相继发现,日心说遂建立在更加稳固的科学基础上。 We know the first scientist is Copernicus. He was one of the first scientists to use mathematical observations to collect information. He believed the sun is the center of the universe and the earth and other planets went around it. The chart on P.7 shows his theory.Pre-readingBirth: February 19, 1473
Death: May 24, 1543
Place of Birth: Toruń, Poland
Career:
1491-1494 Studied mathematics at Kraków Academy
1496 Went to Italy to study astronomy and law at the University of Bologna Nicolas Copernicus1497 Began observations of the Sun,
Moon, and planets
1514 Wrote Commentariolus, an outline
of his astronomical ideas, but did not
circulate it widely
1543 Published De Revolutionibus
Orbium Coelestium (On the Revolutions
of the Celestial) At Copernicus’ time, Christian Church
was in charge of many western
countries.TRead through the passage, and tell
whether the following statements are
true or false. 3. Copernicus didn’t show his new theory
to his friends until he completed it.
4. His friends were not interested in his
ideas.TF2. Copernicus noticed that observed from the earth, some planets appears in front of or behind the earth.F5. Since he was not afraid of being attacked by the Church, Copernicus published his book as soon as he finished working on it.
6. Newton, Einstein, and Hawking are all scientists who made contribution to the study of the universe. FTRead carefully and try to draw the two theories of the universe.A diagram showing the solar system with the Earth at its centreA diagram showing the solar system with the Sun at its centre Analyze the following picture carefully and try to explain how a loop is formed. 1).Mao Zedong is the great leader of the Chinese R_________.evolutionLanguage points1. Fill in the blankets with proper words.2). The Invention of the computer caused a r________ in our way of living.evolution3). Sun Zhongsan is a great r___________ leader.
4).Yuan Longping created a r___________ new way of growing rice.evolutionaryevolutionary2. lead to: to result in 导致
Your carelessness will lead to the
trouble in the future.cigarette deathaccident lossmistake resignscandal firelead to1). to have a clear meaning No matter how I tried to read it, the sentence didn't make sense. It makes sense to take care of your health.2). to be wise course of action3. make sense4. complete; compete
a. They found themselves __________ with foreign companies for a share of the market.
b. The building took two and a half years to ________.competingcomplete5. spinspunspin a topa spinning coina spinning wheelspunspinningWe span the coin to see who would
have first turn.
I spun around to see who had spoken.6. enthusiastic: be interested in
She’s very singing____________
__________
We explain our plan, and he is very___________.enthusiasticabout/overenthusiasticenthusiastic enthusiasm enthusiastically She shows boundless __________ for the work.
She greeted him _____________ with a kiss.
She is very __________ about Eastern music.enthusiasmenthusiasticallyenthusiastic7. cautious: careful to avoid risk
be cautious about/of sb./sth.cautiouslyThe guard warned me to be cautious about strangers.The bank is very cautious about lending money.My father is a very cautious driver.银行在贷款方面十分慎重。警卫告戒我要当心陌生人。我的爸爸是一位非常谨慎的司机。cautious; curious
a. I’ve always been very _______ about giving my address to strangers.
b. He is very _______ about the origin of mankind.cautiouscurious8. If you don’t like Tom, you may r_____ his gift.
If you don’t think the suggestion is suitable for you, you may r____ it.ejectejectrejectan offer
a possibility
a theoryrefuse to acceptrejectedcandidate
applicant 请选用方框内所给词的适当形式填空。
Tom dreamed of joining the army when he was very young. He was very _______ and made a plan to study hard. He was __________ about the plan. But when he was about 16, he got a bad illness. Because of this, he was ________ in his studies and also he was _______ by the army. backward; complete;
enthusiastic; cautious; rejectcautiousenthusiasticbackwardrejectedHe was so sad that he almost fainted at the news. His parents suggested to him that he have other choices. Then he followed his parents’ advice and decided to go to the west to help those poor students after he__________ his studies in the college.backward; complete;
enthusiastic; cautious; rejectcompleted用适当的介词填空。
1. The quarrel led __ the fighting between the two villagers.
2. He is always positive _____ trying new ideas.
3. His father is very strict ____ him and strict __ his studies too.toaboutwithin课件45张PPT。
Unit 1 Great ScientistsWho are they?Marie Curie Einstein Zu Chongzhi Charles Darwin Newton Archimedes Stephen Hawking Zhang Heng Who is your favourite scientist?Why? What do you know about great scientists? Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most. Warming up1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?Archimedes
(287-212 BC)
an ancient Greek
mathematician & physicist2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?Charles Darwin (1808-1882)
British author of The Origin of Species 3.Who invented the first steam engine?Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways. 4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?Gregor Mendel
(1822-1884) Czech (捷克人)5.Who discovered radium?Marie Curie (1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes)6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?Thomas Edison (1847-1931) an American inventorThomas EdisonThe Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留声机LightbulbMotion Pictures7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Last SupperMona LisaLeonardo da Vinci
(1452-1519) Italian artist8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?Sir Humphry Davy
(1778-1829) BritishMiniature Miner's Safety Lamp 9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?Zhang Heng
(78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph10.Who put forward a theory about black holes?Stephen Hawking
(1942--) a British astronomerPre-readingDiscuss and answer the following questions.
1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?
Discuss in small groups the stages in examining a new scientific idea. What order would you put them in?
Draw a conclusion Find a problem
Think of a method Analyse the results
Collect results Find supporting evidence
Make a question 12345672. What do you know about infectious diseases? What do you know about cholera?It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.Let’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage:
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”Who defeats “King Cholera“?
What happened in 1854?
How many people died in 10 days?
Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street?
John SnowCholera outbreak hit London.500These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump.Task 1:Skim and ScanTask 2: Ex1 on page 3__ John Snow began to test two theories.
__ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
__ John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
__ He announced that the water carried the disease.
__ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
__King Cholera was defeated.
__ he found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
__ He had the handle removed from the water pump.21473856Task 3: Discuss and answer1. Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?
2. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Why?
3. Which theory did John Snow believe in? How did he finally prove it?1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first?
2. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Why?
Neither its cause, not its cure was understood.Three disease, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS and bird flu, because they are serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.3. Which theory did John Snow believe in? How did he finally prove it?
A. gathering information with the help of a map
B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street
C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t
D. both A and BPeople absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.John Snow defeats “King Cholera”I. Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.Many people died of cholera.John Snow tried to find out its _____and ____ People drank water from the pump in______Street.Most died.causecureBroadFamilies were given free beer in the pub at__________Street.People removed the ______from the water pump.People had no ________ The disease ___________Cambridgedeathshandleslowed down_______ water carried the disease.Theory 2 that people ________the disease with their meals proved right. And theory 1 was wrong.________ the source of all the water supplies.PollutedabsorbedExamineII. True (T) or false (F):1. Cholera would never be controlled even if its cause was found.
2. The disease attacked the body quickly from the stomach and soon the affected person died.
3. John Snow began to collect the information before the disease spread. F T F 4. In two particular streets, 500 people died in 10 days when another outbreak hit London in 1854.
5. Deaths of the woman and her daughter were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
6. Only ordinary people died when cholera broke out. F T F Write a short summary of the passage by filling in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ London, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and the water companies were _________ not to _____ people to ______ water any more. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.doctor19thcausedefeathitmarkedpumpsourceexaminedinstructedexposepollutedRetell the passage according to below:
John Snow was a well-known ____ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ____ out, he began to gather information. He _____ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.Language
pointsUseful words and phrases:提出理论
了解
照顾
感到振奋
暴露；受到风险
解决问题
对……感兴趣
一股危险的气体
吸入
收集信息
put forward a theoryknow aboutattend (to)become inspired expose… to…solve the problembecome interested ina cloud of dangerous gasabsorb … intogather information11. 决心
12. 深入调查
13. 该受责备
14. 调查水源
15. 拆掉水泵的把手
16. 缓解；放慢速度
17. 与……有关联
18. 死于霍乱
19. 肯定地宣布
20. 防止be determined tomake further investigationbe to blamelook into the source of the waterremove the handle from the pumpslow downbe linked todie of choleraannounce with certaintyprevent… from…Sentence
StructuresSo many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，就有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。
每次见到他，我总会想起我们之间发生的事。
*Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.
表示时间的名词短语、连词、副词都可以连接时间状语从句。
我一看到他，就会把信给他。
*I will give the letter to him as soon as / the moment / immediately / directly / instantly I see him.
2. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air.
The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies (should) be examined.
suggest: 暗示，间接表明；建议
建议某人做某事：suggest to sb. sth.
suggest sb. doing sth.
suggest (that) sb. (should) do sth. *She suggested that her father
(should)give up smoking.
她建议她父亲戒烟。
*The smile on her face suggested
that she agreed with me.
她脸上的微笑表明她同意了我。
他建议我们参观长城。
He suggested to us a visit to the Great Wall.
He suggested us visiting the Great Wall.
He suggested that we (should) visit the Great Wall.
Translation:
他建议我买一台电脑。（造两个句子）
我一看到她就马上认出了她。(the moment)
他该为这次事故负责任。(blame for)
2. Do the Exx1-3 on page 4.Homework SUMMARYIn the times of Queen Victoria, so called “King Cholera” hit Londoners, which often _____ large numbers of______. Thanks to John Snow, a well known______, this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought ______ most important was to find its ______. So he began to gather the information, for which he made a map, on which he marked ______ the ____ had lived. As a result, he found out that the _______ water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies ___________ immediately. Finally “King Cholera”____________ .
resulted indeathsdoctorthecausewherevictimspollutedbe examinedwas defeatedEx1 on page4victim
physician
analyse
defeat
challenge
enquiry
pump
blame
absorb
link…toEx2 on page 4severe
suspected
exposed
experts
cure
foresaw
concluded
announced
attendedEx3 on page4make a suggestion = to suggest
make a plan = to plan
make a speech = to speak
make a change = to change
make an investigation = to investigate
make a decision = to decide
make a contribution = to contribute
make a noise = to by noisy
make a description = to describe
