Unit 1 Friendship Grammar 直接引语和间接引语

课件25张PPT。Grammar直接引语和间接引语Direct and Indirect SpeechGrammar: Direct and Indirect Speech (1)转述他人的陈述→陈述句→ She asked me what I was doing.1) He said , “I’m going to Beijing.”→ He said that he was going to Beijing.2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?”→ He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.3) She said , “What are you doing?”2. 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3. 转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句 直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”
He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.
He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ”
He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 陈述句
用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that 陈述句:“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friendsthat saiddidn’tsheSarah said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.Sarah一般疑问句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”
He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”
He asked whether I was interested in English. 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序 一般疑问句:
Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?
( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.特殊疑问句 He said to me，“What's your name?”
He asked me what my name was.
He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”
He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 特殊疑问句：
When do you harvest the wheat ?
( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.选择疑问句 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or… 5. 注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化2. 注意人称变化。3. 注意指示代词的变化4. 注意时间的变化6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化When you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, you sometimes need to change the verb tense. You may also need to change pronouns , time in order to keep the same meaning.Direct indirect
现在时态 过去时态
过去时态 过去完成时态
现在完成时态 过去完成时态
过去完成时态 过去完成时态 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 时 间 状 语 地点状语 方向性动词 this, that, these those
now, then, today that day
this week that week yesterday the day before
last week the week before
four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day
next month the next month
here there
come, go,bring take Anne said that she didn’t know the address of her new home.
Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.
The girl said that she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly.
Her father asked her why she chose her diary and old letters.Answer keys to exercise 2 on page 5“Are you very hot with so many clothes on ?” Mother asked.
“What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her.
“When shall we go back home ?” Ann asked her father.
“Why did you talk so much to that boy ?” Father asked Anne.1. Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looks…today B. you look…today C. we looked…that day D. I looked…that day2.We told her that they ___ through the street ___. A. were walking…then B. are walking…now C . were walking…then D. walking…now 3. Mr Black said that he __ a long way __.
A. had walked…last week B. had walked…that week C. walked…last week D. has walked…this week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”
The man thought that __ take it back the next day. A. I shall B. I shall
C. he should D. he would5. They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house. A. that were we…this B. that we were…that C. if were we …this D. if we were…that6. Jane asked ____ about _____. A. that he heard…a week ago B. what he had heard…the week before C. what he had herd… a week ago D. if he heard…the week ago7. She asked whose house ____ break into _____. A. will he…next time B. would he…the next time C. he would…the next time D. he will…next time 8. Jack asked her where ____ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your9. Black asked me why ____ yet. A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here 10. The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. if…rise B. if…rises C. whether…rose D. whether did …rise