2010届高考英语备考建议
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| 名称 | 2010届高考英语备考建议 |  | |
| 格式 | rar | ||
| 文件大小 | 443.3KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2009-09-18 21:17:00 | ||
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文档简介
课件73张PPT。2010届高考英语备考建议研读考试大纲,
提高备考针对性
强化三个意识,
向高分冲刺
倒计时三阶段,
最后压缩整理明确《考试大纲》重要性,
迎接最后挑战!
领悟命题指导思想,
提高应考实效!!
破解《考试大纲》关键信息,
冲刺理想高分!!!明确《考试大纲》重要性1、高考命题的重要依据；
2、明确考试原则和要求：
通过题型示例了解考查的知识和能力，了解整个试卷和不同题目基本的难易程度；
3、明确复习的范围，减少盲目性；
4、《大纲》以考试机构文件的方式公布考试的基本原则和范围，增加考试的透明度，有利于确保考试的“公平、公正”。试卷设计和试题命制的指导思想：为了“有利于中学素质教育的推进；有利于高校选拔人才”，高考英语科的命题指导思想应该是“稳定中求发展”，在稳定命题原则、题型结构、考查要求、试卷难度等的基础上，有所发展、有所创新。领悟教育部考试中心命题指导思想语言知识试题命制三项原则：
1)保证知识覆盖面要广
包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题五个项目。语言知识是语言整体素质的有机组成部分，是发展语言技能的基础。考查范围不超出教学大纲要求，覆盖面尽可能宽，保证试题的一定效度。1、命题原则应保持一致 单项填空试题分布特点
面: 非谓语动词、时态、被动语态、情态动词、形容词、代词、限定词、强调句、习惯表达方式等。
点：主干知识动词为考查重点。该项15小题中，其中8个左右考查动词，包括动词时态（2）、非谓语动词（2）、情态动词（1）、被动语态（1）和动词（2）的辩义。
2)尽可能增加综合性的因素
为了保证题量和覆盖面，语言知识题一般以单项形式为主，但应该尽量避免全部采用单项形式，应该采用一些综合题，如完形填空题。即使是单项形式的试题也应该努力加进一些兼考词汇和语法的因素。3)尽可能增加语境化的因素
高考英语试卷的语言知识题在可能的情况下，应尽量加入一些语境化的因素。如，完形填空和短文改错题本身就是有上下文的语篇。具体命题时，要尽可能多问需要联系上下文考虑才能得出答案的问题。如果虽有上下文，但可以在句子范围内找出答案，就失去语境的意义了。（05全国卷）
The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste
like anything I ______before.
(have ever had )
（04全国II卷）
My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so
I ‘m afraid I _____half of it. (missed)
--I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
--____.We’re too busy. (Forget it(21%)Don’t mention it(36%)语言运用试题命制四项原则
1）语言必须放在实际的、并尽可能
不同的情景中运用；
语言交际行为自然需要交际情景。并且情景还必须符合实际。另外提供的情景必须尽可能多种多样。例如，阅读理解，应该在时间和空间容许的情况下，提供足够的和不同类型的阅读材料。2）语言必须适合具体的交际行为
语言交际行为所用的语言除了需要语音、语法、词汇正确外，还要适合于具体的交际行为，也就是适合于情景、时间、地点、身份、交际目的等。高考英语试卷对语言适宜性的要求，只是最基本、最普通、最初级的要求。3）考核的焦点在于是否达到交际目的
语言交际行为考查的焦点应当为：是否达到交际目的。这体现于命题，也体现于评分（主观题评分）。例如阅读理解试题，如果是读新闻，主要目的是获取事实性信息。命题也就抓住主要的事实性信息来提问，如在何时、何地对何人发生了何事等。如果是读笑话，应该是领会其可笑之点，才算达到了交际目的。
4）语言交际行为除了需要语言能力外，还需要一些其他的交际能力。英语学科所要考查的内容比较明确、稳定，为有利于考生复习，稳定中学英语教学，试卷的题型结构应该相对稳定。教育部考试中心命制的高考英语试卷的题型结构自1996年仅调整过一次，即1999年含听力部分的高考英语试卷。2、题型结构应相对稳定每年出版的英语学科考试说明均会对下一年度试卷中将要启用的题型结构做出明确的说明和限定。命题者将其视为与全体考生达成的协议，会严格按此执行。题型结构的确定是许多命题人员大量研究和调查的结果，所以一旦确定，一般会沿用几年的时间。如果题型需要调整，命题组一定会在前一年出版的考试说明中予以说明。根据教育测量理论和高考的实际情况，试卷的难度为0.55时对高校选拔考生和中学英语教学较为有利。在命题的整个过程中，试题命制人员应时时考虑各题难度情况、考生整体能力变化与否等各种因素，使试卷难度趋近于既定的理想难度。3、试卷难度应逐年保持一致需要说明是，命题人员所追求的应该是整份试卷难度的稳定，而非试卷中各个大题难度的稳定。一般来讲，命题人员每年均会根据前一年度社会对命题的评价和建议，适当调整各大题的难度，以体现命题的指导思想，并使当年试卷与前几年试卷难度基本一致。英语测试应逐步加大语言交际能力考查的力度。听力和阅读理解部分中所选语言材料情景真实、明确、题材多样，语言地道；试题切中要点，能考查出考生的语言交际能力。书面表达中所设计的情景真实性程度较高，且符合考生的认知水平，一般都应该能使考生充分发挥出其书面表达水平。4、强调语言测试的交际性原则语言知识部分单项试题中语用和情景理解的分量愈来愈重，完形填空综合考查考生阅读理解能力和对词汇知识的掌握情况。短文改错所选材料篇幅短、难度不大，但能够自成一体，说明或描述一件事情，在一定程度上能反映出考生在语言准确方面的情况。总之，高考英语试卷应该重视语言交际能力的考查。教育部考试中心设计高考英语试卷的考试内容主要考虑两方面的问题：
1、为缩小我国与国际先进外语教学水平的差距，应该逐渐增加考查语言能力试题的比例。
2、考虑我国外语教学的实际情况和各地发展不平衡这一现实。高考英语试卷以考查语言运用为主，以考查语言知识为辅。破解《大纲》重要信息四部分内容
I. 考试性质
选拔性考试，有较高的信度、效
度、必要的区分度和适当的难度。
II.考试内容
参考2000年颁布的《高中英语教学
大纲》，并考虑中学英语教学实
际，制定本学科考试内容。III.考试形式与试卷结构
1. 考试时间：120分钟
2. 试卷分值：150分
3. 题型：多项选择题、完形填空、
听力填空题、短文改错和写作
4. 试题难易比例：试卷包括易题、
中等题和难题，以中等题为主。
IV. 题型示例
以具体实例来说明考试内容、形式和要求。变化:多项选择式填空-完形填空;填空题-听力填空题.05年全国卷难中易分布中档试题为主明确两项考试内容1、语言知识：词汇、语法
词汇
掌握《教学大纲》词汇表中2000左右词汇(带*号的为要求考生知道其汉语.)
语法 12项
词类 名词 代词 数词 介词 连词 形容词 副词 冠词 动词(时态语态非谓语动词情态动词) 句子(从句) 构词法2、语言运用
听力:测试考生理解英语口语的能力
要求考生听懂有关日常中熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考查点4项：
（1）理解主旨要义；
What are the two speakers
talking about?
（2）获取事实性的具体信息；
Who is Chris Paine?
（3）对所听内容作出简单推理
When does the conversation
tale place?
（4）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度
Why does the woman make the
phone call?
听力样题考查点分布
主旨大意理解：1小题
获取事实性具体信息：10小题
对所听内容作出简单推理：3小题
理解说话者的意图、观点或态度：6小题2、阅读：测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力
要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以书、报、杂志中关于一般性的简短文章。考查点6项：
（1）理解主旨要义；
What would be the best title for
the text?
（2）理解文中具体信息；
What sort of underground systems
are already here with us?（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；
What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
（4）作出简单判断和推理；
The explorers in H.G. Wells’ story are surprised to find that the “moon people”_____.（5）理解文章的基本结构；
The underlined word “them” refers to_____.
（6）理解作者的意图和态度。
The main purpose of writing this text is _____.
阅读样题考查点分布
理解主旨要义：1小题
理解文中具体信息：9小题
根据上下文推断生词的词义：1小题
作出简单判断和推理：6小题
理解文章的基本结构：1小题
理解作者的意图和态度：2小题3、写作：测试考生的书面表达能力
要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。
考查要点2项：
（1）准确使用语法和词汇:应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容,拼写和标点符号运用正确与否也会在一定程度上影响到考生的成绩.
（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意见。应该围绕主题,借助一些句型、词组等支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。准确使用语法It was 7:15 on the morning of Feb. 8,2000. I
____(walk) along Park Road towards the east
when an elderly man ____(come) out of the
park on the other side of the street. Then I ___
(see) a yellow car drive up Third Street
and ____(make) a right turn into Park Road.
The next moment the car ____(hit) the man
while he _____(cross) the road. He ____(fall)
with a cry. The car _____(not stop) but ____(drive)
off at great speed heading west. I _____(notice)
the driver ____(be) a young woman and the plate
number ____(be)AC864. About two minutes later I
_____(stop) a passing car and ____(take) the old
man to the nearest hospital.准确使用语法词汇It was 7:15 on the morning of Feb. 8,2000. I
was walking along Park Road towards the east
when an elderly man came out of the park on the
other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car
drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park
Road. The next moment the car hit the man
while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry.
The car didn’t stop but drove off at great speed
heading west. I noticed the driver was a young
woman and the plate number was AC864. About two
minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the
old man to the nearest hospital.最后冲刺词汇备考重点:
验收和强化中级词汇!
1)记忆:中级词汇 “四会”
2)运用:造句,英英释义,搭配
3)扩展:构词法
采用多种多样的形式验收词汇,
过好词汇关!为提高语言运用能力
打下扎实的基础！size skin share salt smell soft simple
silent science screen ready reach reason
repair raise quiet public proud price
problem polite pleasure period ocean
office notice nation nature model
museum market minute machine medicine
main list lecture judge interest invite
imagine hurt hate hobby health gather
foreign fresh favorite during correct
易词汇分级special success satisfy reduce rough regret
realize pretend prevent praise promise
persuade punish result ruin mention
memory measure manage mayor nervous
narrow familiar fault habit expert
encourage electricity express experiment
edit especially equal disturb design diet
declare devote describe deliver custom
courage create control confident common
challenge cause balance avoid argue中高考过关词汇audience available award accurate agent
scare survive system transport variety
reward relate rescue respond quantity
paragraph precious original oxygen
nuclear merchant merely majority
interview intelligence influence illegal
independent immigrate envy evident
environment emergency guilty gesture
confuse convenient commercial comment难词汇分类动词 accept, achieve, agree, allow, argue, attempt, attend, attract, avoid, ban, beg, beat, behave, benefit, blame, break, carry, catch, cause, change, choose, compare, decide, delay, deliver, depend, design, destroy, devote, discuss, divide, doubt, encourage, expect, explain, express, fail, fetch, force, forget, form, gather, grow, hear, hurt, imagine, include, interview, lead, lie, lift, mean, move, notice, obey, operate, permit, point, praise, promise, provide, prove, remain, raise, regard, regret, realize, seek, settle, share, spend, suffer, support, suppose, succeed, smell语音, 拼写词汇improve, discover, program,
conclusion, discussion, include
grow, follow, window, allow
exist, exact, exercise, expert
machine, stomach, church,
pleasure, ahead, wheat, measure 短语
break down break up break out break in call at call out call on call for
come down come up come in come out come on come across come along
get along get away get back get down
get in get on get off get through give back give in give out give away give up
go away go by go on go out go over
look after look at look for look out look up look down look forward to make up make out
make from make in make fun of
put away put on put up put out put down take in take out take away take on
take down take up take off take place
turn into turn off turn on turn to turn down turn up turn out turn over set out set up set off set free work on work out carry on carry out hear from hear of join in join up pay for pay off pick up pick out point to point out Dear Helen,
I’ve read your advertisement in a magazine. I want to be pen-friends with you.
My name is Wang Lin. I am living in a tradition Chinese family. My father is a bus-driver. My mother is a worker, and my sister is a nurse. They are working hard.
Now I’m studying in the Shanghai School. My school is very beautiful. I also learned a lot of in this school. So, I also like play tennis.
I am waiting for your answer.
Yours,
Wang Lin 低分作文Dear Helen,
I am writing this letter in response to your advertisement.
I am a girl of the same age with you. And I come from a happy and warm family, which includes my father, my mother, my sister and I. I am studying in a key school far from my hometown, but I never regretted for my own choice, for the life here is very colorful and challenging. I am interested in stamp collection and I have colleted more than three thousand stamps. I also like swimming, playing tennis and some other sports.
I wish that one day we could be good friends.
Yours Truly,
Wang Lin 高分作文Tick the words if they have the same meaningdrop lift 2. funny amusing
3. sad mourn 4. peculiar common
5. journey trip 6. tale story
huge large 8. enter leave
sorrow joy 10. terrible awful
11. ready prepared 12. rough smooth
13. hurt injure 14. certain sure
ancient old 16. gift present
17. young aged 18. front rear
19. exhausted weary 20. employ hire词汇检测Tick the words if they have the same meaningdrop lift 2. funny amusing
3. sad mourn 4. peculiar common
5. journey trip 6. tale story
huge large 8. enter leave
sorrow joy 10. terrible awful
11. ready prepared 12. rough smooth
13. hurt injure 14. certain sure
ancient old 16. gift present
17. young aged 18. front rear
19. exhausted weary 20. employ hire Recently I’ve made a survey about the school uniforms and found out that students have 1 d ________ opinions about wearing uniforms.
The majority of the students are in 2 f _______ of wearing school uniforms, in whose opinion, it is good for 3 t________ the students’ character and it is good for the school administration. Students can be 4 e________ to have the good qualities of diligence, discipline and modesty by wearing school uniforms. Moreover, it can help 5 a _______ sorting the students by their clothing. Fill in the blanks词汇检测 However, some students are 6 a_______ wearing school uniforms, for they think the 7 d ______ of the school uniform is rather plain and the color (is) quite dull. In addition, it is very uncomfortable to wear school uniforms. In their mind, wearing school uniforms is no good for the development of students’ 8 p ______.
On the whole, students have different ideas about wearing uniforms. It may help the student management, but not good for personality development. Recently I’ve made a survey about the school uniforms and found out that students have 1 different opinions about wearing uniforms.
The majority of the students are in 2 favor of wearing school uniforms, in whose opinion, it is good for 3 training the students’ character and it is good for the school administration. Students can be 4 encouraged to have the good qualities of diligence, discipline and modesty by wearing school uniforms. Moreover, it can help 5 avoid sorting the students by their clothing. However, some students are 6 against wearing school uniforms, for they think the 7 design of the school uniform is rather plain and the color (is) quite dull. In addition, it is very uncomfortable to wear school uniforms. In their mind, wearing school uniforms is no good for the development of students’ 8 personalities.
On the whole, students have different ideas about wearing uniforms. It may help the student management, but not good for personality development. Dictation (音形义) Frank was helping George prepare for his interview.
He wrote down all the possible questions the
interviewer might be interested.
“The person interviewing you will inquire about many things,” said Frank.
“What can they be interested in? Do you think they will want to know what musical instrument I know how to play?” asked George .
“They will want to know what you intend to do with your life but it isn’t what they ask that is important. How you answer is important. 开心读故事、省心记单词、放心写文章。 They want to hear inspiring answers, which show your intelligence. If you make a bad impression, your chances will be over in an instant. ” said Frank. “Here is a book. It’s an instruction book on how to interview. It’s a good instrument to use and inside you will find very good advice. I insist you read this instead of going into the interview not knowing what to do.”
George started to read right away. When he finished reading, he felt well prepared and confident. 利用有效策略记忆词汇运用词汇,过好词汇关!求理解: “你所不理解的东西是你无法占有的。” “知其义而明其根.”
勤复习:及时复习对巩固所学词汇能起到事半功倍的效果.
巧记忆:利用形象记忆,概念记忆,逻辑记忆,情绪记忆,循环记忆,视听记忆等.提高记忆词汇的科学性!多动笔:“好脑袋不如烂笔头”.学思结合,手脑并用,养成 “不动笔墨不读书”的好习惯.对于不容易记住的词汇更要多动笔写,比单纯口背目记效果要好得多.
抓重点:立足于全面,系统,突出重点,对常用词汇进行重点记忆理解使用。 记忆词汇5注意1、“兵团作战不如游击战
机械地记单词容易疲倦，所以一次背单词不宜过长，可以利用边角时间。
2、温古而知新
著名的遗忘曲线证明：距离记忆发生时间越近，遗忘速度越快，所以学新单词时，一定要尽快复习，尽量在遗忘比例不大时就对记忆的单词进行巩固。
3、孤立深入不如齐头并进
单词记忆最好与单项语言训练结合；如与听力、阅读或写作结合起来，这样在实际应用中反复见面，更容易得到强化。 4、? 单感不如通感
仅仅通过“看”来背单词，记忆效果不佳，结合朗读、听读、听写和抄写，这样不仅单词记得牢，还同时练习了发音和拼写。即多通道协同记忆法5到:眼里看到，心里想到，手里写到，嘴里念到，耳朵听到。
5、? 大量背诵
背诵是记忆力的体操。通过背诵可以培养和锻炼人的记忆力。人的记忆力和人的肌肉一样，只有锻炼才能增强。善于背诵的人才能记忆力惊人。最后冲刺语法备考重点
强化中级语法:
1) 时态的灵活运用
2) 非谓语动词的理解运用
3) 从句的灵活运用
采用多种多样的形式验收所学语法
知识；如填空、翻译、造句、听写等。1.I often see lights in that empty house.
Do you think I ______report it to the
police? (must, should)
2.Roses need special care _______they can live through winter. (so that, as if)
3.I must be getting fat---I can ______do
my trousers. (almost, hardly)
4.Paul had to write a history paper,
____he couldn’t find time to do it. (and, but)
5.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said
Bob, _______out of the window. (look, looking )易语法分级1.I often see lights in that empty house.
Do you think I should report it to the
police? (情态动词)
2.Roses need special care so that they can live through winter. (状语从句)
3.I must be getting fat---I can hardly do
my trousers.(副词)
4.Paul had to write a history paper,
but he couldn’t find time to do it. (连词)
5.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said
Bob, looking out of the window.(分词)
1. There are altogether eleven books on
the shelf, ____five are mine. (by which, of which)
2. ____you call me to say you are not
coming, I’ll see you at the theatre. (Unless, Until)
3. I do every simple bit of house work ____my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. (while, when)
4. Mr. White ___at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (should have arrived, must have arrived)
5. Helen had to shout ____above the sound of the music. (make herself hear, to make herself heard)中1. There are altogether eleven books on
the shelf, of which five are mine.
2. Unless you call me to say you are not
coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.
3. I do every simple bit of house work while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
4. Mr. White should have arrived at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
5. Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.--I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
--____. We’re too busy. (Don’t mention it, Forget it)
2. –How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
--That ____me fine. (fits, suits)
3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___I disagree. (what, where)
4. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ___I will always treasure. (that, one)难--I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
--Forget it. We’re too busy.(语用)
2. –How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
--That suits me fine.(动词)
3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. (从句)
4. Wait till you are more certain. It’s better to be sure than sorry.(形容词)
5. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.(代词)Australia and New Zealand are two attractive
countries in the world. They are similar to each other
in many ways. Located in the South Pacific, each of
them consists of two islands. Covering a large area,
Australia has a population of about 20 million, while
New Zealand, which is not as large as Australia, has
only about less than 4.5 million people. People living
in the two countries similarly have English as their
mother tongue. And both of them are famous for
their sheep industry. It is large sheep population and
wool industry that made people there lead a wealthy life.高分作文Dear Editor, （05全国卷书面表达）
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They always say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.高考过关语法时态: 321
3个一般时: 现在过去将来
2个进行时: 现在过去
1个完成时: 现在完成时
从句:
宾语从句状语从句定语从句
非谓语动词: (逻辑主语的判断)
宾语状语定语补语阅读试题高分关键：
提高阅读的速度，掌握正确的阅读的方法。只有通过不断的实践，练就一套切实可行的阅读技巧，才能不做文字的奴隶，达到与作者的心灵交流，提高读书的效益，提高考试得分。
考前能力试题冲刺你是否有以下影响阅读效率的阅读行为和不良的阅读习惯？
1、你是否读得非常慢，非常仔细，不相信
自己能全部理解所读的材料；
2、阅读时你的嘴唇和舌头是否在动；
3、在阅读时你的头是否随着所读文字符号
的位置而左右移动；
4、你是否经常回读，即读过的东西又重新
读一遍，甚至两三遍；
5、你是否读什么体裁都是一样的速度；6、阅读时总用铅笔或手指指着书上的每
一行左右移动，似乎怕遗漏一个词；
7、一边读一边念出声；
8、一边读一边逐句翻译；
以上都不是正确的阅读习惯，不符合阅读过程的科学规律。在实际阅读时人的眼睛以意群为单位跳跃。
阅读速度
先读文章还是先读问题？
各有利弊；有针对性地和有选择性阅读文章肯定比漫无目的阅读文章的效率要高得多。高考中常见的阅读顺序：
Passage-Question-Passage,
Question-Passage-Question,
Passage-Question-Key words
Passage-Question-passage即先读文章，然后再查阅文章解答问题。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度，有利于解答全局性问题、推理题和猜测等深层次问题；但是缺点是速度慢，考生不能在阅读时积极主动地预测文章的内容，缺乏主观能动性。
Question-Passage-Question就是先看问题，然后再带这着问题去阅读文章。阅读时把注意力放在与问题直接相关的关键词语上，一旦找到所需要的信息，就立即停止扫描式的阅读，然后仔细地阅读相关部分后答题。其特点是；针对性强，节省时间，可以用来解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是对解答主旨性和推理性的问题效果不明显。
提高备考针对性
强化三个意识,
向高分冲刺
倒计时三阶段,
最后压缩整理明确《考试大纲》重要性,
迎接最后挑战!
领悟命题指导思想,
提高应考实效!!
破解《考试大纲》关键信息,
冲刺理想高分!!!明确《考试大纲》重要性1、高考命题的重要依据；
2、明确考试原则和要求：
通过题型示例了解考查的知识和能力，了解整个试卷和不同题目基本的难易程度；
3、明确复习的范围，减少盲目性；
4、《大纲》以考试机构文件的方式公布考试的基本原则和范围，增加考试的透明度，有利于确保考试的“公平、公正”。试卷设计和试题命制的指导思想：为了“有利于中学素质教育的推进；有利于高校选拔人才”，高考英语科的命题指导思想应该是“稳定中求发展”，在稳定命题原则、题型结构、考查要求、试卷难度等的基础上，有所发展、有所创新。领悟教育部考试中心命题指导思想语言知识试题命制三项原则：
1)保证知识覆盖面要广
包括语音、词汇、语法、功能和话题五个项目。语言知识是语言整体素质的有机组成部分，是发展语言技能的基础。考查范围不超出教学大纲要求，覆盖面尽可能宽，保证试题的一定效度。1、命题原则应保持一致 单项填空试题分布特点
面: 非谓语动词、时态、被动语态、情态动词、形容词、代词、限定词、强调句、习惯表达方式等。
点：主干知识动词为考查重点。该项15小题中，其中8个左右考查动词，包括动词时态（2）、非谓语动词（2）、情态动词（1）、被动语态（1）和动词（2）的辩义。
2)尽可能增加综合性的因素
为了保证题量和覆盖面，语言知识题一般以单项形式为主，但应该尽量避免全部采用单项形式，应该采用一些综合题，如完形填空题。即使是单项形式的试题也应该努力加进一些兼考词汇和语法的因素。3)尽可能增加语境化的因素
高考英语试卷的语言知识题在可能的情况下，应尽量加入一些语境化的因素。如，完形填空和短文改错题本身就是有上下文的语篇。具体命题时，要尽可能多问需要联系上下文考虑才能得出答案的问题。如果虽有上下文，但可以在句子范围内找出答案，就失去语境的意义了。（05全国卷）
The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste
like anything I ______before.
(have ever had )
（04全国II卷）
My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so
I ‘m afraid I _____half of it. (missed)
--I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
--____.We’re too busy. (Forget it(21%)Don’t mention it(36%)语言运用试题命制四项原则
1）语言必须放在实际的、并尽可能
不同的情景中运用；
语言交际行为自然需要交际情景。并且情景还必须符合实际。另外提供的情景必须尽可能多种多样。例如，阅读理解，应该在时间和空间容许的情况下，提供足够的和不同类型的阅读材料。2）语言必须适合具体的交际行为
语言交际行为所用的语言除了需要语音、语法、词汇正确外，还要适合于具体的交际行为，也就是适合于情景、时间、地点、身份、交际目的等。高考英语试卷对语言适宜性的要求，只是最基本、最普通、最初级的要求。3）考核的焦点在于是否达到交际目的
语言交际行为考查的焦点应当为：是否达到交际目的。这体现于命题，也体现于评分（主观题评分）。例如阅读理解试题，如果是读新闻，主要目的是获取事实性信息。命题也就抓住主要的事实性信息来提问，如在何时、何地对何人发生了何事等。如果是读笑话，应该是领会其可笑之点，才算达到了交际目的。
4）语言交际行为除了需要语言能力外，还需要一些其他的交际能力。英语学科所要考查的内容比较明确、稳定，为有利于考生复习，稳定中学英语教学，试卷的题型结构应该相对稳定。教育部考试中心命制的高考英语试卷的题型结构自1996年仅调整过一次，即1999年含听力部分的高考英语试卷。2、题型结构应相对稳定每年出版的英语学科考试说明均会对下一年度试卷中将要启用的题型结构做出明确的说明和限定。命题者将其视为与全体考生达成的协议，会严格按此执行。题型结构的确定是许多命题人员大量研究和调查的结果，所以一旦确定，一般会沿用几年的时间。如果题型需要调整，命题组一定会在前一年出版的考试说明中予以说明。根据教育测量理论和高考的实际情况，试卷的难度为0.55时对高校选拔考生和中学英语教学较为有利。在命题的整个过程中，试题命制人员应时时考虑各题难度情况、考生整体能力变化与否等各种因素，使试卷难度趋近于既定的理想难度。3、试卷难度应逐年保持一致需要说明是，命题人员所追求的应该是整份试卷难度的稳定，而非试卷中各个大题难度的稳定。一般来讲，命题人员每年均会根据前一年度社会对命题的评价和建议，适当调整各大题的难度，以体现命题的指导思想，并使当年试卷与前几年试卷难度基本一致。英语测试应逐步加大语言交际能力考查的力度。听力和阅读理解部分中所选语言材料情景真实、明确、题材多样，语言地道；试题切中要点，能考查出考生的语言交际能力。书面表达中所设计的情景真实性程度较高，且符合考生的认知水平，一般都应该能使考生充分发挥出其书面表达水平。4、强调语言测试的交际性原则语言知识部分单项试题中语用和情景理解的分量愈来愈重，完形填空综合考查考生阅读理解能力和对词汇知识的掌握情况。短文改错所选材料篇幅短、难度不大，但能够自成一体，说明或描述一件事情，在一定程度上能反映出考生在语言准确方面的情况。总之，高考英语试卷应该重视语言交际能力的考查。教育部考试中心设计高考英语试卷的考试内容主要考虑两方面的问题：
1、为缩小我国与国际先进外语教学水平的差距，应该逐渐增加考查语言能力试题的比例。
2、考虑我国外语教学的实际情况和各地发展不平衡这一现实。高考英语试卷以考查语言运用为主，以考查语言知识为辅。破解《大纲》重要信息四部分内容
I. 考试性质
选拔性考试，有较高的信度、效
度、必要的区分度和适当的难度。
II.考试内容
参考2000年颁布的《高中英语教学
大纲》，并考虑中学英语教学实
际，制定本学科考试内容。III.考试形式与试卷结构
1. 考试时间：120分钟
2. 试卷分值：150分
3. 题型：多项选择题、完形填空、
听力填空题、短文改错和写作
4. 试题难易比例：试卷包括易题、
中等题和难题，以中等题为主。
IV. 题型示例
以具体实例来说明考试内容、形式和要求。变化:多项选择式填空-完形填空;填空题-听力填空题.05年全国卷难中易分布中档试题为主明确两项考试内容1、语言知识：词汇、语法
词汇
掌握《教学大纲》词汇表中2000左右词汇(带*号的为要求考生知道其汉语.)
语法 12项
词类 名词 代词 数词 介词 连词 形容词 副词 冠词 动词(时态语态非谓语动词情态动词) 句子(从句) 构词法2、语言运用
听力:测试考生理解英语口语的能力
要求考生听懂有关日常中熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考查点4项：
（1）理解主旨要义；
What are the two speakers
talking about?
（2）获取事实性的具体信息；
Who is Chris Paine?
（3）对所听内容作出简单推理
When does the conversation
tale place?
（4）理解说话者的意图、观点或态度
Why does the woman make the
phone call?
听力样题考查点分布
主旨大意理解：1小题
获取事实性具体信息：10小题
对所听内容作出简单推理：3小题
理解说话者的意图、观点或态度：6小题2、阅读：测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力
要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以书、报、杂志中关于一般性的简短文章。考查点6项：
（1）理解主旨要义；
What would be the best title for
the text?
（2）理解文中具体信息；
What sort of underground systems
are already here with us?（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义；
What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
（4）作出简单判断和推理；
The explorers in H.G. Wells’ story are surprised to find that the “moon people”_____.（5）理解文章的基本结构；
The underlined word “them” refers to_____.
（6）理解作者的意图和态度。
The main purpose of writing this text is _____.
阅读样题考查点分布
理解主旨要义：1小题
理解文中具体信息：9小题
根据上下文推断生词的词义：1小题
作出简单判断和推理：6小题
理解文章的基本结构：1小题
理解作者的意图和态度：2小题3、写作：测试考生的书面表达能力
要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。
考查要点2项：
（1）准确使用语法和词汇:应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容,拼写和标点符号运用正确与否也会在一定程度上影响到考生的成绩.
（2）使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意见。应该围绕主题,借助一些句型、词组等支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。准确使用语法It was 7:15 on the morning of Feb. 8,2000. I
____(walk) along Park Road towards the east
when an elderly man ____(come) out of the
park on the other side of the street. Then I ___
(see) a yellow car drive up Third Street
and ____(make) a right turn into Park Road.
The next moment the car ____(hit) the man
while he _____(cross) the road. He ____(fall)
with a cry. The car _____(not stop) but ____(drive)
off at great speed heading west. I _____(notice)
the driver ____(be) a young woman and the plate
number ____(be)AC864. About two minutes later I
_____(stop) a passing car and ____(take) the old
man to the nearest hospital.准确使用语法词汇It was 7:15 on the morning of Feb. 8,2000. I
was walking along Park Road towards the east
when an elderly man came out of the park on the
other side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car
drive up Third Street and make a right turn into Park
Road. The next moment the car hit the man
while he was crossing the road. He fell with a cry.
The car didn’t stop but drove off at great speed
heading west. I noticed the driver was a young
woman and the plate number was AC864. About two
minutes later I stopped a passing car and took the
old man to the nearest hospital.最后冲刺词汇备考重点:
验收和强化中级词汇!
1)记忆:中级词汇 “四会”
2)运用:造句,英英释义,搭配
3)扩展:构词法
采用多种多样的形式验收词汇,
过好词汇关!为提高语言运用能力
打下扎实的基础！size skin share salt smell soft simple
silent science screen ready reach reason
repair raise quiet public proud price
problem polite pleasure period ocean
office notice nation nature model
museum market minute machine medicine
main list lecture judge interest invite
imagine hurt hate hobby health gather
foreign fresh favorite during correct
易词汇分级special success satisfy reduce rough regret
realize pretend prevent praise promise
persuade punish result ruin mention
memory measure manage mayor nervous
narrow familiar fault habit expert
encourage electricity express experiment
edit especially equal disturb design diet
declare devote describe deliver custom
courage create control confident common
challenge cause balance avoid argue中高考过关词汇audience available award accurate agent
scare survive system transport variety
reward relate rescue respond quantity
paragraph precious original oxygen
nuclear merchant merely majority
interview intelligence influence illegal
independent immigrate envy evident
environment emergency guilty gesture
confuse convenient commercial comment难词汇分类动词 accept, achieve, agree, allow, argue, attempt, attend, attract, avoid, ban, beg, beat, behave, benefit, blame, break, carry, catch, cause, change, choose, compare, decide, delay, deliver, depend, design, destroy, devote, discuss, divide, doubt, encourage, expect, explain, express, fail, fetch, force, forget, form, gather, grow, hear, hurt, imagine, include, interview, lead, lie, lift, mean, move, notice, obey, operate, permit, point, praise, promise, provide, prove, remain, raise, regard, regret, realize, seek, settle, share, spend, suffer, support, suppose, succeed, smell语音, 拼写词汇improve, discover, program,
conclusion, discussion, include
grow, follow, window, allow
exist, exact, exercise, expert
machine, stomach, church,
pleasure, ahead, wheat, measure 短语
break down break up break out break in call at call out call on call for
come down come up come in come out come on come across come along
get along get away get back get down
get in get on get off get through give back give in give out give away give up
go away go by go on go out go over
look after look at look for look out look up look down look forward to make up make out
make from make in make fun of
put away put on put up put out put down take in take out take away take on
take down take up take off take place
turn into turn off turn on turn to turn down turn up turn out turn over set out set up set off set free work on work out carry on carry out hear from hear of join in join up pay for pay off pick up pick out point to point out Dear Helen,
I’ve read your advertisement in a magazine. I want to be pen-friends with you.
My name is Wang Lin. I am living in a tradition Chinese family. My father is a bus-driver. My mother is a worker, and my sister is a nurse. They are working hard.
Now I’m studying in the Shanghai School. My school is very beautiful. I also learned a lot of in this school. So, I also like play tennis.
I am waiting for your answer.
Yours,
Wang Lin 低分作文Dear Helen,
I am writing this letter in response to your advertisement.
I am a girl of the same age with you. And I come from a happy and warm family, which includes my father, my mother, my sister and I. I am studying in a key school far from my hometown, but I never regretted for my own choice, for the life here is very colorful and challenging. I am interested in stamp collection and I have colleted more than three thousand stamps. I also like swimming, playing tennis and some other sports.
I wish that one day we could be good friends.
Yours Truly,
Wang Lin 高分作文Tick the words if they have the same meaningdrop lift 2. funny amusing
3. sad mourn 4. peculiar common
5. journey trip 6. tale story
huge large 8. enter leave
sorrow joy 10. terrible awful
11. ready prepared 12. rough smooth
13. hurt injure 14. certain sure
ancient old 16. gift present
17. young aged 18. front rear
19. exhausted weary 20. employ hire词汇检测Tick the words if they have the same meaningdrop lift 2. funny amusing
3. sad mourn 4. peculiar common
5. journey trip 6. tale story
huge large 8. enter leave
sorrow joy 10. terrible awful
11. ready prepared 12. rough smooth
13. hurt injure 14. certain sure
ancient old 16. gift present
17. young aged 18. front rear
19. exhausted weary 20. employ hire Recently I’ve made a survey about the school uniforms and found out that students have 1 d ________ opinions about wearing uniforms.
The majority of the students are in 2 f _______ of wearing school uniforms, in whose opinion, it is good for 3 t________ the students’ character and it is good for the school administration. Students can be 4 e________ to have the good qualities of diligence, discipline and modesty by wearing school uniforms. Moreover, it can help 5 a _______ sorting the students by their clothing. Fill in the blanks词汇检测 However, some students are 6 a_______ wearing school uniforms, for they think the 7 d ______ of the school uniform is rather plain and the color (is) quite dull. In addition, it is very uncomfortable to wear school uniforms. In their mind, wearing school uniforms is no good for the development of students’ 8 p ______.
On the whole, students have different ideas about wearing uniforms. It may help the student management, but not good for personality development. Recently I’ve made a survey about the school uniforms and found out that students have 1 different opinions about wearing uniforms.
The majority of the students are in 2 favor of wearing school uniforms, in whose opinion, it is good for 3 training the students’ character and it is good for the school administration. Students can be 4 encouraged to have the good qualities of diligence, discipline and modesty by wearing school uniforms. Moreover, it can help 5 avoid sorting the students by their clothing. However, some students are 6 against wearing school uniforms, for they think the 7 design of the school uniform is rather plain and the color (is) quite dull. In addition, it is very uncomfortable to wear school uniforms. In their mind, wearing school uniforms is no good for the development of students’ 8 personalities.
On the whole, students have different ideas about wearing uniforms. It may help the student management, but not good for personality development. Dictation (音形义) Frank was helping George prepare for his interview.
He wrote down all the possible questions the
interviewer might be interested.
“The person interviewing you will inquire about many things,” said Frank.
“What can they be interested in? Do you think they will want to know what musical instrument I know how to play?” asked George .
“They will want to know what you intend to do with your life but it isn’t what they ask that is important. How you answer is important. 开心读故事、省心记单词、放心写文章。 They want to hear inspiring answers, which show your intelligence. If you make a bad impression, your chances will be over in an instant. ” said Frank. “Here is a book. It’s an instruction book on how to interview. It’s a good instrument to use and inside you will find very good advice. I insist you read this instead of going into the interview not knowing what to do.”
George started to read right away. When he finished reading, he felt well prepared and confident. 利用有效策略记忆词汇运用词汇,过好词汇关!求理解: “你所不理解的东西是你无法占有的。” “知其义而明其根.”
勤复习:及时复习对巩固所学词汇能起到事半功倍的效果.
巧记忆:利用形象记忆,概念记忆,逻辑记忆,情绪记忆,循环记忆,视听记忆等.提高记忆词汇的科学性!多动笔:“好脑袋不如烂笔头”.学思结合,手脑并用,养成 “不动笔墨不读书”的好习惯.对于不容易记住的词汇更要多动笔写,比单纯口背目记效果要好得多.
抓重点:立足于全面,系统,突出重点,对常用词汇进行重点记忆理解使用。 记忆词汇5注意1、“兵团作战不如游击战
机械地记单词容易疲倦，所以一次背单词不宜过长，可以利用边角时间。
2、温古而知新
著名的遗忘曲线证明：距离记忆发生时间越近，遗忘速度越快，所以学新单词时，一定要尽快复习，尽量在遗忘比例不大时就对记忆的单词进行巩固。
3、孤立深入不如齐头并进
单词记忆最好与单项语言训练结合；如与听力、阅读或写作结合起来，这样在实际应用中反复见面，更容易得到强化。 4、? 单感不如通感
仅仅通过“看”来背单词，记忆效果不佳，结合朗读、听读、听写和抄写，这样不仅单词记得牢，还同时练习了发音和拼写。即多通道协同记忆法5到:眼里看到，心里想到，手里写到，嘴里念到，耳朵听到。
5、? 大量背诵
背诵是记忆力的体操。通过背诵可以培养和锻炼人的记忆力。人的记忆力和人的肌肉一样，只有锻炼才能增强。善于背诵的人才能记忆力惊人。最后冲刺语法备考重点
强化中级语法:
1) 时态的灵活运用
2) 非谓语动词的理解运用
3) 从句的灵活运用
采用多种多样的形式验收所学语法
知识；如填空、翻译、造句、听写等。1.I often see lights in that empty house.
Do you think I ______report it to the
police? (must, should)
2.Roses need special care _______they can live through winter. (so that, as if)
3.I must be getting fat---I can ______do
my trousers. (almost, hardly)
4.Paul had to write a history paper,
____he couldn’t find time to do it. (and, but)
5.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said
Bob, _______out of the window. (look, looking )易语法分级1.I often see lights in that empty house.
Do you think I should report it to the
police? (情态动词)
2.Roses need special care so that they can live through winter. (状语从句)
3.I must be getting fat---I can hardly do
my trousers.(副词)
4.Paul had to write a history paper,
but he couldn’t find time to do it. (连词)
5.“We can’t go out in this weather,” said
Bob, looking out of the window.(分词)
1. There are altogether eleven books on
the shelf, ____five are mine. (by which, of which)
2. ____you call me to say you are not
coming, I’ll see you at the theatre. (Unless, Until)
3. I do every simple bit of house work ____my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then. (while, when)
4. Mr. White ___at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. (should have arrived, must have arrived)
5. Helen had to shout ____above the sound of the music. (make herself hear, to make herself heard)中1. There are altogether eleven books on
the shelf, of which five are mine.
2. Unless you call me to say you are not
coming, I’ll see you at the theatre.
3. I do every simple bit of house work while my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
4. Mr. White should have arrived at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
5. Helen had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.--I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
--____. We’re too busy. (Don’t mention it, Forget it)
2. –How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
--That ____me fine. (fits, suits)
3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___I disagree. (what, where)
4. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ___I will always treasure. (that, one)难--I’d like to take a week’s holiday.
--Forget it. We’re too busy.(语用)
2. –How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
--That suits me fine.(动词)
3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. (从句)
4. Wait till you are more certain. It’s better to be sure than sorry.(形容词)
5. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure.(代词)Australia and New Zealand are two attractive
countries in the world. They are similar to each other
in many ways. Located in the South Pacific, each of
them consists of two islands. Covering a large area,
Australia has a population of about 20 million, while
New Zealand, which is not as large as Australia, has
only about less than 4.5 million people. People living
in the two countries similarly have English as their
mother tongue. And both of them are famous for
their sheep industry. It is large sheep population and
wool industry that made people there lead a wealthy life.高分作文Dear Editor, （05全国卷书面表达）
Recently, our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city. Some of my classmates are in favor of the move. They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams. They always say that once moved, animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs. However, other students are against the idea, saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906, has a history of 100 years, and is well-known at home and abroad. So it should remain where it is. What’s more, moving may cause the death of some animals. To move or not, this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing.高考过关语法时态: 321
3个一般时: 现在过去将来
2个进行时: 现在过去
1个完成时: 现在完成时
从句:
宾语从句状语从句定语从句
非谓语动词: (逻辑主语的判断)
宾语状语定语补语阅读试题高分关键：
提高阅读的速度，掌握正确的阅读的方法。只有通过不断的实践，练就一套切实可行的阅读技巧，才能不做文字的奴隶，达到与作者的心灵交流，提高读书的效益，提高考试得分。
考前能力试题冲刺你是否有以下影响阅读效率的阅读行为和不良的阅读习惯？
1、你是否读得非常慢，非常仔细，不相信
自己能全部理解所读的材料；
2、阅读时你的嘴唇和舌头是否在动；
3、在阅读时你的头是否随着所读文字符号
的位置而左右移动；
4、你是否经常回读，即读过的东西又重新
读一遍，甚至两三遍；
5、你是否读什么体裁都是一样的速度；6、阅读时总用铅笔或手指指着书上的每
一行左右移动，似乎怕遗漏一个词；
7、一边读一边念出声；
8、一边读一边逐句翻译；
以上都不是正确的阅读习惯，不符合阅读过程的科学规律。在实际阅读时人的眼睛以意群为单位跳跃。
阅读速度
先读文章还是先读问题？
各有利弊；有针对性地和有选择性阅读文章肯定比漫无目的阅读文章的效率要高得多。高考中常见的阅读顺序：
Passage-Question-Passage,
Question-Passage-Question,
Passage-Question-Key words
Passage-Question-passage即先读文章，然后再查阅文章解答问题。其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度，有利于解答全局性问题、推理题和猜测等深层次问题；但是缺点是速度慢，考生不能在阅读时积极主动地预测文章的内容，缺乏主观能动性。
Question-Passage-Question就是先看问题，然后再带这着问题去阅读文章。阅读时把注意力放在与问题直接相关的关键词语上，一旦找到所需要的信息，就立即停止扫描式的阅读，然后仔细地阅读相关部分后答题。其特点是；针对性强，节省时间，可以用来解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是对解答主旨性和推理性的问题效果不明显。