主谓宾宾补结构精讲多练
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主谓宾宾补
宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语；宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。所以，英语中的“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构与现代汉语中的“兼语结构”是相同的，宾语兼做前面动词的宾语和后面成分(逻辑上的谓语)的逻辑主语。这是英语句法中最复杂的句子结构。
1. He found his new job boring. (形容词做宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词做宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语做宾补)
4. We went to her house but found her out. (副词做宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式做宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式做宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)
【秘诀】不定式，作宾补，下列词后省去to：
一“感”二“听”三使役四个“看”半个help,后跟不定式做宾补，主动形式省去to,变成被动要加to.
【说明】“一感”指feel。“二听”指hear, listen to。“四看见”指notice, observe, see, watch。 三个“小使役”指have, let, make三个使役动词。在这些动词后有不定式作宾补时，不定式的符号to往往要省去。
help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如：
I often help my mother(to) do some housework.
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词做宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词做宾补)
总结：能充当宾语补足语成分的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）
一.请分析下列句子，找出宾补：
1.Willis's jokes made her uneasy.
2.I thought it right to go there without delay.
3.Have you found it difficult to speak.
4.I think it wrong to tell a lie.
5.You'd better keep the door open. It's hot in the room.
6.So I cut my hair short. 7.They washed their clothes very clean.
8.We painted the door green.
他们的共同特点是_________词做宾补；这些句子中的谓语动词常用find, get, keep, make, paint, push, set, turn, wish, think等
二．请分析下列句子，找出宾补：
1.Last year they made him captain of the Team
2.The people named the place "Turbo Kutu".
3.Don't call me Lily. 4.I named my son George after my uncle.
5.They called them cowards. 6.They chose Mr. Smith chairman.
7.The people crowned Richard king.
他们的共同特点是_________词做宾补；这些句子中的谓语动词常用call, choose, crown, define, elect, make, name 等.
三．请分析下列句子，找出宾补：
1.You must get your hair cut. 2.His action made him respected.
3.I heard the song sung in English.
4.He found his hometown greatly changed. 5.She had a new dress made.
他们的共同特点是_________词做宾补；这些句子中的谓语动词常用
1.用过去分词作宾补的表示感觉或心理状态的动词有:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
2.用过去分词作宾补的表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make,let, get, keep, leave等。
四．请分析下列句子，找出宾补：
1.I found him out just now. 2.Please lead the man in.
3.He took his hat off. 4.We employed him as a cook.
5.She showed me to the door.
6.I kept my dog in the room in the morning.
他们的共同特点是_________词做宾补；这些句子中的谓语动词常用 ：put, take, give, show, employ, treat, bring, take, lead, know; keep, find, take
五．请判断下列句子的句子类型
1.He is running. ____________
2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry. _____________
3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.___________
4.She seemed angry. ___________
5.My father bought me a beautiful present. ___________
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？____________
7.Will you tell us an exciting story？____________
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. ___________
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. ____________
10.Can you push the window open？______________
注一：在此句型中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾补，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
注二：怎样区分"双宾语"和"复合宾语"？
1.看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系：如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系(或主表关系)，那么该动词所接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。如：Who kept you waiting so long (宾语you与waiting之间存在着主谓关系，因此you waiting是复合宾语。)
2.在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）。例如：
She showed us（pron．）a new TV set（n．）．（双宾语）
He gave Tom（n．） a piece of paper（n．）．（双宾语）
We call him Lao Li（n．）．（复合宾语）
Don’t keep the light on（adv．）．（复合宾语）
They must keep their hands behind their backs（介词短语）．（复合宾语）
I won’t let you try again（不定式短语）．（复合宾语）
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed（过去分词）．（复合宾语）
注三：主动句：S+V+O+C（宾语补足语）
被动句：S+ be +过去分词+C+ by +O（原主语之宾格形式）
有宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，补足语放在过去分词之后，其位置虽然维持不变，但语法功能变了--------此时的补足语不再是宾语补足语，而变成了主语补足语。
We call him Great Man.（主谓宾宾补） 我们叫他"伟人"。
He is called Great Man (by us). （主谓主补）他被我们称为"伟人"。
They will make the city more beautiful.（主谓宾宾） 他们将会让城市更美丽。
The city will be made more beautiful (by them).（主谓主补）城市将会被弄得更美丽。
We saw the flags raising.（主 谓 宾 宾补）我们看见旗子升上去。
The flags was seen raising.（主 谓 主补）旗子被看见升上去。
He saw a thief steal something from the room.（主谓宾宾补）
我们看见一个小偷从屋子里偷了东西。
A thief was seen to steal something from the room.（主 谓 主补）
一个小偷被看见从屋子里偷了东西。
注四：注意下列常用结构
1.have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)
2.get sb to do sth(使…)
3.have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done) （有…）
4.With+宾+宾补+n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase
With+宾+宾补+to do：表将来
With+宾+宾补+doing：表正在进行
With+宾+宾补+Done：表过去
注五：常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五为例：
We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
注六： 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例，请写出是哪个句型:
He's getting angry. ( ) He got through the window. ( )
You'll get a surprise. ( ) He got his shoes and socks wet. ( )
He got himself into trouble. ( ) He got her a splendid present. ( )
在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。（S V O M）
I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C）
I have to do something. 我得做点事。I have something to do. 我有点事做。
练习1：挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
（ ）① She likes the children to read books in the reading-room.
A B C D
（ ）② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
A B C D
（ ）③ She found it difficult to do the work.
A B C D
（ ）④ They call me Lily sometimes.
A B C D
（ ）⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A B C D
( )⑥ Did you see Tom playing football on the playground just now
A B C D
练习2：翻译
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。
9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。
11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。
15她正在听人家讲故事。 16我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
17我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 18我发现他躺在草地上
1 We call her Alice.
2 His parents named him John.
3 All of us considered him honest.
4 They pushed the door open.
5 They have set the thief free.
6 We will make our school more beautiful.
7 He asked us to join in the game.
8 I want you to tell me the truth.
9 The guards ordered us to leave at once.
10 Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
11 Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
12 The pain made him cry out.
13 We won’t let her go out at night.
14 He has his hair cut once a month.
15 She is listening to someone telling stories.
16 I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
17 I thought it no use talking with that man
18 I found him lying on the grass.
宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语；宾语和宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。所以，英语中的“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构与现代汉语中的“兼语结构”是相同的，宾语兼做前面动词的宾语和后面成分(逻辑上的谓语)的逻辑主语。这是英语句法中最复杂的句子结构。
1. He found his new job boring. (形容词做宾补)
2. The called their daughter Mary. (名词做宾补)
3. This placed her in a very difficult position. (介词短语做宾补)
4. We went to her house but found her out. (副词做宾补)
5. What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)
6. We thought him to be an honest man. (to be做宾补)
7. He believed them to have discussed the problem. (不定式的完成式做宾补)
8. He believed her to be telling the truth. (不定式的进行式做宾补)
9. Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)
【秘诀】不定式，作宾补，下列词后省去to：
一“感”二“听”三使役四个“看”半个help,后跟不定式做宾补，主动形式省去to,变成被动要加to.
【说明】“一感”指feel。“二听”指hear, listen to。“四看见”指notice, observe, see, watch。 三个“小使役”指have, let, make三个使役动词。在这些动词后有不定式作宾补时，不定式的符号to往往要省去。
help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如：
I often help my mother(to) do some housework.
10. I saw her chatting with Nancy. (现在分词做宾补)
11. He watched the piano carried upstairs. (过去分词做宾补)
总结：能充当宾语补足语成分的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）
一.请分析下列句子，找出宾补：
1.Willis's jokes made her uneasy.
2.I thought it right to go there without delay.
3.Have you found it difficult to speak.
4.I think it wrong to tell a lie.
5.You'd better keep the door open. It's hot in the room.
6.So I cut my hair short. 7.They washed their clothes very clean.
8.We painted the door green.
他们的共同特点是_________词做宾补；这些句子中的谓语动词常用find, get, keep, make, paint, push, set, turn, wish, think等
二．请分析下列句子，找出宾补：
1.Last year they made him captain of the Team
2.The people named the place "Turbo Kutu".
3.Don't call me Lily. 4.I named my son George after my uncle.
5.They called them cowards. 6.They chose Mr. Smith chairman.
7.The people crowned Richard king.
他们的共同特点是_________词做宾补；这些句子中的谓语动词常用call, choose, crown, define, elect, make, name 等.
三．请分析下列句子，找出宾补：
1.You must get your hair cut. 2.His action made him respected.
3.I heard the song sung in English.
4.He found his hometown greatly changed. 5.She had a new dress made.
他们的共同特点是_________词做宾补；这些句子中的谓语动词常用
1.用过去分词作宾补的表示感觉或心理状态的动词有:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
2.用过去分词作宾补的表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make,let, get, keep, leave等。
四．请分析下列句子，找出宾补：
1.I found him out just now. 2.Please lead the man in.
3.He took his hat off. 4.We employed him as a cook.
5.She showed me to the door.
6.I kept my dog in the room in the morning.
他们的共同特点是_________词做宾补；这些句子中的谓语动词常用 ：put, take, give, show, employ, treat, bring, take, lead, know; keep, find, take
五．请判断下列句子的句子类型
1.He is running. ____________
2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry. _____________
3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.___________
4.She seemed angry. ___________
5.My father bought me a beautiful present. ___________
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？____________
7.Will you tell us an exciting story？____________
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean. ___________
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room. ____________
10.Can you push the window open？______________
注一：在此句型中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1. He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语，his duty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2. I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾补，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
注二：怎样区分"双宾语"和"复合宾语"？
1.看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系：如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系(或主表关系)，那么该动词所接的是复合宾语，否则就是双宾语。如：Who kept you waiting so long (宾语you与waiting之间存在着主谓关系，因此you waiting是复合宾语。)
2.在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词。而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）。例如：
She showed us（pron．）a new TV set（n．）．（双宾语）
He gave Tom（n．） a piece of paper（n．）．（双宾语）
We call him Lao Li（n．）．（复合宾语）
Don’t keep the light on（adv．）．（复合宾语）
They must keep their hands behind their backs（介词短语）．（复合宾语）
I won’t let you try again（不定式短语）．（复合宾语）
The other students in the class keep their eyes closed（过去分词）．（复合宾语）
注三：主动句：S+V+O+C（宾语补足语）
被动句：S+ be +过去分词+C+ by +O（原主语之宾格形式）
有宾语补足语的主动语态改为被动语态时，补足语放在过去分词之后，其位置虽然维持不变，但语法功能变了--------此时的补足语不再是宾语补足语，而变成了主语补足语。
We call him Great Man.（主谓宾宾补） 我们叫他"伟人"。
He is called Great Man (by us). （主谓主补）他被我们称为"伟人"。
They will make the city more beautiful.（主谓宾宾） 他们将会让城市更美丽。
The city will be made more beautiful (by them).（主谓主补）城市将会被弄得更美丽。
We saw the flags raising.（主 谓 宾 宾补）我们看见旗子升上去。
The flags was seen raising.（主 谓 主补）旗子被看见升上去。
He saw a thief steal something from the room.（主谓宾宾补）
我们看见一个小偷从屋子里偷了东西。
A thief was seen to steal something from the room.（主 谓 主补）
一个小偷被看见从屋子里偷了东西。
注四：注意下列常用结构
1.have/make/let/see/watch/listen to+宾+宾补(do/doing/done)
2.get sb to do sth(使…)
3.have+宾+宾补(to do/to be done) （有…）
4.With+宾+宾补+n./pron./adj./adv./prep-phrase
With+宾+宾补+to do：表将来
With+宾+宾补+doing：表正在进行
With+宾+宾补+Done：表过去
注五：常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五为例：
We found the hall full. 我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
注六： 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以 get 为例，请写出是哪个句型:
He's getting angry. ( ) He got through the window. ( )
You'll get a surprise. ( ) He got his shoes and socks wet. ( )
He got himself into trouble. ( ) He got her a splendid present. ( )
在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily.我很容易地找到了这本书。（S V O M）
I found the book easy. 我觉得这本书很容易。 （S V O C）
I have to do something. 我得做点事。I have something to do. 我有点事做。
练习1：挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
（ ）① She likes the children to read books in the reading-room.
A B C D
（ ）② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
A B C D
（ ）③ She found it difficult to do the work.
A B C D
（ ）④ They call me Lily sometimes.
A B C D
（ ）⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
A B C D
( )⑥ Did you see Tom playing football on the playground just now
A B C D
练习2：翻译
1我们叫她Alice. 2他的父母给他取名为John.
3我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 4他们把门推开了。
5他们把小偷释放了。 6我们要使学校变得更美丽。
7他请我们参加做游戏。 8我要你把真相告诉我。
9卫兵命令我们立即离开。 10明天我要找人来修理机器。
11每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 12痛苦使得他叫喊起来。
13我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 14他每个月理一次发。
15她正在听人家讲故事。 16我想乘船去那里更舒服些。
17我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。 18我发现他躺在草地上
1 We call her Alice.
2 His parents named him John.
3 All of us considered him honest.
4 They pushed the door open.
5 They have set the thief free.
6 We will make our school more beautiful.
7 He asked us to join in the game.
8 I want you to tell me the truth.
9 The guards ordered us to leave at once.
10 Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine.
11 Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
12 The pain made him cry out.
13 We won’t let her go out at night.
14 He has his hair cut once a month.
15 She is listening to someone telling stories.
16 I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
17 I thought it no use talking with that man
18 I found him lying on the grass.