《状语从句》
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课件37张PPT。状语从句 Adverbial Clause 按其意义和作用可分为九类时间状语从句
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句 1 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, before, after, since , till, until, as soon as,
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, directly, immediately; (一… 就) no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … whenI didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
I’ll tell you directly he comes.
Tell me immediately you have any news.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
I had hardly left when the quarrel started。
Hardly had I left when the quarrel started。
时间状语从句一般不用将来时.。因此主句若为将来时，时间状语要用一般现在时。I will go on with the work when I come back tomorrow。
when， while， as的区别
when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可同时发生也可先后发生。
While和as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。While 后接延续性动作；as 常为“边……边……”
till/ until
He did not get up till his mother came in。
He worked until it was dark。
他直到妈妈进来才起床
他一直工作到天黑When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When I have time , I will go to see you.When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine. He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.*注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.When the children had gone to bed, she began to
prepare her lessons. When=afterWhile ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。While we were in America, we saw him twice.While we were talking, he came in.Strike while the iron is hot. While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows. As --- 一边……一边, 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older, she became more beautiful.As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。As I was going out, it began to rain.I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door.Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.2地点状语从句常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
注意不要同where引导的定语从句混淆：
We shall go where working conditions are difficult.
We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.3方式状语从句(位于主句之后) 常用引导词：as, as if/ though(可用虚拟语气也可用陈述语气)
特殊引导词：the way, how
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
I shall wear my coat how I like.4原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as (语气由强到弱)
特殊引导词：considering that, seeing (that), now (that)
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now (that) everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.下列情况下只用because: 回答用why提出问题
--Why is he absent? --Because he is ill.
用来引导表语从句
He didn’t speak to you, it was because he didn’t recognize you.
强调原因状语的强调句中
It was because he was ill that he was absent at the meeting.
当从属连词前有only, just, simply修饰时
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you Since /as/forSince 和as引导的状语从句强调的是结果,而不是原因,因此他们引导的从句通常放在主句前.
Since比as在语气上强,表示自然的因果关系,相当于”既然”; as常用与讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉,不需要突出.
Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance.
Since the two children were brought up in the south, they have never seen snow.
As he didn’t know much English, he often took a dictionary with him.
For常常翻译为因为,不只是用来说明一种原因还可以表示一种附带或补充解释或说明或推理,一般不位于句首.
The doctor looks tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient.5结果状语从句 常用引导词：so that, so… that, such … that,
He drove so carelessly that his car crashes into a tree.
sosuchShe was such a nice girl that everyone liked her. Such + a/an (+ adj) 可数名词单数
Such + (+ adj) 可数名词复数 *若名词前有many, much, few, little 修饰时,用so. 如 so many students, so little money.It was ____ hot a day that we couldn’t sleep.
It was ____ a hot day that we couldn’t sleep.6目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that，that
特殊引导词：lest, in case(以免), for fear that/of，in the hope that, for the purpose that, on purpose thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. Take your raincoat in case it rains/ (should) rain.I’ll explain it to him lest he (should) doubt me.7条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：in case（万一); as/so long as, on condition that, only if ; providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that(倘若假使) We’ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.条件状语从句分为两种: 真实条件句和非真实条件句 I will write to your parents if you are late again.
If it were not hot now, I would go to visit Guangzhou.
1) 假设的情况有可能发生的条件句叫真实条件句,用陈述句语气.
2) 若假设的情况完全是一种假设或者发生的可能性不大的条件句叫非真实条件句,用虚拟语气.
He will not leave unless it is fine tomorrow.
Had enough money he would buy a car. Now he has to ride a bike.8让步状语从句(不管;尽管)
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as，while ( 一般用在句首 ), in spite of the fact that,; no matter …，whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverThe old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He won’t listen whatever you may say.由as引导的让步状语从句, 须将作表语的形容词或者名词(前面无冠词),表示程度的副词(如much), 动词原形放在句首, 构成部分倒装. Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。Child as he is, he knows much about his family.Try as he might, he failed a second time.9比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较)as…, not so…as… ; than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more … the more …, A is to B what /as X is to Y; no …more than She is as bad-tempered as her father (is) .The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器He is taller than I / me.当as或than引导的从句的主语为人称代词时，可以用主格也可以用宾格。PRACTICE：要求用适当的词填空
________ he did, no one paid any attention to him.
________ I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
Tall ________ he was, he could not reach the apples.
________ he is poor, he is at least honest.
________ all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.
________ I hadn’t stopped her, she would have jumped into the river.
Don’t ask me to explain ________ you really don’t understand.
It rained a lot, ________ I didn’t have to water the lawn.WhateverThough asThough If evensoEven ifThey are hurrying ________ they may not miss the train.
The speech is all the more important ________ it was made by a man of authority.
________ he was in a hurry, he left his bag in the waiting room.
It was ________ he was ill that he didn’t go with us.
You can do the job ________ you like.
Please do exactly ________ your doctor says.
________ there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
he walked ________ he were drunk.
________ had he arrived _______ he had to leave again.so thatbecauseAs becauseaswhatSince as ifNo soonerthanRoses need special care ____ they can live through winter.(2004)
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
the shop doesn’t open until 11 a.m. _____ it loses a lot of business.(2004 spring)
A. for B. or C. but D. so
We are going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us ___ you can meet us there later. (2003)
A. but B. and C. or D. then
John shut everybody out of the kitchen ___ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. (2002)
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
The film brought the hours back to me ___ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(2001*)
A. until B. that C when D where
A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.(2001)
A. how B after C. what D. when
The WTO cannot live up to its name ___ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.(2000)
A. as long as B. while
C. if D even though
______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After
C. Although D. As soon asyou should make it a rule to leave things ___ you can find them again
A. when B. where
C. then D. there
we’ll have to finish the job, ______.
A. long it takes however
B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes
D. however long it takes1.You have no idea ____ worried I was.
A. how B. however C. that D. where
2. I’ll remember ___ the teacher teaches us.
A. that B. no matter what
C. whatever D. no matter which
3. It looked ___ it was going to snow.
A. as if B. if C. as D. whether
4. We had not gone far ____ we saw a great crowd of people.
A. before B. after C. as soon as D. while
5. _ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more.
A. for B. even C. since D. however 6. ___, he gets angry with her sometimes.
A. although much he likes her C. as he likes her much
B. much although he likes her D. much as he likes her
7. ___ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. having checked B. check
C. If you check D. to check
8. The famous scientist grew up __ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
9. He took an umbrella with him this morning __ he should be caught in the rain.
A. so that B. in order that C. in case D. now that10. It was foolish of you to take a taxi ____ you could easily walk there in 5minutes.
A. before B. till C. so that D. when
11. We don’t doubt ____ he can do a good job.
A. whether B. that C. how D. why
12.The French football team, the last champion of the World Cup, suffered such a defeat ___ the whole world felt very shocked and disappointed.
A. that B. as C. after D. though
13. You can have the magazine ____ I finish reading it.
In the moment B. the moment
C. for the moment D. at the moment
地点状语从句
方式状语从句
原因状语从句
结果状语从句
目的状语从句
条件状语从句
让步状语从句
比较状语从句 1 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, before, after, since , till, until, as soon as,
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, directly, immediately; (一… 就) no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … whenI didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
I’ll tell you directly he comes.
Tell me immediately you have any news.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
I had hardly left when the quarrel started。
Hardly had I left when the quarrel started。
时间状语从句一般不用将来时.。因此主句若为将来时，时间状语要用一般现在时。I will go on with the work when I come back tomorrow。
when， while， as的区别
when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可同时发生也可先后发生。
While和as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。While 后接延续性动作；as 常为“边……边……”
till/ until
He did not get up till his mother came in。
He worked until it was dark。
他直到妈妈进来才起床
他一直工作到天黑When ---当……时候, 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生。When I opened the window, I saw him come up.When I have time , I will go to see you.When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine. He said he would tell her about it when he saw her.*注意：在时间状语从句中，主从句都是将来的动作或状态时，习惯上主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。When --- 正在……的时候，突然…。通常主句是进行时或 be about to 时，在翻译的时候，when 可以译成没想到或突然。I was walking along the street , when I met him.I was about to fall asleep when my sister came in.One evening, little Hans was sitting near the fire when he heard a loud knock at the door.When 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满。Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.When I was leaving the house, the postman arrived.When the children had gone to bed, she began to
prepare her lessons. When=afterWhile ---在……期间，往往指一段时间。While we were in America, we saw him twice.While we were talking, he came in.Strike while the iron is hot. While ---表示一种不满情绪，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等。We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.The soldier faces the powder while the beauty powder the face.While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows. As --- 一边……一边, 随着She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older, she became more beautiful.As --- 当……时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时。As I was going out, it began to rain.I saw Mary as she was going on the bus.As he was eating his breakfast, he heard someone knock at the door.Someone patted me on the shoulder as I was standing before the shop window.2地点状语从句常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
注意不要同where引导的定语从句混淆：
We shall go where working conditions are difficult.
We shall go to the place where working conditions are difficult.3方式状语从句(位于主句之后) 常用引导词：as, as if/ though(可用虚拟语气也可用陈述语气)
特殊引导词：the way, how
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
I shall wear my coat how I like.4原因状语从句常用引导词：because, since, as (语气由强到弱)
特殊引导词：considering that, seeing (that), now (that)
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now (that) everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.下列情况下只用because: 回答用why提出问题
--Why is he absent? --Because he is ill.
用来引导表语从句
He didn’t speak to you, it was because he didn’t recognize you.
强调原因状语的强调句中
It was because he was ill that he was absent at the meeting.
当从属连词前有only, just, simply修饰时
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you Since /as/forSince 和as引导的状语从句强调的是结果,而不是原因,因此他们引导的从句通常放在主句前.
Since比as在语气上强,表示自然的因果关系,相当于”既然”; as常用与讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉,不需要突出.
Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, you’d better give him a chance.
Since the two children were brought up in the south, they have never seen snow.
As he didn’t know much English, he often took a dictionary with him.
For常常翻译为因为,不只是用来说明一种原因还可以表示一种附带或补充解释或说明或推理,一般不位于句首.
The doctor looks tired and sleepy, for he sat up all night with the patient.5结果状语从句 常用引导词：so that, so… that, such … that,
He drove so carelessly that his car crashes into a tree.
sosuchShe was such a nice girl that everyone liked her. Such + a/an (+ adj) 可数名词单数
Such + (+ adj) 可数名词复数 *若名词前有many, much, few, little 修饰时,用so. 如 so many students, so little money.It was ____ hot a day that we couldn’t sleep.
It was ____ a hot day that we couldn’t sleep.6目的状语从句常用引导词：so that, in order that，that
特殊引导词：lest, in case(以免), for fear that/of，in the hope that, for the purpose that, on purpose thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. Take your raincoat in case it rains/ (should) rain.I’ll explain it to him lest he (should) doubt me.7条件状语从句常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：in case（万一); as/so long as, on condition that, only if ; providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that(倘若假使) We’ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.条件状语从句分为两种: 真实条件句和非真实条件句 I will write to your parents if you are late again.
If it were not hot now, I would go to visit Guangzhou.
1) 假设的情况有可能发生的条件句叫真实条件句,用陈述句语气.
2) 若假设的情况完全是一种假设或者发生的可能性不大的条件句叫非真实条件句,用虚拟语气.
He will not leave unless it is fine tomorrow.
Had enough money he would buy a car. Now he has to ride a bike.8让步状语从句(不管;尽管)
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词：as，while ( 一般用在句首 ), in spite of the fact that,; no matter …，whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverThe old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind. He won’t listen whatever you may say.由as引导的让步状语从句, 须将作表语的形容词或者名词(前面无冠词),表示程度的副词(如much), 动词原形放在句首, 构成部分倒装. Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。Child as he is, he knows much about his family.Try as he might, he failed a second time.9比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较)as…, not so…as… ; than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more … the more …, A is to B what /as X is to Y; no …more than She is as bad-tempered as her father (is) .The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器He is taller than I / me.当as或than引导的从句的主语为人称代词时，可以用主格也可以用宾格。PRACTICE：要求用适当的词填空
________ he did, no one paid any attention to him.
________ I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
Tall ________ he was, he could not reach the apples.
________ he is poor, he is at least honest.
________ all the world were against me, I should still hold to my opinion.
________ I hadn’t stopped her, she would have jumped into the river.
Don’t ask me to explain ________ you really don’t understand.
It rained a lot, ________ I didn’t have to water the lawn.WhateverThough asThough If evensoEven ifThey are hurrying ________ they may not miss the train.
The speech is all the more important ________ it was made by a man of authority.
________ he was in a hurry, he left his bag in the waiting room.
It was ________ he was ill that he didn’t go with us.
You can do the job ________ you like.
Please do exactly ________ your doctor says.
________ there’s plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
he walked ________ he were drunk.
________ had he arrived _______ he had to leave again.so thatbecauseAs becauseaswhatSince as ifNo soonerthanRoses need special care ____ they can live through winter.(2004)
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
the shop doesn’t open until 11 a.m. _____ it loses a lot of business.(2004 spring)
A. for B. or C. but D. so
We are going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us ___ you can meet us there later. (2003)
A. but B. and C. or D. then
John shut everybody out of the kitchen ___ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. (2002)
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
The film brought the hours back to me ___ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.(2001*)
A. until B. that C when D where
A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.(2001)
A. how B after C. what D. when
The WTO cannot live up to its name ___ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.(2000)
A. as long as B. while
C. if D even though
______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After
C. Although D. As soon asyou should make it a rule to leave things ___ you can find them again
A. when B. where
C. then D. there
we’ll have to finish the job, ______.
A. long it takes however
B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes
D. however long it takes1.You have no idea ____ worried I was.
A. how B. however C. that D. where
2. I’ll remember ___ the teacher teaches us.
A. that B. no matter what
C. whatever D. no matter which
3. It looked ___ it was going to snow.
A. as if B. if C. as D. whether
4. We had not gone far ____ we saw a great crowd of people.
A. before B. after C. as soon as D. while
5. _ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more.
A. for B. even C. since D. however 6. ___, he gets angry with her sometimes.
A. although much he likes her C. as he likes her much
B. much although he likes her D. much as he likes her
7. ___ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.
A. having checked B. check
C. If you check D. to check
8. The famous scientist grew up __ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
9. He took an umbrella with him this morning __ he should be caught in the rain.
A. so that B. in order that C. in case D. now that10. It was foolish of you to take a taxi ____ you could easily walk there in 5minutes.
A. before B. till C. so that D. when
11. We don’t doubt ____ he can do a good job.
A. whether B. that C. how D. why
12.The French football team, the last champion of the World Cup, suffered such a defeat ___ the whole world felt very shocked and disappointed.
A. that B. as C. after D. though
13. You can have the magazine ____ I finish reading it.
In the moment B. the moment
C. for the moment D. at the moment