Unit2 Saving the earth Topic 1 I can’t stand the environment here

Unit 2 Saving the world
教学引言
本单元由老奶奶对环境的抱怨，引出关于环境污染的问题，并介绍不同种类的污染。语法内容是继续学习现在完成时，为第二部分的展开提供了前提。
中考要求
重难点词汇： produce, breathe, waste, cancer, influence, several, secretary, relation, fisherman, president, dead, disturb, downstairs, print, chemical factory, pour…..into, be harmful to.
语法：现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for, since引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。
日常交际用语：
- How long have you been like this
- I have been like this since last month.
It’s a beautiful place with flowers and grass.
All the flowers, grass and fish have gone.
It smells terrible.
Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.
It’s our duty to protect the environment.
I have been at this school last year/ for one year.
Noise is a kind of pollution and it’s harmful to our ears.
要点聚焦----本单元重点扫描
课堂小贴1: Oh boy, I can’t stand the environment here.哦孩子，我不能忍受这儿的环境。
【讲解】
Stand+ 名词/ 代词/ 动名词，忍受某人/某事/做某事。如：
The girl is too impolite. We shouldn’t stand him again.
这个女孩太没礼貌了，
I can hardly stand working in an office.我们几乎受不了办公室工作。
【知识点拓展】
Stand sb. / sth. Doing sth. 容忍某人/ 某物做某事。如：
Everyone can’t stand people dropping litter.每个都不能忍受人们乱扔垃圾。
课堂小贴2: - How long have you been like this 你处于这样的状态有多久了？
- I have been like this since last month.自从上个月我一直这样。
【讲解】
How long在此处是“多久、我长时间”的意思，用来提问某段时间，答语通常用for, since引导的时间状语。含此种状语的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
Have been为现在完成时结构。Been为be的过去分词。Since last month从上月起，这表明be这种状态从过去已经开始，一直延续到现在。
【知识点辩析】
1）区别for和since
Since用来说明动作的坡始时间，即从某时间点开始; for 用来说明动作的延续时间长度，即多长时间，时间段。如：
I have lived here for more than ten years. 我住在这儿10多年了。
I have lived here since ten years ago. 我10年前就住在这儿。
2）since 的四种用法：
a. “ since +过去某时间点”,这里时间指具体的年、月、日是、星期几、时等。
He has been here since 2004.他自2004年一直在这儿。
b. “ since+一段时间＋ago”表示“自….时间前开始至今。如：
He has been here since five years ago.他在这儿已有5年了。
c. since + 一般过去时从句。 如：
Many things have changed since you left.你走后许多事情发生了变化。
d. it is + 一段时间 ＋since从句
It is two years since I came here.我来这儿有2年了。
课堂小贴 3: Each year people pour much waste into rivers, lakes and so on.
每年人们往河里和湖里倒进许多废品。
【讲解】
Waste 可作名词，动词，意为“浪费”。
Pour……into, 向……投入…….。 如：
The government has poured millions yuan into the education. 政府在教育上投资数百万元。
【知识点辩析】
作形容词，意为“浪费的、废弃的。”
课堂小贴 4: It’ a beautiful place with flowers and grass.这是一个长满鲜花和小草的美丽的地方。
【讲解】
With, prep. 具有，带有,with flowers and grass作定语，修饰说明place。如：
A book with a green cover 一本有绿色封面的书。
课堂小贴 5: Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.看，有几个化工厂正往河里排放废水。
【讲解】
1. several 几个，等于a few.
2. There be + sth. / sb. +doing sth. 意为“ 有某人或某物正在干……”
如：
There are many people living in the area now.
有许多人现在住在那个小区。
Look! There is a cat climbing a tall tree over there.
看，那边有一只猫正在爬一棵高树。
【知识点拓展】
There be sth./ sb. + to do sth. 有某人/某物/（将要/经常/ 过去）做某事,有做某事的人/物.如:
There are no people to go there. 没有人去那儿.
课堂小贴 6: It’s our duty to protect the environment.保护环境是我们的责任.
【讲解】
It’s one’s duty to do sth. 意为 “ 做某事是我们的责任.
如:
It’s our duty to make our country more beautiful and stronger.
使我们的国家变得更加美丽强大是我们的责任.
课堂小贴 7: However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution, ….
然而,不是所有的人知道噪音也是一种污染,……
【讲解】
1. not all…此结构表示部分否定,意为 “不是所有的……”.如:
Not all of the people are interested in sports. 不是所有的人都对体育感兴趣.
【知识点拓展】
Not both….不是两者都….., not every….不是每一……, all ….not所有的….不都….., both……not两者/ 双方不都….., every…not每个……不都….”等结构都是表示的半否定意思.如:
All the students don’t do well in lessons. 不是所有的学生功课学的都好.
Not all the students do well in lessons.
Both the books aren’t’ interesting. 这两本书不是都有趣.
Not both the books are interesting.
课堂小贴 8: Quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss. 许多生活在机场附件的人们也丧失了听力.
【讲解】
Quite a few许多, 意思相当于many
【知识点拓展】
Quite a little为许多,相当于much.
Very few 几乎没有几个, very little几乎没有一点儿,
Just a few仅仅几个, just a little 仅仅一点儿.
课堂小贴 9: Recently it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do , …近来有报道说美国许多青少年的听力像65岁的老人那样差,…
【讲解】
No better than…. 意思为 “ 同….(几乎)一样(坏), “不比….做得好”, 相当于almost as bad/ badly as….如:
Lucy did no better than Lily in Chinese exam. 露茜和莉莉在语文考试中考的,几乎一样差.
课堂小贴 10: There are many kinds of pollution around us, such as air pollution, light pollution and so on. 在我们周围有许多种污染,诸如空气污染,光污染等等.
【讲解】
Such as 是 “诸如……之类”的意思,用来列举事物,其位置在所列举的事物和前面的名词之间.常和and so on连用,表示 “等等” 之意.如:
We learn many subjects, such as English, math and so on.
我们学习许多课程,就像英语,数学等 .
【知识点拓展】
For example 表示从许多事物中举出一种事物为例.如:
There are different kinds of pollution around us, air pollution, for example.
在我们周围有许多种污染,例如空气污染.