2009年高考英语全国卷II高考语音知识讲解与核心考点预测
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| 名称 | 2009年高考英语全国卷II高考语音知识讲解与核心考点预测 |  | |
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2009年高考英语全国II卷
高考语音知识讲解与核心考点预测
语音知识
第一章 基础英语语音知识（Ⅰ） 字母、音标与读音*ABC
一、学习语音的意义：
语言是交流思想的工具，是有声的。人们通过有声的语言，达到交流思想的目的。英 语语音中的每个音素都有区别词义的作用，发音不准确会导致词义的误解，而且影响单词的准确记忆，同时影响学习的信心。如:把 sheep / i:p/ 读成/ ip/，就会将“绵羊”误解为“轮船”。读音不准确，将crowded误拼为crowed。因此，要想能正确流利地说英语和拼读英文，必须掌握好语音。
二、音标记忆与理解：
48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音，只要熟练地掌握了它们，对学习英语的作用是相当大的。第一、能握简驭繁地把众多的英语单词读准。 第二、英语的音和形有很多相似之处，只要平时注意积累发音规则，就可以达到听其音而知其形，见其形而晓其音。这一点比学汉语容易多了。 既然音标如此重要，那么我们怎样才能结合具体情况，把英语音标学好呢？ 以下方法为你提供了一些关于语音的基础知识，但愿能对大家有所帮助。
（一）如何学音标：
（1）先学好字母音标 。通过唱字母歌已十分熟悉字母的发音了，把这些字母的音标写出来，一方面可以使字母的发音从理性上读得更规范；另一方面，英语音标有感性认识，觉得英语跟汉语一样，也有一套给它们的形注的音。同时，你可以熟练地查字典，运用工具书。
元音字母和辅音字母的分类：
元音字母：a, e,i(y), o, u；
辅音字母：b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z。
26个字母的大小写及发音如下：
Aa /ei/ Bb /bi:/ Cc /si:/ Dd /di:/ Ee /i:/ Ff /ef/ Gg /d i:/ Hh /eit / Ii /ai/ Jj /d ei/
Kk /kei/ Ll /el/ Mm /em/ Nn / en / Oo / u/ Pp /pi:/ Qq / kju:/ Rr /ɑ:/ Ss /es/ Tt /ti:/ Uu /ju:/ Vv /vi:/ Ww /d blju:/ Xx /eks/ Yy /wai/ Zz /zi:/ &/zed/
（2）学国际音标 。首先了解一些基本概念：
字母：语言的书写形式。
音标：词的语音形式。
音素：音的最小的单位。
音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
元音：发音响亮.口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主音。
辅音：发音不响亮.口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。
开音节：
1. 辅音+元音+辅音+'e'. 如：name, like, dome .
2. 辅音+元音. 如： he, go, hi.
闭音节:
1. 辅音+元音+辅音. 如：map, mop, dip.
2. 元音+辅音. 如：it.
重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
三、音标例释
元音：
单元音 短元音 /i/ / / / / /u/ / / / / /e/
长元音 /i:/ / :/ / :/ /u:/ /ɑ:/ / / / /
双元音 /ei/ /ai/ / u/ /au/ / i/ /i / /e / /u /
辅音：
清浊成对辅音 清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ / / /t / /ts/ /tr/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ / / / / /d / /dz/ /dr/
其他辅音 /h/ /m/ /n/ /l/ /r/ /j/ /w/ / /
目的与作用：系统、熟练地掌握英语音标。这个掌握，就是要达到能读、能默写，为后面学单词时随时用，随时拿得出作准备。其直接作用在于：
1、元音发音在名词词首,判断冠词a, an的差别。
2、记住清辅音，对名词变复数，动词变第三人称单数，动词的过去式的读音规则有极好的分辨作用。
3、了解辅音爆破音，对读英语的失去爆破很有帮助。我们可以通过常见的单词来记忆和熟悉各个音标和发音。下面给大家一些参考例子。
1. 元音：(语音重点难点)
1) /i:/ sea, he, see, piece, ceiling, reach, secret, machine, police, key, season, police, please
2) /i/ sit, build, miss, myth, before, begin, bring, chimney, cinema, city, film, hit, ill, dig, fill
3) /e/ bed, desk, head, wet, bell, best, centre, address, clever, get, left, pen, question, neck
4) / / bad, land, bank, stamp, angry, back, candle, accident, carry, dad, bag, map, blank, glad
5) /a:/ car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt, after, dance, glass, hard, half, market, pardon, farm
6) / / cup, come, blood, rough, courage,, hurry, jump, sun, supper, up, just, cut, uncle, such
7) / / hot, want, fond, borrow, clock, drop, cost, copy, along, holiday, modern, opposite, cough
8) / :/ door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught, water, four, draw, small, talk
9) /u:/ who, blue, soup, food, June, zoo, fruit, lose, shoe, choose, noodle, move, noon, group
10) /u/ good, look, book, put, woman, could, would, pull, full, wood, wool, foot, push, sugar
11) / :/ girl, work, serve, nurse, certain, skirt, learn, word, birth, first, worse, journey, turn
12) / / ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday, silver, injure, official, desert
13) /ei/ cake, they, play, eight, great, break, able, baby, game, again, wait, place, way, say
14) /ai/ bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye, child, fine, ice, China, Friday, decide
15) / u/ phone, cold, boat, soul, grow, alone, hold, hole, home, go, open, only, snow, total
16) /au/ house, town, about, out, round, south, cloud, shout, hour, loud, crowd, how, flower
17) / i/ boy, oil, noise, enjoy, join, noisy, toilet, destroy, employ, point, boil, voice, toy, voyage
18) /i / dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, clear, ear, near, serious, museum, hear, pioneer
19) /e / pear, care, there, fair, pair, wear, their, parent, where, chair, air, prepare, spare, area
20) /u / tour, poor, sure, during, tour, cruel, tourist, pure, Europe, poor, sure
2. 容易混淆的元音
1) /e/ / / bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2) /i:/ /ei/ real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3) /e/ /ai/ bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4) /au/ / : / house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud claw
5) /au/ / / found fond; gown gone; doubt dot
3. 辅音
1) /p/ pen, stop, poor, parent
2) /b/ bed, comb, blame
3) /t/ tell, student, it, hit
4) /d/ day, played, wanted
5) /k/ cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept
6) /g/ big, go, guess, language
7) /m/ man, mind, mouth
8) /n/ nine, knife, autumn
9) / / bank, uncle, English, sing,
10) /l/ land, world
11) /r/ read, write,
12) /f/ five, cough, laugh
13) /v/ voice, of
14) /θ/ think, heath, wealth
15) / / this, bathe,with, smooth
16) /s/ sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17) /z/ zoo, close, lose,theirs, zero
18) / / sure, she, social, nation
19) / / pleasure, treasure, mesure
20) /h/ hot, who, house
21) /w/ wall, what, answer
22) /j/ yes, year, yet
23) / t / child, teach, catch
24) /d / joke, bridge,
25) /ts/ boats, students
26) /dz/ goods, clouds
27) /tr/ tree, destroy
28) /dr/ dream
4. 容易混淆的辅音
1) /v/ /w/ vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2) /s/ /θ/ sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3) /z/ / / closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4) /n/ / / thin thing; sin sing; ban bang；win wing; ran rang
5. 读音规则
1) 重读音节 (见单词重音)。
2) 非重读音节 / / banana, student, today, after, / i / orange, secret, evening, very, Monday。
6. 特殊读音
1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。例如：Would you do it I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it last year, this year,
7. 重音：
1)单词重音
A)双音节词：
a) 一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry；
b) 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late；
c) 有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent ； d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词：
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b) 有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated, es'tablishment。
c) 词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective；
d) 词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重
B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况：
a) 实词第二次出现：He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰：I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词：Which book do you want The small one.
d) 感叹词中的：what 和how What a nice day it is! How handsome he is!
e) street 在专有名词中 Peter Street.
f)this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况：
a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。
Do you like it Yes, I do. Are you an instructor Yes, I am.
Can you help me Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a teacher.
b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。
He may come this afternoon. Can it be five already He must be in the room.
c) 介词在句首和句尾。
In the box, she found a letter. She is the person I talked with.
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。
If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。
She couldn't come herself.
【核心提示】★
多听多练，熟能够生巧。注意特殊发音；强调情境理解和思维的灵活性以及反应的敏捷。量与材料要到位。即使是全国II卷的语音题难度并不大。但是又要注意
1．音标不可以认为无意义而忽视，而且我们都知道语言是离不开发音的。熟能生巧。
2．学会音标。它只能作为参考，或在没有其它方法的情况下使用。不能对它产生依赖性。不同地区、不同的人在发音方面都会有所差异，要注意它的变化，提高应变力。
3．先听录音给你读出标准的英语。你千万不能自己先读。如不清楚，用音标作为参考。
4．唯一成功方法是 -- 多听，多模仿，多实践，多体悟。
5．语音的学习和意识的有效运用会促进词汇的记忆能力，也是英语学习的心理上的推动力。
6．语音学习不必受优美动听的语音带来的压力而失去信心。我们可以模仿音调，或是只是为了欣赏，因为有时天生的嗓音决定了一切。但是好听，不意味着英文好。
第二章 基础英语语音知识（II）字母及字母组合的读音规则一览表★★★★★
【考点聚焦】
1、元音字母和元音字母组合的发音；
2、辅音字母和辅音字母组合的发音；
3、转换或派生词的发音；
4、字母的不发音情况；
5、单词附加词尾的读音。
【预测押题】同时，下列所有示例词汇也是对2009届高考的预测。希望大家认真记忆。
一、基本读音规则归纳
1、元音字母的读音：
字母 读音 例 词 规则及位置 例外
Aa /ei/ game plate late trade take spade translate graduateheadache operate liberateage face 在重读或非重读开音节中 have, café / /; vase /a:/; //average baggage cabbage chocolate comrade cottage courage damage fortunately language luggage manage message necklace palace passage private separate(a.) surface village voyage manager savage 此为词汇表中字母a在非重读开音节中读/i/所有单词。
// bag black glad plan thank lamp badly man bag happycapital jacket 在重读闭音节中 any many anything /e/
/a:/ class classmate classroomgrass glass pass passer-byvast past master last fast broadcast staff answer dance plant advance,bath mask task basket 在ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n之前 assistant astonish breakfast / /mass passage passenger grandma manner / /castle fasten /a:/taste waste bathe /ei/
/ / wash wander want wallet what 在w/wh之后 water例外： / : /
/ / allow China machine againcamera vacation vegetable breakfast pleasant magazinewoman 在非重读音节中
Ee /i:/ Chinese these be she we eve complete 在重读开音节中 live、give例外：/ i/
/e/ best letter hen lend neck center invent medicine whether terrible 在重读闭音节中 English, England / i/
/i/ before behind effect careless select develop decide believe research 在弱读音节中
/ / hundred excellent silence problem children open September, sentence 在弱读音节中
/e/ record relative rescue rest restaurant recognize re-前缀为重读音节 recent / i:/
/i/ record, recover refer refuse regard regret relate relation remain remember remind remove repair repeat reply report,republic,research ,respect respond, result, receive, repay re前缀为非重读音节
Ii(y) /ai/ price rise life smile beside polite surprise find nine why while nice 在开音节中 在nd, ld前 forgive give live /i/；police, magazine, machine, technique /i:/
/i/ dig film gift lid miss picture winter children difficult milk thin bridge little it mirror 在闭音节中 find island flight climb child design kind mind wild blind /ai/
/ / holiday possible terrible horrible, impossible 多在ble前
O o / u/ hole home joke no radio smoke motor hold post program whole有的在ld,st前 在重读开音节中 move, movement shoe whose prove lose do improve disapprove /u:/ moment / u/
/ / across box cost common comrade top knock not lot hot pocket song office 在重读闭音节中 most mostly almost post comb cold fold scold both clothes / u/;worry son colour, among, once / /wolf ,woman /u/
/ / come, love some cover brother mother other none在m, n, v前 在开音节中
/ / Official,position,society,freedom second, seldom, tonight, police 在非重读闭音节中
Uu /ju:/ duty huge use university tube Tuesday museum universe pupil student music 在重读开音节中 在开音节中辅音/l//r/后,在l, r, z, 之后读/u:/:true blue June rule 等。此外busybusiness /i/; bury /e/
/ / club cup suffer umbrella lunch Sunday, hurry, suddenly subject uncle brush 在重读闭音节中 truth /u:/
/u/ bullet bulletin cruel full pull put push
/i/ busy business build例外 ui /i/
/u:/ true blue June rule 在l,r,j之后
/ / difficult industry support supply until unless autumn 弱读/非重读闭音节中 minute /i/
Yy /ai/ type satisfy
/i/ pretty beauty
2．元音字母组合
字母 字母组合 位置与读音 例词 例外
a ar /a:/ harm sharp
warm warn（在w后）
ai 重读音节 /ei/ fail pain main against train waiter afraid bargain /i/ said /e/
tain Britain certain curtain /tn/ fountainmountain/tn/ &/tin/
contain obtain /tein/
captain /tin/
al wall ball call fall hall small tall walk chalk talk calm palm half在/f//m/前/ɑ:/shall / /
almost already also although altogether always also salt / :l/
au(gh) / :/ autumn august cause taught caught daughter naughty aunt laugh /ɑ:/
aw / :/ dawn draw law lawyer saw
air, ere,are 重读音节/e / Air affair chair care share share compare glare square there where here merely /i /are aren’t /ɑ:/
ay(ai,ey) 重读音节/ei/ say way delay day may play main may gray/grey said says /e/
非重读音节中/i/ Sunday, Monday holiday valley captain certain Britain中ai发音/ /
e ea /i:/ beat each easily league meat season meantime steal reality /ri' liti/beautiful /'bju:tif l/不发音ocean非重读音节 / /
/e/ bread dead headache sweater heavy, breakfast, health, feather pleasure
/ei/ Great break greatly
/i / idea realize real really theatre area
ear appear beard clear dear ear fear hear near nearly nuclear tear(n.) year /i / heart /ɑ:/
bear pear wear tear (v.) /e /
heard learn early earn earth research search / :/
ee /i:/ see sleep street degree indeed succeed tree coffee /i/
eer /i / engineer deer beer cheer pioneer
er / :/ refer mercy sergeant clerk(Am.E)/a:/
ei /i:/ receive seize ceiling(在/s/后为ei) Foreign /i/either neither height /ai/
/ei/ eight neighbor weigh
ex exact examination examine exhibit exist /igz/
except,excite,exciting,excuse,expensive,experience experiment, explain explode exploit express expression extraordinary extremely expect /iks/
Excellent exercise exhibition expert extra next/eks/
ew few honeydew new news newspaper interview nephew view /ju:/
threw grew crew blew flew drew Jew /u:/
ey 重读音节中/i/ obey hey grey they
非重读音节中/i/ chimney, journey, money, monkey valley, volleyball key /i:/
i ie /i:/ chief, field, thief, believe, piece, achieve, brief convenient convenience/i /& /j / friend /e/
/ai/ die lie tie patient / / handkerchief/i/experience fierce/i /interview review /ju:/
/ai / diet quiet variety science scientific scientist society
ire, ia, io /ai / fire hire inspire tire dialogue pioneer violin diary diamond Russia // period /i/
igh,ig /ai/ Bright flight light night right eyesight sigh sign
ir / :/ first virtue
ire /ai / hire wire
O oa aboard blackboard board broad broadcast / :/ Cupboard / /
boat coal coast goal goat overcoat raincoat road soap throat / u/
oi(y) / i/ boil oil noise voice boy joy toy point enjoy
or / : /order forty; / :/ worm world (在w后); / / visitor conductor
oo 在d,k前 /u/ book cook good football goodbye goods notebook wood wooden(d,k之前读短/u/，长靴子短脚,食物水灾两不同) Blood flood / / foot /u/food root shoot /u:/
/u：/ afternoon,balloon, broom, choose classroom, room, school, smooth soon, spoon, too, tool, tooth, wool, zoo bathroom dinning-room bedroom /u/ poor /u/outdoor(s) floor door / :/
ou /au/ blouse house ground mouth pronounce trousers thousand sound shout mountain cloudy out aloud around Would, wound, should /u/cough / /southern / / anxious /u /
/ / country touch trouble young
/ / famous nervous poisonous
/u:/ group wound route you youth
/ u/ soul shoulder
ough 在t前/ :/ Brought, bought, fought, thought Plough /au/; through /u:/ cough / f/ ;thorough / /
/ u/ though although
our / :/ /au / four, course / :/;hour our /au / tour /u /journey / :/
在词尾/ / colour labour
ow /au/ towel downstairs brown flower down town allow how knowledge / /
/ u/ low, show throw below grow slow window snow know own bowl blow
u ure /ju / cure pure sure surely例外：/u /
/ / pleasure temperature creature future, culture
ui /ju:/ /ju(:)i/ suit suitable suicide build / i /
在l,r,j后 /u:/ /ui/ /u:/fruit juice; /ui/ ruin fluid
ur / :/ nurse burn
3、 辅音字母&辅音字母组合的读音：
辅音字母 位置与读音 例 词 例外
b /b/ bed beg job
bt,mb在词尾时不发音 doubt debt climb tomb bomb
c 在a,o,u,l前/k/ cold climate clean music cat colour cup class， cause cast comfort ocean / /
在e,i,y前/s/ center century city decide bicycle concert percent rice nice
在ia,ie,io前/ / social musician especial ancient sufficient precious delicious
d /d/ desk red handsome handkerchief不发音
dge在词尾/d / bridge judge edge knowledge
f /f/ five beef of /v/
ften/fn/ often soften
g /g/ big give goal glass glad
在e,i,y前/d / age page large language orange giant gym get /g/
h /h/ hand hen behind heavy hour honest exhibition honour forehead不发音
n /n/ Line nine nice spend corner sun winter
在/k/音前/ / thank uncle bank think ink anxious franc hungry wrinkle France /n/ ( /fra:ns/ )
s 尤其在词首:/s/ sit save safely base send
尤其在两个元音字母之间/z/ as besides busy composition desire husband music peasant physics season thousand Thursday visit
在u,ia前/ / / / / /sure,sugar, Russia,Asia,pressure
/ /pleasure usual measure treasure
t / t / ten net
在ia,ie前/ / patient
辅音字母组合的读音
ch(tch) /t / teach child chalk change check channel research China chair reach match patch snatch fetch watch machine moustache/ /sandwich /d /
/k/ school stomach Christmas headache chemical
ck /k/ cock black pick package stick quickly
cc 在a,o,u前/k/ occur soccer tobacco occasion according occupy claim
在e,i,y音前/ks/ Accept accident succeed success
ng 在词尾/ / sing long something thing taking wrong length singer / /Engels / g/strange. passenger orange, engineer/nd /
在词中/ g/ language English anger hunger finger
gh /f/ enough laugh enough rough ghost /g/
在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音 high light height although delight fight night eight straight bought taught neighbor sigh plough
ph /f/ photo phone phrase physics nephew telephone elephant geography
th /θ/ think month breath south earth anything three through fifth thing health healthy worth cloth bath mouth th在词首或词尾，smooth例外：/ /
词尾的the,ther/ /，在虚词（代、冠\介、连词）/ / weather whether father brother southern northern feather neither further another gather breathe bathe clothes with without within this the then than there though (th在词首或词尾) healthy例外：/θ/worthy / /mouths, paths youths baths / z/
wh /w/ why while what white which whether
在o音前/h/ who whole whom whose whole
x /ks/ exhibition explain
在重读章节中元音前/gz/ example exist exhibit
n /n/ winter dance
在/k//g/前/ g/ hungry thank
gn 词尾/n/ sign design foreign
gu 在词首/g/ guess guide guard guest gun
在词中/gw/ language
gue 在词尾/g/ dialogue league tougue 不发音
kn 在词首/n/ know knock knowledge knife knee
mn 在词尾/n/ autumn column
在词中/mn/ gymnast, gymnastics, gymnasium
qu 在词首 /kw/ quite quick quiet question queen
que 在词尾/k/ unique cheque technique
ssion / n/ expression discussion possession
sion / n/ decision television revision conclusion
tion / n/ education direction situation station nation
在/s/音后/t n/ question suggestion
sc 在a,o,u前/sk/ describe escape rescue scold scream scale score scarf
在i,e,y前/s/ scene science
sh / / ash ashamed bush dish finish fish
sten /sn/ listen fasten
stle /sl/ whistle castle
ture /t / picture lecture temperature
wr 在o前/h/ who whom whose whole
4、-r音节的读音
-r音节 读音 例词 例外
ar /ɑ:/ car farm card party hard March article market pardon bookmark warm toward war warn/ :/ ward reward / /
er / :/ perfect iceberg her term serve certain verb person German refer clerk 美语中读 /ɑ:/
ir / :/ Girl dirty first bird circle firm sir thirst
or / :/ horse morning storm sport forty force order corner important normal 在W后读/ :/，如：work worker word worse worst
ur / :/ church curtain nurse turn Thursday return fur further burst purse hurt surface purpose disturb hurry / /
ar,er,orur非重读音节 / / worker waiter driver forbid mirror murder surround surprise particular energy comfort concert effort grammar popular forward backward permit forget
5、单词附加词尾的读音
词尾 位置 读音 例词
(e)s 清辅音后 /s/ desks lamps looks makes
浊辅音或元音后 /z/ pigs tomatoes plays radios
/t//d/后 /ts//dz/ Students parents beds reads
es / /,/t /,/s/,/z/,/d /后 /iz/ Washes boxes buses guesses taxes pages teaches houses noses roses
ed 清辅音后 /t/ walked jumped missed washed
浊辅音或元音后 /d/ played called copied
/t//d/后 /id/ landed wanted needed trusted
ing /i / telling leaving doing practicing
6、．易错常考的音的脱落现象的单词
不发音的字母 例词
l would, should, could, folk
b comb, climb(er), tomb, debt, doubt
t Christmas, often, whistle, listen, watch
w sword, answer, wrong, write, wrap
d handsome, Wednesday, handkerchief
k know, knee, knife, knock
u build, guess, guide, tongue, league
g, gh foreign, sing, sight, eight, neighbour, weigh
n autumn, column
h Beethoven, Thames, exhibition, forehead, hour, hounour
o, a, e reason, people, season, hospital, capital,travel, sudden(ly), present
ai, i, s curtain, business, island
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
二、语音测试中常考和易错的单词：（单词拼写也侧重考查发音不规则、含双写字母、词形变化不规则的、根据发音易拼错的词汇）
1、/ei/
a：tale cave nature headache operate translate graduate danger change celebrate liberate classmate centigrade liberation
ai：failure straight sail explain remain
ay：day ray pay play delay
ea：break great
ei：neighbour weight eight
2、/i:/
e：frequently fever metre recent complete evening scene reread immediately secret
ie：believe field piece achieve thief
ei：ceiling receive
i：magazine police machine
ea：beast breathe reading ocean peace scream European increase
3、/ai/
i：flight wild satellite hide silence design lively biology ninth apologize silent tiny
ei：either height
4、/ u /
o：robot gold post comb soldier suppose only won’t clothes control progress motor ocean stove stone
ow：arrow known flown grown flow bowl hollow show blow grow
ou：shoulder soul although
oa：throat coast
5、/ju:/
u：pupil student tube
6、/ /
a：capital natural naturally taxi Japan practice cattle candle ant translate Japanese canal national
7、/e/
ai (ay)：said says
e：envelope develop merry whether unless secretary explanation reject
ea：measure heavy bread head breath sweat weather meant feather treasure
health deaf
a：ate any many
8、/i/
i：universe children technical notice hidden prison living opposite silver
e：depend elect mathematics explain forest electricity event especial entire object pretty
a：message package climate courage manage village language surface palace comrade savage necklace orange
o：women
u：minute busy business
ai：mountain captain
ei：foreign
9、/ /
o：solid office topic biology concert wrong onto foreign along common strong lost obvious object dollar cloth forehead forest politics modern honour probably promise
a：want wander wash watch wallet what
ar：quarrel
or：sorry borrow tomorrow sorrow
10、//
o：worry month government once tongue dozen wonder love come
ou：double country trouble courage cousin southern touch
11、/ :/
a：salt also always almost water
al：talk walk chalk wall ball
ou：thought bought fought brought
our：mourn pour four course
aw：saw law lawyer
ar：warm warn
au (gh) ：caught naughty autumn cause taught daughter astronaut
or, oor：door torn form worn forward floor
12、/u:/
ou：wounded route youth group soup route
oo：loose fool boot balloon food cool school tooth smooth pool moon choose
o：prove move
13、/ :/
er：refer person
or：worse worthy worm word worst worship work world
ear：earth research early learn
ur：church burst curtain fur
14、/a:/
a：rather grant basket example chance vase advanced France
au：aunt laugh
15、/u/
o：wolf woman
u：push pull sugar
oo：foot cook wood childhood good took look shook stood hook
oul：should would
16、//
o：Europe obey pollution observe develop political
i：possible terrible holiday beautiful
a：allow peasant servant library material breakfast Japan Japanese
u：success support succeed suggest supply suppose industry upon minus
17、/au/
ou：found founded round sounded trousers count south pronounce announce
ow：crowd town now cow blown flower
augh：plaugh
18、/i/
ear：spear fear dear hear tear（n.）clear disappear
ea：realize theatre really real
eo：theory
er：serious material period zero
19、/e /
are：glare care dare stare
ere：where there therefore
ear：wear bear tear（v.）
ar：parent various Mary
air：fair affair pair
20、/ai /
ie：quiet society science diet scientific scientist
ire：empire entire tiresome
io：violin lion pioneer
ia：diary diamond dialogue
21、/s/
s：this writes sew research promise it’s newspaper hospital loose mouse horse course close（adj.）worse coughs mouths stomachs house horse loose course promise
c：medicine society voice advice price silence decision except
22、/z/
s：news Thursday his goes reads mothers as husband raise physical cousin resist lose noise otherwise position possess nose cause newsreel lungs telegrams stones desert design wise robs houses season composition clothes close（v.）
23、//
th：thing breath method maths wealth healthy worth south strength three through cloth birth bath youth mouth path
24、/ /
th：they this that without gather mother father breathe neither smooth southern worthy baths youths mouths paths / z/
25、/t/
ed：missed asked watched practised reduced advanced wiped blocked stepped marched
26、/d/
ed：filled recognized whispered hugged changed robbed
27、/k/
ch：stomach character chemical technology headache technical technique chemist
28、/t/
ch：church chain chest cheerful charge check change achieve research
t (ion) ：question suggestion
tu：century natural fortunate
29、//
ch：machine moustache
sh：shoe shallow shirt wash
s (s) ：sure sugar Asia expression permission
c：special ocean musician official
t (ion) ：liberation pollution graduation
30、/f/
gh：cough enough tough photo telegraph
31、/eks/
ex：exhibition exercise expert extra explanation excellent
32、/iks/
ex：explain expect exchange express experience excuse expensive
33、/igz/
ex：exact exist example examine
34、/ /
n：trunk language bank anxious ink think rank donkey
finger hungry English handkerchief
ng：tongue long strong sing
35、/ /
s：pleasure conclusion television decision revision usually
36、/ × / 字母不发音:
（1）b：comb tomb debt climb
（2）h：honest hour forehead exhibition
（3）w：wrong write answer sword wrap
（4）t：often listen whistle Christmas listen
（5）d：Wednesday handsome handkerchief
★【焦点特例记忆】★
say, says /ai/ ; foot /u/ food boot/u:/; nature/ei/ natural / /; nation/ei/, national/ /;
room /u:/,classroom/u/; know/ u/,knowledge/ /;mean /i:/,meant/e/; hear /i / heard/ :/;
exhibit/igz/. exhibition/eks/;youth /ju:/, young/ /; bathe/ei /, bath/ɑ:θ/; bury/e/, busy/i/; great/ei/, break/ei/; cloth/ θ/, clothes/ u /, clothing/ u /; north/θ/,northern/ /; use N. /s/&V. /z/, useful/s/; south/auθ/, southern/ /; woman/u/,women/i/;
house/s/, houses/ziz/;path/θ/, paths/ z/,; mouth/θ/, mouths/ z/; sing/i / singer/i /;
show / u/, shower /au/; idea, real, really /i /; friend/e/, thief /i:/;
water/ :/ , what/ /,wash/ /,want/ /, watch/ /; pull \full \put/u/;blood, flood/ /,poor/u /; any, many/e/ ;mayor/e/; English /i/, of/v/;
Silent letter (注：划线的字母是不发音字母):
climb\ comb\ tomb； knee \know knife；hour\ honest\honour；listen\ whistle
handsome\ Wednesday\sandwich；wrong；muscle；island
¤人生箴言㊣
Proverbs are the daughters of daily experience.谚语是日常经验的结晶。
Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
¤人生箴言㊣
¤人生箴言㊣
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
¤人生箴言㊣
A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功半。
A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。
¤人生箴言㊣
A little body often harbors a great soul.浓缩的都是精品。
¤人生箴言㊣
A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.一本好书，相伴一生。
Wisdom is the guide and light of life.理智是人生的向导和光辉。
¤人生箴言㊣
A great talker is a great liar.说大话者多谎言。
¤人生箴言㊣
¤人生箴言㊣
A good fame is better than a good face.美名胜过美貌。
¤人生箴言㊣
Every day of thy life is a leaf in your history.自己的历史自己写。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
¤人生箴言㊣
21世纪教育网 -- 中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。 版权所有@21世纪教育网
2009年高考英语全国II卷
高考语音知识讲解与核心考点预测
语音知识
第一章 基础英语语音知识（Ⅰ） 字母、音标与读音*ABC
一、学习语音的意义：
语言是交流思想的工具，是有声的。人们通过有声的语言，达到交流思想的目的。英 语语音中的每个音素都有区别词义的作用，发音不准确会导致词义的误解，而且影响单词的准确记忆，同时影响学习的信心。如:把 sheep / i:p/ 读成/ ip/，就会将“绵羊”误解为“轮船”。读音不准确，将crowded误拼为crowed。因此，要想能正确流利地说英语和拼读英文，必须掌握好语音。
二、音标记忆与理解：
48个英语音标犹如60个汉语拼音，只要熟练地掌握了它们，对学习英语的作用是相当大的。第一、能握简驭繁地把众多的英语单词读准。 第二、英语的音和形有很多相似之处，只要平时注意积累发音规则，就可以达到听其音而知其形，见其形而晓其音。这一点比学汉语容易多了。 既然音标如此重要，那么我们怎样才能结合具体情况，把英语音标学好呢？ 以下方法为你提供了一些关于语音的基础知识，但愿能对大家有所帮助。
（一）如何学音标：
（1）先学好字母音标 。通过唱字母歌已十分熟悉字母的发音了，把这些字母的音标写出来，一方面可以使字母的发音从理性上读得更规范；另一方面，英语音标有感性认识，觉得英语跟汉语一样，也有一套给它们的形注的音。同时，你可以熟练地查字典，运用工具书。
元音字母和辅音字母的分类：
元音字母：a, e,i(y), o, u；
辅音字母：b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z。
26个字母的大小写及发音如下：
Aa /ei/ Bb /bi:/ Cc /si:/ Dd /di:/ Ee /i:/ Ff /ef/ Gg /d i:/ Hh /eit / Ii /ai/ Jj /d ei/
Kk /kei/ Ll /el/ Mm /em/ Nn / en / Oo / u/ Pp /pi:/ Qq / kju:/ Rr /ɑ:/ Ss /es/ Tt /ti:/ Uu /ju:/ Vv /vi:/ Ww /d blju:/ Xx /eks/ Yy /wai/ Zz /zi:/ &/zed/
（2）学国际音标 。首先了解一些基本概念：
字母：语言的书写形式。
音标：词的语音形式。
音素：音的最小的单位。
音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。
元音：发音响亮.口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主音。
辅音：发音不响亮.口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。
开音节：
1. 辅音+元音+辅音+'e'. 如：name, like, dome .
2. 辅音+元音. 如： he, go, hi.
闭音节:
1. 辅音+元音+辅音. 如：map, mop, dip.
2. 元音+辅音. 如：it.
重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
三、音标例释
元音：
单元音 短元音 /i/ / / / / /u/ / / / / /e/
长元音 /i:/ / :/ / :/ /u:/ /ɑ:/ / / / /
双元音 /ei/ /ai/ / u/ /au/ / i/ /i / /e / /u /
辅音：
清浊成对辅音 清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /θ/ / / /t / /ts/ /tr/
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ / / / / /d / /dz/ /dr/
其他辅音 /h/ /m/ /n/ /l/ /r/ /j/ /w/ / /
目的与作用：系统、熟练地掌握英语音标。这个掌握，就是要达到能读、能默写，为后面学单词时随时用，随时拿得出作准备。其直接作用在于：
1、元音发音在名词词首,判断冠词a, an的差别。
2、记住清辅音，对名词变复数，动词变第三人称单数，动词的过去式的读音规则有极好的分辨作用。
3、了解辅音爆破音，对读英语的失去爆破很有帮助。我们可以通过常见的单词来记忆和熟悉各个音标和发音。下面给大家一些参考例子。
1. 元音：(语音重点难点)
1) /i:/ sea, he, see, piece, ceiling, reach, secret, machine, police, key, season, police, please
2) /i/ sit, build, miss, myth, before, begin, bring, chimney, cinema, city, film, hit, ill, dig, fill
3) /e/ bed, desk, head, wet, bell, best, centre, address, clever, get, left, pen, question, neck
4) / / bad, land, bank, stamp, angry, back, candle, accident, carry, dad, bag, map, blank, glad
5) /a:/ car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt, after, dance, glass, hard, half, market, pardon, farm
6) / / cup, come, blood, rough, courage,, hurry, jump, sun, supper, up, just, cut, uncle, such
7) / / hot, want, fond, borrow, clock, drop, cost, copy, along, holiday, modern, opposite, cough
8) / :/ door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught, water, four, draw, small, talk
9) /u:/ who, blue, soup, food, June, zoo, fruit, lose, shoe, choose, noodle, move, noon, group
10) /u/ good, look, book, put, woman, could, would, pull, full, wood, wool, foot, push, sugar
11) / :/ girl, work, serve, nurse, certain, skirt, learn, word, birth, first, worse, journey, turn
12) / / ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday, silver, injure, official, desert
13) /ei/ cake, they, play, eight, great, break, able, baby, game, again, wait, place, way, say
14) /ai/ bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye, child, fine, ice, China, Friday, decide
15) / u/ phone, cold, boat, soul, grow, alone, hold, hole, home, go, open, only, snow, total
16) /au/ house, town, about, out, round, south, cloud, shout, hour, loud, crowd, how, flower
17) / i/ boy, oil, noise, enjoy, join, noisy, toilet, destroy, employ, point, boil, voice, toy, voyage
18) /i / dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, clear, ear, near, serious, museum, hear, pioneer
19) /e / pear, care, there, fair, pair, wear, their, parent, where, chair, air, prepare, spare, area
20) /u / tour, poor, sure, during, tour, cruel, tourist, pure, Europe, poor, sure
2. 容易混淆的元音
1) /e/ / / bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2) /i:/ /ei/ real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3) /e/ /ai/ bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4) /au/ / : / house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud claw
5) /au/ / / found fond; gown gone; doubt dot
3. 辅音
1) /p/ pen, stop, poor, parent
2) /b/ bed, comb, blame
3) /t/ tell, student, it, hit
4) /d/ day, played, wanted
5) /k/ cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept
6) /g/ big, go, guess, language
7) /m/ man, mind, mouth
8) /n/ nine, knife, autumn
9) / / bank, uncle, English, sing,
10) /l/ land, world
11) /r/ read, write,
12) /f/ five, cough, laugh
13) /v/ voice, of
14) /θ/ think, heath, wealth
15) / / this, bathe,with, smooth
16) /s/ sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17) /z/ zoo, close, lose,theirs, zero
18) / / sure, she, social, nation
19) / / pleasure, treasure, mesure
20) /h/ hot, who, house
21) /w/ wall, what, answer
22) /j/ yes, year, yet
23) / t / child, teach, catch
24) /d / joke, bridge,
25) /ts/ boats, students
26) /dz/ goods, clouds
27) /tr/ tree, destroy
28) /dr/ dream
4. 容易混淆的辅音
1) /v/ /w/ vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2) /s/ /θ/ sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3) /z/ / / closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4) /n/ / / thin thing; sin sing; ban bang；win wing; ran rang
5. 读音规则
1) 重读音节 (见单词重音)。
2) 非重读音节 / / banana, student, today, after, / i / orange, secret, evening, very, Monday。
6. 特殊读音
1）音的连读：前面的词以元辅音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2）失去爆破：辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等，前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3）音的同化：两个特殊的音碰到一起，会发出变异成特殊的音。例如：Would you do it I am glad to meet you. Can't you see it last year, this year,
7. 重音：
1)单词重音
A)双音节词：
a) 一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry；
b) 有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss, im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late；
c) 有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent ； d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音节词：
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b) 有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated, es'tablishment。
c) 词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective；
d) 词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重
B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。
C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be
D) 实词不重读的特殊情况：
a) 实词第二次出现：He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰：I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替词：Which book do you want The small one.
d) 感叹词中的：what 和how What a nice day it is! How handsome he is!
e) street 在专有名词中 Peter Street.
f)this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/evening
E)虚词重读的特殊情况：
a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。
Do you like it Yes, I do. Are you an instructor Yes, I am.
Can you help me Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a teacher.
b) 情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。
He may come this afternoon. Can it be five already He must be in the room.
c) 介词在句首和句尾。
In the box, she found a letter. She is the person I talked with.
d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。
If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e)反身代词表示强调。
She couldn't come herself.
【核心提示】★
多听多练，熟能够生巧。注意特殊发音；强调情境理解和思维的灵活性以及反应的敏捷。量与材料要到位。即使是全国II卷的语音题难度并不大。但是又要注意
1．音标不可以认为无意义而忽视，而且我们都知道语言是离不开发音的。熟能生巧。
2．学会音标。它只能作为参考，或在没有其它方法的情况下使用。不能对它产生依赖性。不同地区、不同的人在发音方面都会有所差异，要注意它的变化，提高应变力。
3．先听录音给你读出标准的英语。你千万不能自己先读。如不清楚，用音标作为参考。
4．唯一成功方法是 -- 多听，多模仿，多实践，多体悟。
5．语音的学习和意识的有效运用会促进词汇的记忆能力，也是英语学习的心理上的推动力。
6．语音学习不必受优美动听的语音带来的压力而失去信心。我们可以模仿音调，或是只是为了欣赏，因为有时天生的嗓音决定了一切。但是好听，不意味着英文好。
第二章 基础英语语音知识（II）字母及字母组合的读音规则一览表★★★★★
【考点聚焦】
1、元音字母和元音字母组合的发音；
2、辅音字母和辅音字母组合的发音；
3、转换或派生词的发音；
4、字母的不发音情况；
5、单词附加词尾的读音。
【预测押题】同时，下列所有示例词汇也是对2009届高考的预测。希望大家认真记忆。
一、基本读音规则归纳
1、元音字母的读音：
字母 读音 例 词 规则及位置 例外
Aa /ei/ game plate late trade take spade translate graduateheadache operate liberateage face 在重读或非重读开音节中 have, café / /; vase /a:/; //average baggage cabbage chocolate comrade cottage courage damage fortunately language luggage manage message necklace palace passage private separate(a.) surface village voyage manager savage 此为词汇表中字母a在非重读开音节中读/i/所有单词。
// bag black glad plan thank lamp badly man bag happycapital jacket 在重读闭音节中 any many anything /e/
/a:/ class classmate classroomgrass glass pass passer-byvast past master last fast broadcast staff answer dance plant advance,bath mask task basket 在ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n之前 assistant astonish breakfast / /mass passage passenger grandma manner / /castle fasten /a:/taste waste bathe /ei/
/ / wash wander want wallet what 在w/wh之后 water例外： / : /
/ / allow China machine againcamera vacation vegetable breakfast pleasant magazinewoman 在非重读音节中
Ee /i:/ Chinese these be she we eve complete 在重读开音节中 live、give例外：/ i/
/e/ best letter hen lend neck center invent medicine whether terrible 在重读闭音节中 English, England / i/
/i/ before behind effect careless select develop decide believe research 在弱读音节中
/ / hundred excellent silence problem children open September, sentence 在弱读音节中
/e/ record relative rescue rest restaurant recognize re-前缀为重读音节 recent / i:/
/i/ record, recover refer refuse regard regret relate relation remain remember remind remove repair repeat reply report,republic,research ,respect respond, result, receive, repay re前缀为非重读音节
Ii(y) /ai/ price rise life smile beside polite surprise find nine why while nice 在开音节中 在nd, ld前 forgive give live /i/；police, magazine, machine, technique /i:/
/i/ dig film gift lid miss picture winter children difficult milk thin bridge little it mirror 在闭音节中 find island flight climb child design kind mind wild blind /ai/
/ / holiday possible terrible horrible, impossible 多在ble前
O o / u/ hole home joke no radio smoke motor hold post program whole有的在ld,st前 在重读开音节中 move, movement shoe whose prove lose do improve disapprove /u:/ moment / u/
/ / across box cost common comrade top knock not lot hot pocket song office 在重读闭音节中 most mostly almost post comb cold fold scold both clothes / u/;worry son colour, among, once / /wolf ,woman /u/
/ / come, love some cover brother mother other none在m, n, v前 在开音节中
/ / Official,position,society,freedom second, seldom, tonight, police 在非重读闭音节中
Uu /ju:/ duty huge use university tube Tuesday museum universe pupil student music 在重读开音节中 在开音节中辅音/l//r/后,在l, r, z, 之后读/u:/:true blue June rule 等。此外busybusiness /i/; bury /e/
/ / club cup suffer umbrella lunch Sunday, hurry, suddenly subject uncle brush 在重读闭音节中 truth /u:/
/u/ bullet bulletin cruel full pull put push
/i/ busy business build例外 ui /i/
/u:/ true blue June rule 在l,r,j之后
/ / difficult industry support supply until unless autumn 弱读/非重读闭音节中 minute /i/
Yy /ai/ type satisfy
/i/ pretty beauty
2．元音字母组合
字母 字母组合 位置与读音 例词 例外
a ar /a:/ harm sharp
warm warn（在w后）
ai 重读音节 /ei/ fail pain main against train waiter afraid bargain /i/ said /e/
tain Britain certain curtain /tn/ fountainmountain/tn/ &/tin/
contain obtain /tein/
captain /tin/
al wall ball call fall hall small tall walk chalk talk calm palm half在/f//m/前/ɑ:/shall / /
almost already also although altogether always also salt / :l/
au(gh) / :/ autumn august cause taught caught daughter naughty aunt laugh /ɑ:/
aw / :/ dawn draw law lawyer saw
air, ere,are 重读音节/e / Air affair chair care share share compare glare square there where here merely /i /are aren’t /ɑ:/
ay(ai,ey) 重读音节/ei/ say way delay day may play main may gray/grey said says /e/
非重读音节中/i/ Sunday, Monday holiday valley captain certain Britain中ai发音/ /
e ea /i:/ beat each easily league meat season meantime steal reality /ri' liti/beautiful /'bju:tif l/不发音ocean非重读音节 / /
/e/ bread dead headache sweater heavy, breakfast, health, feather pleasure
/ei/ Great break greatly
/i / idea realize real really theatre area
ear appear beard clear dear ear fear hear near nearly nuclear tear(n.) year /i / heart /ɑ:/
bear pear wear tear (v.) /e /
heard learn early earn earth research search / :/
ee /i:/ see sleep street degree indeed succeed tree coffee /i/
eer /i / engineer deer beer cheer pioneer
er / :/ refer mercy sergeant clerk(Am.E)/a:/
ei /i:/ receive seize ceiling(在/s/后为ei) Foreign /i/either neither height /ai/
/ei/ eight neighbor weigh
ex exact examination examine exhibit exist /igz/
except,excite,exciting,excuse,expensive,experience experiment, explain explode exploit express expression extraordinary extremely expect /iks/
Excellent exercise exhibition expert extra next/eks/
ew few honeydew new news newspaper interview nephew view /ju:/
threw grew crew blew flew drew Jew /u:/
ey 重读音节中/i/ obey hey grey they
非重读音节中/i/ chimney, journey, money, monkey valley, volleyball key /i:/
i ie /i:/ chief, field, thief, believe, piece, achieve, brief convenient convenience/i /& /j / friend /e/
/ai/ die lie tie patient / / handkerchief/i/experience fierce/i /interview review /ju:/
/ai / diet quiet variety science scientific scientist society
ire, ia, io /ai / fire hire inspire tire dialogue pioneer violin diary diamond Russia // period /i/
igh,ig /ai/ Bright flight light night right eyesight sigh sign
ir / :/ first virtue
ire /ai / hire wire
O oa aboard blackboard board broad broadcast / :/ Cupboard / /
boat coal coast goal goat overcoat raincoat road soap throat / u/
oi(y) / i/ boil oil noise voice boy joy toy point enjoy
or / : /order forty; / :/ worm world (在w后); / / visitor conductor
oo 在d,k前 /u/ book cook good football goodbye goods notebook wood wooden(d,k之前读短/u/，长靴子短脚,食物水灾两不同) Blood flood / / foot /u/food root shoot /u:/
/u：/ afternoon,balloon, broom, choose classroom, room, school, smooth soon, spoon, too, tool, tooth, wool, zoo bathroom dinning-room bedroom /u/ poor /u/outdoor(s) floor door / :/
ou /au/ blouse house ground mouth pronounce trousers thousand sound shout mountain cloudy out aloud around Would, wound, should /u/cough / /southern / / anxious /u /
/ / country touch trouble young
/ / famous nervous poisonous
/u:/ group wound route you youth
/ u/ soul shoulder
ough 在t前/ :/ Brought, bought, fought, thought Plough /au/; through /u:/ cough / f/ ;thorough / /
/ u/ though although
our / :/ /au / four, course / :/;hour our /au / tour /u /journey / :/
在词尾/ / colour labour
ow /au/ towel downstairs brown flower down town allow how knowledge / /
/ u/ low, show throw below grow slow window snow know own bowl blow
u ure /ju / cure pure sure surely例外：/u /
/ / pleasure temperature creature future, culture
ui /ju:/ /ju(:)i/ suit suitable suicide build / i /
在l,r,j后 /u:/ /ui/ /u:/fruit juice; /ui/ ruin fluid
ur / :/ nurse burn
3、 辅音字母&辅音字母组合的读音：
辅音字母 位置与读音 例 词 例外
b /b/ bed beg job
bt,mb在词尾时不发音 doubt debt climb tomb bomb
c 在a,o,u,l前/k/ cold climate clean music cat colour cup class， cause cast comfort ocean / /
在e,i,y前/s/ center century city decide bicycle concert percent rice nice
在ia,ie,io前/ / social musician especial ancient sufficient precious delicious
d /d/ desk red handsome handkerchief不发音
dge在词尾/d / bridge judge edge knowledge
f /f/ five beef of /v/
ften/fn/ often soften
g /g/ big give goal glass glad
在e,i,y前/d / age page large language orange giant gym get /g/
h /h/ hand hen behind heavy hour honest exhibition honour forehead不发音
n /n/ Line nine nice spend corner sun winter
在/k/音前/ / thank uncle bank think ink anxious franc hungry wrinkle France /n/ ( /fra:ns/ )
s 尤其在词首:/s/ sit save safely base send
尤其在两个元音字母之间/z/ as besides busy composition desire husband music peasant physics season thousand Thursday visit
在u,ia前/ / / / / /sure,sugar, Russia,Asia,pressure
/ /pleasure usual measure treasure
t / t / ten net
在ia,ie前/ / patient
辅音字母组合的读音
ch(tch) /t / teach child chalk change check channel research China chair reach match patch snatch fetch watch machine moustache/ /sandwich /d /
/k/ school stomach Christmas headache chemical
ck /k/ cock black pick package stick quickly
cc 在a,o,u前/k/ occur soccer tobacco occasion according occupy claim
在e,i,y音前/ks/ Accept accident succeed success
ng 在词尾/ / sing long something thing taking wrong length singer / /Engels / g/strange. passenger orange, engineer/nd /
在词中/ g/ language English anger hunger finger
gh /f/ enough laugh enough rough ghost /g/
在i,ei,ai,ou,au后不发音 high light height although delight fight night eight straight bought taught neighbor sigh plough
ph /f/ photo phone phrase physics nephew telephone elephant geography
th /θ/ think month breath south earth anything three through fifth thing health healthy worth cloth bath mouth th在词首或词尾，smooth例外：/ /
词尾的the,ther/ /，在虚词（代、冠\介、连词）/ / weather whether father brother southern northern feather neither further another gather breathe bathe clothes with without within this the then than there though (th在词首或词尾) healthy例外：/θ/worthy / /mouths, paths youths baths / z/
wh /w/ why while what white which whether
在o音前/h/ who whole whom whose whole
x /ks/ exhibition explain
在重读章节中元音前/gz/ example exist exhibit
n /n/ winter dance
在/k//g/前/ g/ hungry thank
gn 词尾/n/ sign design foreign
gu 在词首/g/ guess guide guard guest gun
在词中/gw/ language
gue 在词尾/g/ dialogue league tougue 不发音
kn 在词首/n/ know knock knowledge knife knee
mn 在词尾/n/ autumn column
在词中/mn/ gymnast, gymnastics, gymnasium
qu 在词首 /kw/ quite quick quiet question queen
que 在词尾/k/ unique cheque technique
ssion / n/ expression discussion possession
sion / n/ decision television revision conclusion
tion / n/ education direction situation station nation
在/s/音后/t n/ question suggestion
sc 在a,o,u前/sk/ describe escape rescue scold scream scale score scarf
在i,e,y前/s/ scene science
sh / / ash ashamed bush dish finish fish
sten /sn/ listen fasten
stle /sl/ whistle castle
ture /t / picture lecture temperature
wr 在o前/h/ who whom whose whole
4、-r音节的读音
-r音节 读音 例词 例外
ar /ɑ:/ car farm card party hard March article market pardon bookmark warm toward war warn/ :/ ward reward / /
er / :/ perfect iceberg her term serve certain verb person German refer clerk 美语中读 /ɑ:/
ir / :/ Girl dirty first bird circle firm sir thirst
or / :/ horse morning storm sport forty force order corner important normal 在W后读/ :/，如：work worker word worse worst
ur / :/ church curtain nurse turn Thursday return fur further burst purse hurt surface purpose disturb hurry / /
ar,er,orur非重读音节 / / worker waiter driver forbid mirror murder surround surprise particular energy comfort concert effort grammar popular forward backward permit forget
5、单词附加词尾的读音
词尾 位置 读音 例词
(e)s 清辅音后 /s/ desks lamps looks makes
浊辅音或元音后 /z/ pigs tomatoes plays radios
/t//d/后 /ts//dz/ Students parents beds reads
es / /,/t /,/s/,/z/,/d /后 /iz/ Washes boxes buses guesses taxes pages teaches houses noses roses
ed 清辅音后 /t/ walked jumped missed washed
浊辅音或元音后 /d/ played called copied
/t//d/后 /id/ landed wanted needed trusted
ing /i / telling leaving doing practicing
6、．易错常考的音的脱落现象的单词
不发音的字母 例词
l would, should, could, folk
b comb, climb(er), tomb, debt, doubt
t Christmas, often, whistle, listen, watch
w sword, answer, wrong, write, wrap
d handsome, Wednesday, handkerchief
k know, knee, knife, knock
u build, guess, guide, tongue, league
g, gh foreign, sing, sight, eight, neighbour, weigh
n autumn, column
h Beethoven, Thames, exhibition, forehead, hour, hounour
o, a, e reason, people, season, hospital, capital,travel, sudden(ly), present
ai, i, s curtain, business, island
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
二、语音测试中常考和易错的单词：（单词拼写也侧重考查发音不规则、含双写字母、词形变化不规则的、根据发音易拼错的词汇）
1、/ei/
a：tale cave nature headache operate translate graduate danger change celebrate liberate classmate centigrade liberation
ai：failure straight sail explain remain
ay：day ray pay play delay
ea：break great
ei：neighbour weight eight
2、/i:/
e：frequently fever metre recent complete evening scene reread immediately secret
ie：believe field piece achieve thief
ei：ceiling receive
i：magazine police machine
ea：beast breathe reading ocean peace scream European increase
3、/ai/
i：flight wild satellite hide silence design lively biology ninth apologize silent tiny
ei：either height
4、/ u /
o：robot gold post comb soldier suppose only won’t clothes control progress motor ocean stove stone
ow：arrow known flown grown flow bowl hollow show blow grow
ou：shoulder soul although
oa：throat coast
5、/ju:/
u：pupil student tube
6、/ /
a：capital natural naturally taxi Japan practice cattle candle ant translate Japanese canal national
7、/e/
ai (ay)：said says
e：envelope develop merry whether unless secretary explanation reject
ea：measure heavy bread head breath sweat weather meant feather treasure
health deaf
a：ate any many
8、/i/
i：universe children technical notice hidden prison living opposite silver
e：depend elect mathematics explain forest electricity event especial entire object pretty
a：message package climate courage manage village language surface palace comrade savage necklace orange
o：women
u：minute busy business
ai：mountain captain
ei：foreign
9、/ /
o：solid office topic biology concert wrong onto foreign along common strong lost obvious object dollar cloth forehead forest politics modern honour probably promise
a：want wander wash watch wallet what
ar：quarrel
or：sorry borrow tomorrow sorrow
10、//
o：worry month government once tongue dozen wonder love come
ou：double country trouble courage cousin southern touch
11、/ :/
a：salt also always almost water
al：talk walk chalk wall ball
ou：thought bought fought brought
our：mourn pour four course
aw：saw law lawyer
ar：warm warn
au (gh) ：caught naughty autumn cause taught daughter astronaut
or, oor：door torn form worn forward floor
12、/u:/
ou：wounded route youth group soup route
oo：loose fool boot balloon food cool school tooth smooth pool moon choose
o：prove move
13、/ :/
er：refer person
or：worse worthy worm word worst worship work world
ear：earth research early learn
ur：church burst curtain fur
14、/a:/
a：rather grant basket example chance vase advanced France
au：aunt laugh
15、/u/
o：wolf woman
u：push pull sugar
oo：foot cook wood childhood good took look shook stood hook
oul：should would
16、//
o：Europe obey pollution observe develop political
i：possible terrible holiday beautiful
a：allow peasant servant library material breakfast Japan Japanese
u：success support succeed suggest supply suppose industry upon minus
17、/au/
ou：found founded round sounded trousers count south pronounce announce
ow：crowd town now cow blown flower
augh：plaugh
18、/i/
ear：spear fear dear hear tear（n.）clear disappear
ea：realize theatre really real
eo：theory
er：serious material period zero
19、/e /
are：glare care dare stare
ere：where there therefore
ear：wear bear tear（v.）
ar：parent various Mary
air：fair affair pair
20、/ai /
ie：quiet society science diet scientific scientist
ire：empire entire tiresome
io：violin lion pioneer
ia：diary diamond dialogue
21、/s/
s：this writes sew research promise it’s newspaper hospital loose mouse horse course close（adj.）worse coughs mouths stomachs house horse loose course promise
c：medicine society voice advice price silence decision except
22、/z/
s：news Thursday his goes reads mothers as husband raise physical cousin resist lose noise otherwise position possess nose cause newsreel lungs telegrams stones desert design wise robs houses season composition clothes close（v.）
23、//
th：thing breath method maths wealth healthy worth south strength three through cloth birth bath youth mouth path
24、/ /
th：they this that without gather mother father breathe neither smooth southern worthy baths youths mouths paths / z/
25、/t/
ed：missed asked watched practised reduced advanced wiped blocked stepped marched
26、/d/
ed：filled recognized whispered hugged changed robbed
27、/k/
ch：stomach character chemical technology headache technical technique chemist
28、/t/
ch：church chain chest cheerful charge check change achieve research
t (ion) ：question suggestion
tu：century natural fortunate
29、//
ch：machine moustache
sh：shoe shallow shirt wash
s (s) ：sure sugar Asia expression permission
c：special ocean musician official
t (ion) ：liberation pollution graduation
30、/f/
gh：cough enough tough photo telegraph
31、/eks/
ex：exhibition exercise expert extra explanation excellent
32、/iks/
ex：explain expect exchange express experience excuse expensive
33、/igz/
ex：exact exist example examine
34、/ /
n：trunk language bank anxious ink think rank donkey
finger hungry English handkerchief
ng：tongue long strong sing
35、/ /
s：pleasure conclusion television decision revision usually
36、/ × / 字母不发音:
（1）b：comb tomb debt climb
（2）h：honest hour forehead exhibition
（3）w：wrong write answer sword wrap
（4）t：often listen whistle Christmas listen
（5）d：Wednesday handsome handkerchief
★【焦点特例记忆】★
say, says /ai/ ; foot /u/ food boot/u:/; nature/ei/ natural / /; nation/ei/, national/ /;
room /u:/,classroom/u/; know/ u/,knowledge/ /;mean /i:/,meant/e/; hear /i / heard/ :/;
exhibit/igz/. exhibition/eks/;youth /ju:/, young/ /; bathe/ei /, bath/ɑ:θ/; bury/e/, busy/i/; great/ei/, break/ei/; cloth/ θ/, clothes/ u /, clothing/ u /; north/θ/,northern/ /; use N. /s/&V. /z/, useful/s/; south/auθ/, southern/ /; woman/u/,women/i/;
house/s/, houses/ziz/;path/θ/, paths/ z/,; mouth/θ/, mouths/ z/; sing/i / singer/i /;
show / u/, shower /au/; idea, real, really /i /; friend/e/, thief /i:/;
water/ :/ , what/ /,wash/ /,want/ /, watch/ /; pull \full \put/u/;blood, flood/ /,poor/u /; any, many/e/ ;mayor/e/; English /i/, of/v/;
Silent letter (注：划线的字母是不发音字母):
climb\ comb\ tomb； knee \know knife；hour\ honest\honour；listen\ whistle
handsome\ Wednesday\sandwich；wrong；muscle；island
¤人生箴言㊣
Proverbs are the daughters of daily experience.谚语是日常经验的结晶。
Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
¤人生箴言㊣
¤人生箴言㊣
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。
¤人生箴言㊣
A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功半。
A good book is a good friend.好书如挚友。
¤人生箴言㊣
A little body often harbors a great soul.浓缩的都是精品。
¤人生箴言㊣
A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.一本好书，相伴一生。
Wisdom is the guide and light of life.理智是人生的向导和光辉。
¤人生箴言㊣
A great talker is a great liar.说大话者多谎言。
¤人生箴言㊣
¤人生箴言㊣
A good fame is better than a good face.美名胜过美貌。
¤人生箴言㊣
Every day of thy life is a leaf in your history.自己的历史自己写。
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
¤人生箴言㊣
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