unit 5 first aid Warming up & Pre-reading同步学案（词汇短语讲解）

Unit 5 First Aid
Warming up & Pre-reading
1.First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.
given to someone 是过去分词做后置定语，修饰help ，give与help 在逻辑上是被动关系。
1） aid (v)帮助，援助 （n）U帮助，援助 ；C助手，辅助用品
例句：A dictionary is an invaluable aid in learning a new language.
字典是学习一门外语的宝贵的辅助工具.
He aids me in business.他在生意上帮助我.
搭配：a hearing aid_________ teaching aids________ medical aid______________
perform first aid (to the injured) 对伤患者进行急救
give/ offer first aid 给予急救 come/go to sb’s aid 前来/去帮助某人 with the aid of 借助于
in aid of 为了帮助 aid sb in/ with 为某事帮助某人 aid sb to do sth 帮某人做某事
2) temporary: adj. 临时的,短暂的
temporary accommodation____________ temporary measure _________ 临时雇员_____________
3)fall ill fall 在此为连系动词，意为“变得 ，进入某种状态”，后接n/adj，如 fall aslee睡着 fall silent安静下来 fall lame 变跛 fall behind 落后。fall ill 为短暂性动词，不可表示一段持续时间
How long has she fallen ill (改错)
Caught in a heavy rain, he fell ill and died.
4)get injured get 是连系动词，后接分词形式的形容词，意为“变得 ，进入某种状态”，get是个瞬间动词。
类似结构：get hurt_________ get married_________ get changed_________
get lost_________ get paid_________ get dressed_________ get drunk_________
get infected_________ get separated_________ get bored_________ get burned_________
injured (adj)“受伤的”; _________（vt）使受伤，损害，伤害; ________（n）伤口，伤害
Injure 指由于意外或事故而受伤,也可指无形的伤害.
Hurt 多指精神上或肉体上受到的伤害,含有较强烈的疼痛意味.
Wound指外界暴力引起的皮肉伤,是出血的严重的伤,尤指战场中的伤害.
Harm指精神或肉体上的损害,但不表示伤痛.可指对抽象事物.
Damage主要指对事物(价值/用途/外观等)造成的损害,损失.
Two people have been seriously _________ in the road accident.
The church was _________ by bombing during World WarⅡ.
We won’t do anything that will _________ the cause of peace.
He felt rather __________ at your words.
Five people were killed and many others were seriously _________ in the attack.
2.bleed：（vi/vt）放血，流血 --_____(过去式)-- _____(过去分词)
blood __________ bloody _____________
bleed to death____________ blood bank __________ blood type __________
blood test ___________ blood pressure _________ blood transfusion ____________
Blood is thicker than water._______________________
句意理解：The ages of most of the people in our company are more than 50.so we need new blood here.
The murderer killed the little girl in cold blood because he was afraid of her accusation.
John come home with a bloody nose.
The way he treated these people really make my blood boil.
She sweated blood over her career.
3.Choke vt 使窒息，使呼吸困难；堵塞
例句:He almost __________(噎死)on a fish bone.
The chimney was choked up with soot.那个烟囱被烟灰堵住了.
辨析：choke指阻塞人的呼吸道或管道，水流等；
block指阻塞道路，使人，物，车等无法顺利通过。
4.barrier （Cn）屏障，栅栏等障碍物，障碍(+to)
language barrier___________　barrier to success___________　barrier against disease ___________
barrier between the two countries __________________________
5.poison (n) U/C 毒药，毒害 ；有害的事物（vt）投毒，使中毒，污染，毒害（思想）
___________ （adj）有毒的,很糟糕的 _________（n）中毒，服毒，毒害
例句：These foods contain a deadly poison.这些事物含有剧毒。
Hatred is a poison that will destroy your life.憎恨是会毁掉一个人生活的有害的东西。
Television violence is poisoning the minds of young people.暴力电视正毒害年轻人的思想。
6.It keeps you warm or cool; It prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.
1）keep+宾语+宾补（形容词/现在分词/过去分词/介词/方位副词）“使继续处于某种状态”
使自己保持健康 ____________________ 使自己保持清醒 ____________________
使工人整天工作 ____________________
2)stop sb/sth (from) ; keep sb/sth from; prevent sb/sth (from) “阻止某人做某事”
No one can prevent the plan from _______________（阻止这个计划的实施）.
The sudden rain prevented ___________________(阻止我们动身)
A line of first was built along the border to _________ the country against attack.
A. prevent B.protect C.stop D.keep
3) sense：n. 感觉；鉴别力，判断力；意义
a/the sense of touch/sight/hearing/taste/smell _________________________________
a sense of humour/beauty/direction/security/guilty ______________________________
have the sense to do___________ common sense______________ in a sense ______________
make sense of ______________ make sense_____________ make no sense____________
There is no sense in(doing )sth _________________________________
7.variety: sing/pl(+of)各种（事物）；C动植物等的种类；C多样化，变体
例句: The T-shirts are available in a wide variety of/varieties of colors.
A variety of toys ______(be)on show in the shop.
The varieties of the books he has ____(be)astonishing.
There ______(be)a new variety of apple.
8.electric/electrical
Electric通常指使用或产生电力的,常修饰具体的词：electric light/guitar/drill/chair/shock
Electrical与更概括的词如equipment（电器设备）和wring（传电线路）以及与电有关或有关电的研究内容的。electrical fault/engineer 电力故障/电器工程师
9.swell vt/vi（--_____ pt--_____ pp）：vi/vt肿，使膨胀；swollen（adj）肿胀的，涨满水的
例句：The heavy rain swelled the river. 大雨使河水上涨。
His injured wrist began to swell up. 他受伤的手腕开始肿起来。
His heart was swellen with pride at his achievement. 他有了成绩而沾沾自喜。
10.stick : vt/vi（--_____ pt--_____ pp）, 粘在．．．上；刺入，戳
搭配：get stuck in陷入，卡住 stick sth in sth 陷在…里或刺入
stick sth on (sth)/stick sth.to sth 把(某物)贴在某物上
stick to +n/pron./doing: 把(某物)贴在某物上;坚持，坚守（真理/原则/决定/理论/计划/诺言/愿望/理想等）；忠于; 坚持正在做的事情。
例句：Glue was ______________（粘到他的手指上了）。
If you_________________（坚持真理）, you have nothing to fear.
Her translation____________________（非常忠实于原文）。
辨析：stick to/insist on/persist in
Stick to 指坚持“原则，计划，诺言，决定”等。stick to+doing 表示 坚持正在做的事情
Insist on 坚持 “意见，主张” 等或坚持某种看法。insist on doing坚持要求要做某事。
persist in坚持行动，有时表示固执己见或坚持不放。
(1)He always ______________ his promise.
(2)He _____________ leaving that day.
(3) She ____________ studying in her spare time.
(4)She kept __________ her innocence.
扩展：介词to与动词的搭配（高中部分）：
be used to习惯于 object to反对 lead to导致 look up to尊敬 get down to着手做 devote oneself to献身于 turn to求助于 refer to 提及，参考 take to变得喜欢、开始经常 contribute to 有助于，为．．．捐献，为．．作贡献　devote…to把．．．献给　look forward to盼望
11.squeeze vt/vi 从．．．中榨取水分，果汁等；勒索；挤进，塞入
I squeezed out my wet clothes.（拧干）
Those blackmailers(勒索者) intended to squeeze more money out of /from him.（从／向．．．榨取）
Is the car full or can I squeeze in （挤进，塞入）
12.Over and over again:重复地，再三地
=many times/repeatedly/again and again / time and again / time and time again / over and over
Over again =once more /once again
I ‘ve told you ______________(再三)not to do that.
I didn’t quite get it. Would you please read it_________(再次)
13.In place:①在适当的（或常处的、原来的、指定的）位置；②适当的;
1. Everything in the room was ____________ (井井有条) when the guests arrived.
2. Young as he was, his words and deeds were ____________ (非常得体) at the party.
扩展：out of place不适合，不恰当 　 　take the place of sb/sth代替．．．的位置
take one’s place代替某人的位置；就职，就位　　take place发生
in place of=(in sb’s/sth’s place)　 代替　　　　　 in the first place＝first of all
1） As soon as all the chairs are ___________, we can let people in.
2） Great changes _______________in my home town last in recent years.
3） Her dress is ____________at he meeting.
4） Mr. Li came in, ________ and began his lecture.
5） John will ___________ of Sam as leader in the team.
6） John will be made leader in the team __________ of Sam.
14.If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.
翻译：if possible是省略句，相当于 if it is possible，意思是“如果可能的话”为了表达方便，英语中会出现很多口语话的省略形式。
If possible(=If it is possible，如果可能的话) , discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations.(Warming-up, Unit 5)
Remove clothing using scissors if necessary(=If it is necessary ，如果必要的话) unless it is stuck to the burn.（P34，L36）
Did you or someone else give help in any of them If ______ (=If it is true，如果是这样的话), what kind of help
Would you like to go shopping with me tomorrow If______, I‘ll do some shopping alone.
Correct the mistake in the passage if _____. (假如有的话)
How about putting some pictures into the airport ----Why not (为什么不？／当然，好啊) A picture is worth a thousand words.
Hurry up! We’ll be late. ----So what (那又怎样呢) Do you really want to attend that boring lecture
I’d like to take a week’s holiday. ----Forget it (忘掉吧，算了吧), we’re too busy.
状语从句的省略：是一个非常重要的考点。在时间，条件，让步，原因等状语从句中，如果状语从句中的主语和主句相同或者从句的主语是it，从句谓语动词又含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句中的________和________。构成“从属连词+形容词/现在分词/过去分词/名词/副词/介词短语/不定式”的结构。这种句子更简练，流畅。
1） Be careful____________________(过马路时)，if ______，you may get run over by a car.
2） Everything goes smoothly ___________________(正如计划的那样)
3） Don’t speak ____________________(直到被要求)
4） She won’t come _______________(除非受邀请)
5） He was fond of drawing _______________(当他还是一个小孩子时)
6） His opinion, _______________ (无论对与错), should be considered.
7） She opened her lips _______________(好像要说什么)
8） No matter how frequently ________(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
9） When first _______ (introduce) to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
10) 比较： When ________(compare)their work, you’ll find hers is much better.
When ________(compare)with his work, her work is much better.
Comprehending
16.symptom C 症状；征兆
句义理解：Headaches and fever are symptoms of flu.
Her coming is a symptom of trouble.
Using language
17.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of the ten people who have saved the life of another.
Present vt./adj/n
1 present sth to sb=present sb with sth　把某物赠送给某人
他们向学校赠送了一大笔钱以纪念他们的儿子。
2 vt 提出，呈递 present sth to sb:把某物交给某人
我把介绍信交给此人 .
3 vt呈现 The town presented a wretched appearance.
4 Vt，介绍present sb to sb=introduce sb to sb
May I present Mr. Brown to you 请让我向你介绍布朗先生．
5 adj出席的, 到场的（作后置定语或表语）；目前的（作前置定语）　
出席, 到场，存在(反义词：be absent from) _____________　　出席晚会的客人＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
目前的住址＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
6 n礼物；目前，现在(at present=now)
＿＿＿＿＿n. 出席，存在 ＿＿＿＿＿ n.演出，赠送，显示
18.a (large/good/great) number of + 可数名词的复数形式，意为 “大量的”，谓语用＿＿＿＿＿；
the number of +可数名词的复数形式，意为 “．．．的数量”,谓语用＿＿＿＿＿；
1. ______________ (许多楼房) were destroyed in the earthquake.
2. The government made great efforts to reduce ______________ (失业的人数).
3. Last night ______________ (很多客人) were invited to the party, and ______________ (他们的数量是50).
19.put one’s hands on 意为“找到”。
[例句] He remembered buying some stamps before, but failed to put his hands on them.
他记得曾买过一些邮票，但就是找不到。
hold one’s hand 给某人支持 shake one’s hand （与某人）握手 set one’s hand to 着手做
请用以上短语的适当形式填空。
1． Whatever you _ ____, you should try your best to do it well.
2． Seeing the guest arrive, the host went over and _____ to show him a welcome.
3． I don’t need anyone to ___ __.
4． He managed to ___ __ what he had been looking for.
“hand”短语
at hand__________ by hand__________ from hand to hand_________ hand in hand_________
on the one hand …on the other hand___________________ out of hand_______________
20.Treat　[观察] 阅读下列各句，并观察treat在句中的词性和用法。
1. The driver whose leg was broken was treated in the hospital.
2. Please treat the matter seriously.
3. He treated my kind tips as a joke.
4. Father treated us to a big meal in the restaurant.
5. She treated herself to a new hat.
6. Mum bought us some delicious cakes as a treat.
7. The visit to the seaside was a real treat for us.
8. It’s my treat; what would you like to eat
[点拨] treat vt. 治疗，如句1；对待，如句2；看作，当作，其后通常跟介词as, 如句3；请客，款待，招待，其后通常跟介词to, 如句4； 买（可享受的东西），如句5。n. 款待，招待，如句6；乐事，享受，如句7；常用于be one’s treat, 意为“由（该）某人请客”，如句8。 _________n. 治疗，疗法；对待 be under treatment 正在治疗中
把下列句子翻译成汉语。
1． She treats me as her own child.
2． When I was young chocolate was a treat.
3． She treated us to some delicious fruits.
4． The doctor treated him for his disease.
5． The Blacks were once treated terribly in the USA.
6． Let’s go out for lunch — my treat.
21.apply…to…将．．涂在表面上；适用于，实施；应用；致力于　apply to sb for sth 向某人申请
句意理解：The nurse applied the ointment to the wound.
School regulations apply to every student.
We should apply theory to practice.
Students should apply themselves to all subjects.
Anyone who wants to apply for the job please sign your name in the form.
Anyone who wants to apply for the job please sign your name in the form.
把下列句子翻译成英语。
1． 他已经向这个公司申请工作了。
2． 把乳霜抹在脸和脖子上。
3． 她压住伤口来止血。
22.make a difference
Make a /no/some/not much/a great deal of difference: 有（没有，一些，不大，很大的）作用，关系，影响, 重要性
The healthy diet has made a difference to her health. 健康的饮食改善了她的健康状况。
※ make a difference 区别对待。如：
He hasn’t made a difference to the dog. 他对待这只狗没什么不同。
根据括号内的汉语提示完成下列句子。
1. Your attitude towards the matter will _______________ (当然有影响).
2. The rain _______________ (没多大影响) the sports meeting.
PAGE
7