2010届高三英语一轮复习纲要（BooK I Units 4-5）

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2010届高三英语一轮复习纲要
(Book 1 Units 4-5) October 21, 2009
重点单词:
1. shake shake hands with sb = shake sb’s hand = shake sb by the hand
2. rise The river has risen by three metres. He rose and left the room..
When did you rise in the morning
【辨析】rise, raise和arise
rise (rose; risen) 用作不及物动词，较常用到的词意为“起立”、“上升”、“上涨”。
raise (raised; raised) 提起，使升高，引起，扬起，提高，增加，筹款，召集，提出，养育。
arise (arose; arisen) 只能做不及物动词，多表示问题、困难、争吵、大风等无形东西的“出现”、“发生”
3. injure n injury
【辨析】injure, wound和hurt
injure：伤害，损害（感情），损害（名誉）。普通用词，多指事故中人或物的损伤，包括容貌、生理、身体等。
wound：使受伤，伤害，损害，主要指外界暴力或用武器造成身体上较重的伤害，像刀伤、枪伤、刺伤等。多指战场上受伤。
hurt：伤害（感情）。普通用词，没有injure正式，常用于口语。多用于有生命的东西 ，常指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的痛苦或感情上的伤害。作不及物动词，表“疼痛”。
4.shelter n .The umbrella is a shelter from the heavy rain.
v. The wall sheltered us from the wind.
5. prepare v prepare sth prepare to do sth prepare sb to do sth
prepare (oneself) for sth / to do sth使（某人）做……准备
n. preparation [U/C] 常用复数 make preparations for / in preparation for
【辨析】 prepare sth．意为“准备某事”?强调准备的过程或动作，宾语必须是这一动作的直接承受者；另有“配置、调制”之意。
prepare for意为“为……作准备”，for后面的宾语是准备的目的，即所要应付的情况。
prepare sth．for意为“为……做好准备”。
be prepared for强调准备好的状态
6. shock shocking shocked n. The bad news was a terrible shock to him.
【思考】interesting/interested; exciting/excited; frightening/frightened;
puzzling/puzzled; pleasing/pleased； disappointing/disappointed
等应该如何使用？
7. bury v. He buried his head in his hands.
They buried themselves in their work. ( bury oneself in sth 某人专心于某事)
【联想】已学过的表示“专心做某事，集中精力做某事”不同的表达方式：
concentrate on / upon be absorbed in devote oneself to be addicted to
attend to apply oneself to…
8. judge v ~ + n.; ~sb (to be)+adj./n.; ~ + that/wh-clause n. judge/judgement
Judging from / by his accent，he is from Shandong.
【联想】总结常见的分词或不定式作状语，表示说话者对所说内容所持的一种观点态度，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。Generally speaking；Judging from / by;
To be honest; To tell the truth; To make matters worse …
9. everywhere adv.也可以用作n. look everywhere Everywhere looks nice.
conj. Everywhere he goes，his dog follows him.
常见的起到连词作用还有：every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the first time,
the last time, immediately etc.
10.willing adj ~ly adv be ~ to do 乐于做···
【思考】表示心理状态和心理活动的形容词应该怎么用？
1) ~ sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
2) ~ doing sth 建议做某事
11.advise v. 3) ~ (that) sb (should) do sth 建议某人应当做某事(表示强烈意见、建议、命令或要求的要用虚拟语气。如：request；demand；require；order；suggest等。
4)~ sb not to do= ~ sb against doing 建议某人不要做某事
n. a piece of advice / some advice / ; give (some)advice to sb (on sth); take / follow one’s advice
My advice is that the girl (should) be operated on at once.
She followed my advice that she (should) be operated on at once.
12. reward vt. 1) ~ sb with sth (for sth) — sb be ~ed with sth(for sth) 因某事使某人获得奖赏
n. 2) in reward (for) 作为报答 in return / as a reward for sth.
【联想】award vt. ~ sb. sth. — ~ sth. to sb.授予(人奖赏等)，颁发 n.__
13. fear n. 1)in ~ of担心 2)for ~ of / for ~ that 以免 以防 3)in ~惊恐地
v. ~ + n. / doing / to do / that-clause adj. _______
【联想】 afraid / frighten / scare / terrify
14.equal v. & adj. 1) be ~ with与···平等 2)be ~ to sth等于；能胜任
15.accept v.接受,接纳
【辨析】accept与receive
receive 指“收到”、“接到”。表示一种被动的行为。
accept 指“接受”，表示的是一种主动的行为，并伴随有一种满意或允诺的意味。
注意：有时用词要视语言习惯而定，而不能简单地认为 receive＝收到，
accept＝接受。如“接受礼物”说成英语是 accept a gift, 而“接受教育”却是 receive an education。表示“接见”、“接待”时，要用 accept而不用 receive。
16.position n 1) in ~ 在适当的位置 2)out of ~在不恰当的位置 3) accept/take the ~ of
接受···职务 4) lose one’s position失业 5)in a difficult position处境艰难
【辨析】station / position / condition / situation 参考学案122页
17.fight 1) ~ for为···而战 2) ~ against为反对···而战
3) ~ with与···作战；与···并肩作战 4) ~ back 还击
5）~ down抑制（感情、欲望等）
18.power n. 1)come to ~执政；上台 2) be in ~ 执政（状态）
3)out of /beyond one’s ~能力所不及 4) within one’s ~在某人能力范围内
【辨析】power 、force、 strength 请参考Units1-3
19.right的词义 1) ~ or left 右边 2) ~ or wrong 正确
3)do the ~ thing at the ~ time恰好；正好 4)He is all ~ again.身体康复
5) ~ in the middle 恰恰 6)We have the ~ to say “No”.权力 7) ~away
20.anti-反对的；相反的 antiwar 反战的antiblack反黑人的antigoverment反政府的
重点词汇短语:
1. right away right now, at once, in no time， immediately
2. think little of think highly / much / well / ill of sb
3. at an end at the end of by the end of in the end come to an end
4. be proud of take pride in
5. the dead the + 形容词或分词表示一类人 例如： the young the rich
the dying the injured用作主语时谓语动词常用复数形式。
6．instead of： 介词短语，“代替，而不是”。instead：副词
【联想】 in place of take the place of sb/sth take one’s place take place
7. the number of a number of
8. give out 联系 give in give off give up give away
9. a（great）number of 修饰可数名词
【联想】 a great deal of a large quantity of a good/great many many a
dozens of scores of a large quantity of large quantities of
a large amount of等表示“许多，大量”的词组。
注意：1）词组的构成；2）所修饰的名词；3）与所修饰的名词用作主语时，谓语动词的单复数。
10.out of work=lose one’s job失业 out of ……搭配参照学案123页
【联想】“失业”的其它表达方式：
11.worry 1) ~ about = be worried about 担心 2) ~ sb with sth以某事烦某人
12.set v 1) ~ up 设立；创立；建立 2)~ aside储蓄；搁置
3) ~ off动身；燃放 4) ~ out / ~ out to do sth 出发；开始做
5) ~ about doing开始着手做某事（尤其指费时费劲的事）
6) ~ down写下 7) ~ free 释放 8) ~ back推迟；阻碍
13. trouble 1) in ~ 处于不幸或麻烦中 2) get into ~ 陷入困境
3) take great ~ to do sth不辞劳苦去做某事
4) have ~ in (doing) sth做某事有困难
5) ask/look for ~自找麻烦
14. blow v 1) ~ up 使充气；爆炸；（恶劣天气）来临
2) ~ over吹倒 3) ~ out吹灭；熄灭
15. put/cast sb in/into prison把···投入监狱 break prison越狱
【联想】go to school ; be in hospital; by bus 等词组中名词前面不加冠词表示抽象意义。
16. lose heart丧失信心或勇气 lose one’s heart to=fall in love with爱上
heart and soul全心全意地
17. as a matter of fact → in fact / in truth事实上
18. be sentenced /condemned to death /ten years in prison被判处死刑/十年监禁
29. continue to do = continue doing=continue with sth/doing sth继续做某事
go on doing=go on with sth 继续做某事 go on to do 继续做另外一件事
20.其它: as usual, be / lie in ruins, dig out, in honor of give a speech
have sb do sth etc.(请增添更多常用短语！)
重点句型
1. only置于句首修饰状语时，句子需要部分倒装
1) Only in this way can you succeed!
2) Only when you have your own child will you cherish your parents.
3) Only I know the truth!
***Not only does he like English, but also he learns it well.
(not only…….but also主谓一致上就近原则)
2. the first time / the moment / the minute / every time/each time可用作连词词组引导一个时间状语从句
The first time I met you, you were still a little boy.
***It is the first time that sb have done sth.
It was the first time that sb had done.
for the first time 第一次
3. It seems / looks / appears / happens …
【总结】it用作形式主语常用的句型结构：
1． It + be + adj. + that clause
It’s strange that he didn’t come yesterday. 他昨天居然没有来。
2． It + be + -ed + that clause
It was hoped that the war would come to an end soon. 人们都希望战争很快结束。
3. It + be + n. + that clause
It’s a pity that he has made such a mistake. 他犯了这样的错误，真遗憾。
4. It + appear/ seem/ happen + that clause
It seems that your plan is more practical. 你的计划似乎更切实可行。
5． It + 其它动词 (+宾语) (+状语) + that clause
It happened that I had no money on me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。
6． It doesn’t matter + clause
It doesn’t matter whether you start now or later. 你现在就出发或迟一点出发，都无关紧要。
【思考】是否还有其它形式？
重点语法
1.部分否定
All my friends don’t like the book. = Not all my friends like the book.
None of my friends like the book. （全部否定）
总结： all, both, every, everybody, everything 等词与not连用， 构成部分否定,完全否定用none, no one, nobody, nothing等词。
2. 关系副词when where why引导的定语从句（参照BOOK1 92页）
经典句背诵：
1. It seemed that the world was at an end.
2. All hope was not lost.
3. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
4. 1949 saw the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.
5. The hotel where (in which) we stayed wasn’t very clean.
6. I’ll never forget the time when (during which) we worked on the farm.
7. The reason why (for which )he was late was that he missed his train.
8. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
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