高三英语定语从句的练习
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课件37张PPT。Grammar
The Attributive Clause1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词3.关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词who, whom, whose, which, thatwhen, where, why在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.句子主干：
定语从句：
先行词：
关系代词：A dictionary is a book.which gives the meaning of words.bookwhich4. 分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用that或why,不能省略限制性定语从句：
1. China is a country which has a long
history.
非限制性定语从句：
?2. China, which was founded in 1949, is
becoming more and more powerful.?
? 1. Her brother who is now a soldier always
encourages her to go to college. ??
Her brother, who is now a soldier,
always encourages her to go to college. (她还有其他哥哥。)(她只有一个哥哥。)2. All the books that have pictures in
them are well written. ? All the books, which have pictures in
them, are well written. ?(带插图的书写得好。)(所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图)关系代词的用法1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介
词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.3. whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
2. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.4．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾
语，做宾语时常可省略。 1. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.??
2. The film ( which ) they went to see
last night was not interesting at all.5. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
1. Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning???
2. The season that / which comes after
spring is summer.??that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said??
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.? (1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为all, few, everything, anything, nothing, none, little, some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)(2)There be 句型中用that。
There?is?a?book?on?the?desk?that?belongs?to?Tom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(5)当先行词既有人又有物。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. (6)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 紧跟介词作宾语
Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
(3) 作定语
He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.在下列情况下, 一般用which而不that。as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导的从句只能放在主句之后； as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于 “and this” 或 “and that”. 译为“这一点”。as只能代指整个主句的内容。常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构: as is known, as is reported, as is said, as is expected, as we know, etc.1. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
2. As is reported, China has become an
important country in the world.
3. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to
all.
4. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very
light.
5. He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as
is expected.3. 先行词前有the same, such限定时，关 系词只能用as.
I have the same opinion as you (have).
Don’t read such books as are beyond your ability.当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.?
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.? 关系副词的用法where 引导的定语从句也可以修饰case, condition, situation, instance, 等先行词。
There are cases where this rule does not hold good.
Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?the reason why…is that… ……的原因是……他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。The reason why he resigned was that
he quarreled with his boss.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. 在the reason why …结构中，why 引导定语从句，它也可以换为for which或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。
如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。
3. the reason is that…结构中，只能用that
引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。关系代词和关系副词如何区别？1.The reason _______he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.
2.The reason____________he gave us sounded reasonable.
3.I’ll never forget the day ____________we spent together in Paris.
4.I’ll remember the day________we stayed together at that time.
5.This is the factory____________we visited last year.
6.This is the house _________Lincoln once lived.Remember: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythatwhichthatwhichwhenthatwhichwhere7.(1) He still lives in the room ________window faces to the south.
(2) He still lives in the room _________is in the north of the city. whosewhich8.(1)I will never forget the days ________we studied together.
(2)I will never forget the days _________we spent together.whenthat 9.(1) The reason ________he didn’t come was that he was ill.
(2) The reason _________he explained is not true.whythat10.(1) We will meet at the same place________we met last month.
(2) We will meet at the same place ________we visited last month.
wherethat介词+关系代词先行词为人,关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物,关系代词用which.
关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why =介词+which1.This is the reason ______ ______he left his hometown. (=why)
2.I’ll never forget the day_____ ______ we stayed together. (=when)
3.This is the girl ______ _______I learned the news.
4.The person______ _____ I spoke just now is the manager that I told
you about.
5.I’ll show you a store____ ______you may buy all that you need.(=where)
6.I don’t like the way____ _____ you laughed at her.(=that;)for which
on whichfrom whom to whomin whichin which 做做试试：1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _________had not been cleaned for at least one year.
2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _____ ______she could turn for help.
3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest_____ _________is Taiwan.
4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_________ ________ _______treated her well, ______made her very sad.
5.There are forty students in our class,______ _______20 are girls; the rest are boys.whichtowhomofwhichnoneofwhomwhichofwhom定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：
(1)There are lots of good English programmes which are
broadcast on TV or the radio in China.
------There are lots of good English programmes ________
on TV or the radio in China.
(2)At one time there were long queues of people who were
waiting outside the CAAC offices.
------At one time there were long queues of people ________
outside the CAAC offices.分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；
broadcastwaiting2.定语从句和并列句
1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.
-----I saw some trees, the leaves of ________were black with disease.
2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________there is a pair of glasses
3.The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its
door to China on November 10,_____ a 15-year wait.
A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhomC3.定语从句和状语从句
(1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it.
This is such a big stone _______no one can lift.
(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _____ ______he
can easily find it.(=where)
Please put the letter_________he can easily find it.
(3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it.
这句子正确吗？分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。thatasin whichwhere4.定语从句和名词性从句
(1) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what)
(2) All that can be done has been done. (=what)
(3) _______is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun.
It is known to us all _______Taiwan belongs to China.
(4)______ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than
the sun.
AsthatWhat7.定语从句和强调句
(1) It is in this room ______I lived last year.
It is the room _______I lived last year.
(2) It was at seven o’clock ________he went
to school this morning.
It was seven o’clock _______he went to
school this morning. 分析：强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。(1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwherethatwhen8.定语从句和同位语从句
(1)The news ________our volleyball team won the
match made us excited.
(2)The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting.
(3)The problem __________we should answer for the
accident is clear to you.
(4)The problem __________he asked me to solve is hard to solve.分析：that 引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容， 在从句中不可省去，也不可用which 替代。That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/whichthatthat/which高考命题导向：
1.________is known to everyone, the moon travels round the round
the earth once every month.
A.until B. As C.That D. What
2.The film brought the hours back to me _______I was taken good
care of in that far-away
A.until B.which C. when D.where
3.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_____,
of course,made the others unhappy.
A.who B. which C. this D.what
4.Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt
very much.
A.it B.that C. when D.whichAsCBD5.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town
_______he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C.that D. when
6.The weather turned to be very good,________was more than we
could expect.
A.what B.which C.that D. it
7.In the dark street , there was not a single person ________she could
turn for help.
A. that B.who C. from whom D. to whom
8. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _______
hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. whichBBDD Good bye!
The Attributive Clause1.定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词3.关系代词、关系副词：引导定语从句的词关系代词关系副词who, whom, whose, which, thatwhen, where, why在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.句子主干：
定语从句：
先行词：
关系代词：A dictionary is a book.which gives the meaning of words.bookwhich4. 分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略引导词：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用that或why,不能省略限制性定语从句：
1. China is a country which has a long
history.
非限制性定语从句：
?2. China, which was founded in 1949, is
becoming more and more powerful.?
? 1. Her brother who is now a soldier always
encourages her to go to college. ??
Her brother, who is now a soldier,
always encourages her to go to college. (她还有其他哥哥。)(她只有一个哥哥。)2. All the books that have pictures in
them are well written. ? All the books, which have pictures in
them, are well written. ?(带插图的书写得好。)(所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图)关系代词的用法1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可略）The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介
词提前则不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.3. whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
2. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.4．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾
语，做宾语时常可省略。 1. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.??
2. The film ( which ) they went to see
last night was not interesting at all.5. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
1. Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning???
2. The season that / which comes after
spring is summer.??that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said??
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.? (1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为all, few, everything, anything, nothing, none, little, some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)(2)There be 句型中用that。
There?is?a?book?on?the?desk?that?belongs?to?Tom.(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4)先行词是who或which引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?(5)当先行词既有人又有物。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school. (6)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 紧跟介词作宾语
Those are many trees under which they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中
Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
(3) 作定语
He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.在下列情况下, 一般用which而不that。as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别which引导的从句只能放在主句之后； as引导的从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。
which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于 “and this” 或 “and that”. 译为“这一点”。as只能代指整个主句的内容。常带有“正如”之意，且已形成固定结构: as is known, as is reported, as is said, as is expected, as we know, etc.1. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
2. As is reported, China has become an
important country in the world.
3. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to
all.
4. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very
light.
5. He didn’t come to attend the meeting, as
is expected.3. 先行词前有the same, such限定时，关 系词只能用as.
I have the same opinion as you (have).
Don’t read such books as are beyond your ability.当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.?
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.? 关系副词的用法where 引导的定语从句也可以修饰case, condition, situation, instance, 等先行词。
There are cases where this rule does not hold good.
Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?the reason why…is that… ……的原因是……他辞职的原因是他和老板吵架了。The reason why he resigned was that
he quarreled with his boss.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. 在the reason why …结构中，why 引导定语从句，它也可以换为for which或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。
如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。
3. the reason is that…结构中，只能用that
引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。关系代词和关系副词如何区别？1.The reason _______he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.
2.The reason____________he gave us sounded reasonable.
3.I’ll never forget the day ____________we spent together in Paris.
4.I’ll remember the day________we stayed together at that time.
5.This is the factory____________we visited last year.
6.This is the house _________Lincoln once lived.Remember: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。whythatwhichthatwhichwhenthatwhichwhere7.(1) He still lives in the room ________window faces to the south.
(2) He still lives in the room _________is in the north of the city. whosewhich8.(1)I will never forget the days ________we studied together.
(2)I will never forget the days _________we spent together.whenthat 9.(1) The reason ________he didn’t come was that he was ill.
(2) The reason _________he explained is not true.whythat10.(1) We will meet at the same place________we met last month.
(2) We will meet at the same place ________we visited last month.
wherethat介词+关系代词先行词为人,关系代词用 whom; 先行词为物,关系代词用which.
关系代词和关系副词可转换：where,when,why =介词+which1.This is the reason ______ ______he left his hometown. (=why)
2.I’ll never forget the day_____ ______ we stayed together. (=when)
3.This is the girl ______ _______I learned the news.
4.The person______ _____ I spoke just now is the manager that I told
you about.
5.I’ll show you a store____ ______you may buy all that you need.(=where)
6.I don’t like the way____ _____ you laughed at her.(=that;)for which
on whichfrom whom to whomin whichin which 做做试试：1.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _________had not been cleaned for at least one year.
2.In the dark street, there was not a single person _____ ______she could turn for help.
3.China has a lot of islands ,the largest_____ _________is Taiwan.
4.The old lady had one son and two daughters,_________ ________ _______treated her well, ______made her very sad.
5.There are forty students in our class,______ _______20 are girls; the rest are boys.whichtowhomofwhichnoneofwhomwhichofwhom定语从句和其它句型的转换1.定语从句和非谓语动词：
(1)There are lots of good English programmes which are
broadcast on TV or the radio in China.
------There are lots of good English programmes ________
on TV or the radio in China.
(2)At one time there were long queues of people who were
waiting outside the CAAC offices.
------At one time there were long queues of people ________
outside the CAAC offices.分析基本规律：从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；
broadcastwaiting2.定语从句和并列句
1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.
-----I saw some trees, the leaves of ________were black with disease.
2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of __________there is a pair of glasses
3.The World Trade Organization (WTO) finally opened its
door to China on November 10,_____ a 15-year wait.
A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends分析：是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键whichwhomC3.定语从句和状语从句
(1)This is such a big stone _______no one can lift it.
This is such a big stone _______no one can lift.
(2)Please put the letter in the drawer _____ ______he
can easily find it.(=where)
Please put the letter_________he can easily find it.
(3) Please put the letter in which he can easily find it.
这句子正确吗？分析：（1）句从引导词来看，状语从句中的that 是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。thatasin whichwhere4.定语从句和名词性从句
(1) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what)
(2) All that can be done has been done. (=what)
(3) _______is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun.
It is known to us all _______Taiwan belongs to China.
(4)______ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than
the sun.
AsthatWhat7.定语从句和强调句
(1) It is in this room ______I lived last year.
It is the room _______I lived last year.
(2) It was at seven o’clock ________he went
to school this morning.
It was seven o’clock _______he went to
school this morning. 分析：强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立。(1) I lived in this room last year. (2) He went to school at seven this morning.而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。thatwherethatwhen8.定语从句和同位语从句
(1)The news ________our volleyball team won the
match made us excited.
(2)The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting.
(3)The problem __________we should answer for the
accident is clear to you.
(4)The problem __________he asked me to solve is hard to solve.分析：that 引导 同位语从句，在从句中不充当任成份，并且引导的句子是说明前一名词的内容， 在从句中不可省去，也不可用which 替代。That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时可省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。thatthat/whichthatthat/which高考命题导向：
1.________is known to everyone, the moon travels round the round
the earth once every month.
A.until B. As C.That D. What
2.The film brought the hours back to me _______I was taken good
care of in that far-away
A.until B.which C. when D.where
3.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_____,
of course,made the others unhappy.
A.who B. which C. this D.what
4.Carol said the work would be done by October,______personally I doubt
very much.
A.it B.that C. when D.whichAsCBD5.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town
_______he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C.that D. when
6.The weather turned to be very good,________was more than we
could expect.
A.what B.which C.that D. it
7.In the dark street , there was not a single person ________she could
turn for help.
A. that B.who C. from whom D. to whom
8. He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of _______
hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. whichBBDD Good bye!