浙江省中考英语必背(9)被动语态讲解＋练习附答案及解析

被动语态
被动语态的含义：
英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语
态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态的结构：
助动词
be+过去分词
done+（by
施动者）
例句：He
is
often
asked
to
do
this
work
(by
his
boss).
他时常（被老板）要求做这工作。
Are
your
clothes
washed
by
yourself？
你的衣服是你自己洗的吗？
不同时态下的被动语态：
练习：选择题（共
7
小题）
1．Last
year，five
Chi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nese
teachers
to
a
school
in
the
UK
to
teach
the
British
students
in
Chinese
style
for
four
weeks．（
）
A．was
sent
B．were
sent
C．have
sent
D．sent
2．Football
to
our
sch
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ool
subjects
last
year．（
）
A．is
added
B．adds
C．was
added
D．added
3．I
plan
to
build
an
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unusual
house．It
out
of
old
things．（
）
A．is
built
B．has
built
C．was
built
D．will
be
built
4．﹣How
often
do
I
need
to
feed
the
dog？
﹣It
food
ever
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
day，or
it
will
be
hungry．（
）
A．must
give
B．must
be
give
C．must
gave
D．must
be
given
5．Mary
the
song
at
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a
party．（
）
A．heard
sing
B．was
heard
singing
C．was
heard
to
sing
D．was
heard
sing
6．﹣When
and
where
to
spend
the
holiday
yet．
﹣Let's
make
it
now．（
）
A．is
decided
B．doesn't
decide
C．has
not
been
decided
D．has
decided
7．﹣Wow!
Your
new
house
is
so
beautiful!
When
did
you
build
it？
﹣Not
too
long!
My
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
old
house
one
and
a
half
years
ago!
（
）
A．pulled
down
B．is
pulled
down
C．was
pulling
down
D．was
pulled
down
选择题（共
5
小题）
1．（2016 镇江）Last
y
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear，five
Chinese
teachers
to
a
school
in
the
UK
to
teach
the
British
students
in
Chinese
style
for
four
weeks．（
）
A．was
sent
B．were
sent
C．have
sent
D．sent
【解答】答案：B
首先根据句中的时间状语
last
year，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )判断句子中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主语
five
Chinese
teachers
是谓语动词
send
的承受者，二者形成被动关系所以用被动语态，故该
空处为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词，主语
five
Chinese
teachers
是复数名词，be
动词用
were，send
的过去分词是
sent，套用结
构，故选
B
2．（2016 陕西）Fo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )otball
to
our
school
subjects
last
year．（
）
A．is
added
B．adds
C．was
added
D．added
【解答】答案：C
首先根据句中的时间状语
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )last
year，判断句子中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主语
Football
是谓语动词
add
的承受者，二者形成被动关系所以用被动语态，故该空处为一般过去时的
被动语态，其结构为：主语+wa
s/w
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere+及物动词的过去分词，主语
Football
是单数名词，
be
动词用
was，add
的过去分词是
added，套用结构，故选
C
3．（2016 江西）I
plan
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o
build
an
unusual
house．It
out
of
old
things．（
）
A．is
built
B．has
built
C．was
built
D．will
be
built
【解答】【答案】D
结合句子的意思可知我计划建一座与众不同的房子，所以时态应为一般将来时态，即主语
+will+动词原形．又知
it
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )指代的是
house（房子），它是动词
build（建造）的承受者，二
者是被动关系，应用被动语态，即
be+过去分词．综上所述，此处应用一般将来时的被动
语态，即
will+be+过去分词，所以此处应用
will
be
bulit，故选
D．
4．（2015 孝感）﹣How
often
do
I
need
to
feed
the
dog？
﹣It
food
every
day，o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
it
will
be
hungry．（
）
A．must
give
B．must
be
give
C．must
gave
D．must
be
given
【解答】句子主语是
it，代指狗，i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
和
give
之间应是被动关系，选项中含有
must，所以是
含有情态动词的被动语态，结构是情态动词+be+动词的过去分词．故答案为
D
5．（2015 龙安区模拟）Mary
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the
song
at
a
party．（
）
A．heard
sing
B．was
heard
singing
C．was
heard
to
sing
D．was
heard
sing
【解答】答案：A．
hear
是"听见"的意思．"
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )听见某人做某事"为"hear
sb
do
sth"，这是主动形式，其被动形式
为"sb
be
heard
to
do
sth"意为"某人被听见做某事"．"在一个聚会上"说明事情发生完了，
要用一般过去时，根据所给的选项，句意应该为"Mary
被听见"，故要用一般过去式的被动
语态，B
和
C
都是，但
B
选项强调的是过去的某个时间正在发生，而本句强调的是结果，
故选
C．
6．（2012 随州）﹣When
and
where
to
spend
the
holiday
yet．
﹣Let's
make
it
now．（
）
A．is
decided
B．doesn't
decide
C．has
not
been
decided
D．has
decided
【解答】答案：C
根据
yet
可知，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这是现在完成时的标志词，且
yet
用于否定句．又知
holiday
是动词
decide
的承受者，二者是被动关系，所以此处应使用现在完成时态否定形式的被动
语态，其结构是
haven't/hasn't+been+过去分词．又知
holiday
是单数，所以此处应用
has
not
been
decided．故选
C．
7．（2016 黄冈模拟）﹣Wow!
Yo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur
new
house
is
so
beautiful!
When
did
you
build
it？
﹣Not
too
long!
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
My
old
house
one
and
a
half
years
ago!（
）
A．pulled
down
B．is
pulled
down
C．was
pulling
down
D．was
pulled
down
【解答】答案：D．
首先根据时间状语
one
and
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )half
years
ago，判断句子中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主语
My
old
house
是动作
pull
down
的承受者，表示"房子被拆迁"，所以用被动语态，一般
过去时被动语态的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词，故选
D．
时态
一般现在时
主
动
语态（
do）
do
/
does
被
动语态（be+done）
am/is/are
+
done
例句
Such
songs
are
usually
sung
by
girls.
这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。
The
window
was
broken
by
my
son.
窗子是我儿子打破的。
The
classroom
will
be
cleaned
soon.
教室很快要被打扫了。
一般过去时
did
was/were
+
done
一般将来时
will/shall/be
going
to
+
do
will/shall/be
going
+be
done
to
Are
this
the
babies
__
___
___by
现在进行时
am/is/are+
doing
am/is/are
+
being
done
nurse？
这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
The
teaching
plan
was
being
discussed
at
that
time.
那时正在讨论教学计划。
Many
foreign
films
___________on
TV
since
last
month.
上个月以来，电视中播放了许多外国影片。
She
told
me
that
she
had
been
dismissed
by
her
boss.
她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。
More
trees
____________
on
the
mountains.
山上应该种更多的树。
过去进行时
was/were+
doing
was/were
+
being
done
现在完成时
have/has+
done
have/has
+
been
done
过去完成时
had
+
done
had
+
been
done
含有情态动
词
can/may/must
+do
can/may/must
+
done
be