基本转换
被动语态
主动和被动语态的转换
转换方式:①
将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②
将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be
+动词的过去分词
done”结构;③
将主动语态的主语改为介词
by
之后的宾语,放在谓语
动词之后(有时可省略)。
例句:Ironman
hits
Spiderman
every
day.
钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。
→_Spiderman
is
hit
by
Ironman
everyday.
动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。
转换方式:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介
词和副词。
例句:
He
always
takes
care
of
his
sister.
他总是照顾他的妹妹。
→His
sister
is
always
taken
care
of
by
him.
带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态
转换方式:变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补
足语。
例句:All
the
villagers
painted
the
houses
white.
所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
→The_houses
are
painted
white
by
all
the
villagers.
双宾语改为被动语态
转换方式:谓语动词带双宾语时,既可将间接
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语转化成主语,也可将直接宾语转化成主语。
方式一:若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;方式二:若将直接宾语转化为
主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词
to
或
for。
例句:He
gave
her
some
books.
他给了她一些书。
→She
was
given
some
books
by
him.(间接宾语转化
主语)
→Some
books
were
given
her
by
him.(直接宾语转化
为主语)
主动结构表示被动含义
open,
lock,
write,
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad,
sell,
clean,
wash
等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物
时,可用主动语态表示被动意义,用来描述主语特征。
例句:The
door
won't
loc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k.
这个门锁不上。
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
well.
这种布很好洗。
look,
smell,
sound,
taste
等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
例句:I
think
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
fish
must
taste
good.
我认为这个鱼肯定尝起来很棒。
Your
reason
sounds
reasonable.
你的理由听起来很充分。
want/
need/
require
+doing
相当于
want/
need/
require
+
to
be
done。
例句:The
house
needs
repairing.这房子需要修理。
→_The
house
needs
to
be
repaired.
_
练习:选择题(共
8
小题)
1.—What's
the
meaning
of
the
activity
"Let's
Save"?
—Paper
shouldn't
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
everyday
life.(
)
A.waste
B.wasted
C.be
wasted
D.is
wasted
2.The
Dongying-Ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inan
airline
for
about
5
months.I
have
taken
the
flights
three
times.(
)
A.is
open
B.has
opened
C.has
been
open
D.has
been
opened
3.My
house
when
y
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou
visited
Beijing
last
time,so
I
didn't
invite
you
to
my
home.(
)
A.was
being
decorated
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B.is
being
decorated
C.has
been
decorated
D.was
decorated
4.My
e﹣mail_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
_to
you
last
night.Have
you
received
it_
?(
)
A.sent;yet
B.is
sent;already
C.was
sent;yet
5.In
the
pas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
few
years,thousands
of
films
all
over
the
world.(
)
A.have
produced
B.have
been
produced
C.are
producing
D.are
being
produced
6.—It's
difficult
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
the
village
children
to
cross
the
river
for
school.
—I
think
a
bridge
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )over
the
river.(
)
A.should
be
built
B.is
being
built
C.has
been
built
D.was
built
7.The
World
Expo(世博会)
in
Shanghai
now.(
)
A.being
had
B.is
having
C.is
holding
D.is
being
held
8.Now
it's
much
e
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asier
to
shop
online
when
your
order
is
ready,the
things
you
want
to
buy
to
you
soon.(
)
A.send
B.were
sent
C.are
sending
D.will
be
sent
解析(共
8
小题)
1.【解答】答案:C
根据句中的主语
paper
是谓语动词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )waste
的承受者,二者形成被动关系,故用被动语态,再结
合句中含有情态动词
should
的否定形式
shouldn't,故谓语动词为含有情态动词的被动语态,
其结构为:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词,结合空格前有
shouldn't,填入
be
wasted
即可,故选
C
2.【解答】答案:C,根据
The
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Dongying﹣Hainan
airline…for
about
5months,可知
for+
时间段,是现在完成时的时间标志,所以应用现在完成时,且动词要用延续性动词,open
是
非延续性动词,故要变成
be+open
的系表结构,又知现在完成时的结构为
have/has+动词的
过去分词,故选
C
3.【解答】答案:A
首先根据
when
引导的时间状语从句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )"上次你来北京参观时",判断主句动作用过去进行时,主
语
my
house
是动作
decorate
的承受者,所以用被动语态,过去进行时被动语态的构成是:
主语+was/were+being+动词的过去分词,主语是单数名词,be
动词用
was,decorate
的过
去分词是
decorated,故选
A.
4.【解答】答案为
C.
这一题可以用排除法来筛选答案.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
last
night
这一个短语可以推测句子要用过去时态,故可以
排除
B
选项.e﹣mail
邮件是被发送出去,是
send
的动作承受者,所以要用被动语态,故可
以排除
A
选项.already
与
yet
都可以表示"已经",但两个还是有区别,区别是:already
是
用于肯定句,yet
是用于否定句和疑问句.所以正确答案为
C.
5.【解答】答案:B
根据
in
the
past
few
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )years
可知,这是现在完成时的标志,所以此处应使用现在完成时态.又
知
thousands
of
films
是动词
produce(制作)的承受者,二者属于被动关系,所以此处应用
现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为
have/has
been+过去分词;又知
films
是复数,所以此处
应用
have
been
produced.故选
B.
6.【解答】答案:A.
首先根据语境"我认为应该在河上面建造一座桥
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).",宾语从句的主语
a
bridge
是动作
build
的
承受者,表示"被建造",确定用被动语态,根据句意用情态动词
should,含有情态动词的被动
语态的构成是:主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词.
故答案为:A
7.【解答】答案:D
根据
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The
World
Expo(世博会)in
Shanghai
now.可知这句话的主语
是
The
World
Expo,是动作的承受者,它和动词
hold
构作成被动关系,所以应该用被动语态,
根据
now
可知应该用现在进行时态,故应用现在进行时态的被动语态,现在进行时态的被动语
态的构成:be+being+过去分词.故选:D.
8.【解答】答案
D
根据
soon.可知句子所使用的时态为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )将来时;再根据
the
things
作主语,它是
send
这个动
作的承受着,当主语是动作的承受着时,可知句子所使用的语态应该为被动语态.所以句子所
使用的应该是一般将来时的被动语态,构成为:will+be+动词过去分词.故选
D.