浙江省中考英语必背(10)主动和被动语态的转换讲解+练习附答案及解析

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名称 浙江省中考英语必背(10)主动和被动语态的转换讲解+练习附答案及解析
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科目 英语
更新时间 2016-11-29 20:21:10

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基本转换
被动语态
主动和被动语态的转换
转换方式:①
将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②
将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be
+动词的过去分词
done”结构;③
将主动语态的主语改为介词
by
之后的宾语,放在谓语
动词之后(有时可省略)。
例句:Ironman
hits
Spiderman
every
day.
钢铁侠每天打蜘蛛侠。
→_Spiderman
is
hit
by
Ironman
everyday.
动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语也可以有被动语态。
转换方式:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介
词和副词。
例句:
He
always
takes
care
of
his
sister.
他总是照顾他的妹妹。
→His
sister
is
always
taken
care
of
by
him.
带宾语和宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态
转换方式:变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补
足语。
例句:All
the
villagers
painted
the
houses
white.
所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
→The_houses
are
painted
white
by
all
the
villagers.
双宾语改为被动语态
转换方式:谓语动词带双宾语时,既可将间接
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语转化成主语,也可将直接宾语转化成主语。
方式一:若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;方式二:若将直接宾语转化为
主语则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词
to

for。
例句:He
gave
her
some
books.
他给了她一些书。
→She
was
given
some
books
by
him.(间接宾语转化
主语)
→Some
books
were
given
her
by
him.(直接宾语转化
为主语)
主动结构表示被动含义
open,
lock,
write,
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad,
sell,
clean,
wash
等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物
时,可用主动语态表示被动意义,用来描述主语特征。
例句:The
door
won't
loc
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k.
这个门锁不上。
This
kind
of
cloth
washes
well.
这种布很好洗。
look,
smell,
sound,
taste
等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
例句:I
think
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
fish
must
taste
good.
我认为这个鱼肯定尝起来很棒。
Your
reason
sounds
reasonable.
你的理由听起来很充分。
want/
need/
require
+doing
相当于
want/
need/
require
+
to
be
done。
例句:The
house
needs
repairing.这房子需要修理。
→_The
house
needs
to
be
repaired.
_
练习:选择题(共
8
小题)
1.—What's
the
meaning
of
the
activity
"Let's
Save"?
—Paper
shouldn't
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
everyday
life.(

A.waste
B.wasted
C.be
wasted
D.is
wasted
2.The
Dongying-Ha
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inan
airline
for
about
5
months.I
have
taken
the
flights
three
times.(

A.is
open
B.has
opened
C.has
been
open
D.has
been
opened
3.My
house
when
y
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou
visited
Beijing
last
time,so
I
didn't
invite
you
to
my
home.(

A.was
being
decorated
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )B.is
being
decorated
C.has
been
decorated
D.was
decorated
4.My
e﹣mail_
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
_to
you
last
night.Have
you
received
it_
?(

A.sent;yet
B.is
sent;already
C.was
sent;yet
5.In
the
pas
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t
few
years,thousands
of
films
all
over
the
world.(

A.have
produced
B.have
been
produced
C.are
producing
D.are
being
produced
6.—It's
difficult
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
the
village
children
to
cross
the
river
for
school.
—I
think
a
bridge
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )over
the
river.(

A.should
be
built
B.is
being
built
C.has
been
built
D.was
built
7.The
World
Expo(世博会)
in
Shanghai
now.(

A.being
had
B.is
having
C.is
holding
D.is
being
held
8.Now
it's
much
e
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asier
to
shop
online
when
your
order
is
ready,the
things
you
want
to
buy
to
you
soon.(

A.send
B.were
sent
C.are
sending
D.will
be
sent
解析(共
8
小题)
1.【解答】答案:C
根据句中的主语
paper
是谓语动词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )waste
的承受者,二者形成被动关系,故用被动语态,再结
合句中含有情态动词
should
的否定形式
shouldn't,故谓语动词为含有情态动词的被动语态,
其结构为:情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词,结合空格前有
shouldn't,填入
be
wasted
即可,故选
C
2.【解答】答案:C,根据
The
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Dongying﹣Hainan
airline…for
about
5months,可知
for+
时间段,是现在完成时的时间标志,所以应用现在完成时,且动词要用延续性动词,open

非延续性动词,故要变成
be+open
的系表结构,又知现在完成时的结构为
have/has+动词的
过去分词,故选
C
3.【解答】答案:A
首先根据
when
引导的时间状语从句
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )"上次你来北京参观时",判断主句动作用过去进行时,主

my
house
是动作
decorate
的承受者,所以用被动语态,过去进行时被动语态的构成是:
主语+was/were+being+动词的过去分词,主语是单数名词,be
动词用
was,decorate
的过
去分词是
decorated,故选
A.
4.【解答】答案为
C.
这一题可以用排除法来筛选答案.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
last
night
这一个短语可以推测句子要用过去时态,故可以
排除
B
选项.e﹣mail
邮件是被发送出去,是
send
的动作承受者,所以要用被动语态,故可
以排除
A
选项.already

yet
都可以表示"已经",但两个还是有区别,区别是:already

用于肯定句,yet
是用于否定句和疑问句.所以正确答案为
C.
5.【解答】答案:B
根据
in
the
past
few
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )years
可知,这是现在完成时的标志,所以此处应使用现在完成时态.又

thousands
of
films
是动词
produce(制作)的承受者,二者属于被动关系,所以此处应用
现在完成时的被动语态,其结构为
have/has
been+过去分词;又知
films
是复数,所以此处
应用
have
been
produced.故选
B.
6.【解答】答案:A.
首先根据语境"我认为应该在河上面建造一座桥
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).",宾语从句的主语
a
bridge
是动作
build

承受者,表示"被建造",确定用被动语态,根据句意用情态动词
should,含有情态动词的被动
语态的构成是:主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词.
故答案为:A
7.【解答】答案:D
根据
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The
World
Expo(世博会)in
Shanghai
now.可知这句话的主语

The
World
Expo,是动作的承受者,它和动词
hold
构作成被动关系,所以应该用被动语态,
根据
now
可知应该用现在进行时态,故应用现在进行时态的被动语态,现在进行时态的被动语
态的构成:be+being+过去分词.故选:D.
8.【解答】答案
D
根据
soon.可知句子所使用的时态为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )将来时;再根据
the
things
作主语,它是
send
这个动
作的承受着,当主语是动作的承受着时,可知句子所使用的语态应该为被动语态.所以句子所
使用的应该是一般将来时的被动语态,构成为:will+be+动词过去分词.故选
D.