2017届广东中考英语总复习课件第一部分_中考常用单词 词组用法辨析（10份）

课件50张PPT。第一部分　中考常用单词、
词组用法辨析名词类单词、词组辨析★ 1. advice， suggestion【辨析】
（1）advice多指“忠告；劝告”，是不可数名词，不可用an， many，a few等直接修饰，也不能在其后加s，但可以用some， much， a piece of等直接修饰。常见搭配有give some advice， ask for advice等。
（2）suggestion 多指供人参考的想法，是可数名词，可用a， some， many，a few等直接修饰，有复数形式。常见搭配有give a suggestion， make a suggestion等。 注意：advise与suggest分别为advice， suggestion的动词，意为“向……建议”。
【举例】
The lawyer gave me some helpful advice. 律师给了我一些有用的建议。
Do you have any suggestions on how to solve the problem properly？关于如何妥当地解决这个问题，你有什么建议吗？【演练】
（ ）1. Could you please give some _______ to the _______ teachers？
A. advice； men
B. advices； men
C. suggestion； man
D. suggestions； manA( )2. I made a few _______ about how we could spend the afternoon.
A. advice B. advise
C. suggests D. suggestions
( )3. I have some problems with my English writing. Could you give me a piece of _______?
A. advice B. decisions
C. information D. suggestionDA★2. cloth,clothes,clothing,dress,suit
【辨析】
(1)cloth意为“布；布料”，没有复数形式。当表示“一块布料”时，常用搭配为：a piece of cloth。当cloth指具体用途的“布”时，是可数名词。如：a table cloth一块桌布。
(2)clothes统指各种衣服，包括内衣、外套、裤子，还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类。它是复数名词，不能与表示具体数目的数词连用。当表示“一套衣服”时，常用搭配为：a suit of clothes。 (3)clothing是衣物的总称，是集体名词，只有单数形式。
(4)dress意为“礼服；连衣裙”等，指比较正式的服装。
(5)suit意为“套装；西装”，一般多指男士套装。
此外，dress,suit还可以作动词。dress作动词时，意为“打扮；给……穿衣”；suit作动词时，意为“适合；满足”等。【举例】
Her clothes are made of fine cloth. 她的衣服布料精良。
This clothing is needed in warm countries. 暖和的国家需要这种衣物。
The black dress she wore at the party was beautiful. 晚会上她穿的那件黑色连衣裙非常漂亮。
James looked handsome in that gray suit. 詹姆斯穿着那套灰色西服看起来真帅气。【演练】
( )1. This woman cleaned the floor with an old _______.
A. clothes B. clothing
C. dress D. cloth
( )2. Cristina is an elegant lady,she often wears beautiful _______.
A. cloth B. clothes
C. suits D. clothingDB( )3. The person opposite the street,who wears a _______,is a woman,not a man.
A. dress
B. clothing
C. clothes
D. clothA★3. people, person,man
【辨析】
(1)people表示“人；人们”时是集体名词，表复数概念，不能表示“一个人”，只有当表示两个或两个以上的人时才可用people，如two people意为“两个人”。people还可以表示“民族”，此时有单、复数之分， one people 意为“一个民族”， two peoples意为“两个民族”。
(2)person是个体名词，它泛指man，woman或child中的任何一个，其复数形式是persons。 (3)man意为“男人”，与woman相对，其复数形式为men；man也可表示“人；人类”，此时man用作单数名词，且不加冠词。
【举例】
This hall is spacious enough to hold at least 1,000 people. 这个大厅足够宽敞，至少可以容纳一千人。
We all know that there are 56 peoples in China. 我们都知道中国有五十六个民族。 Who is the youngest person in your class？ 你们班里年龄最小的人是谁？
Men and women are equal. 男女平等。
【演练】
( )1. An old _______ came in. She looked pale.
A. people B. man
C. person D. personsC( )2. Some _______ in this town speak Cantonese (广东话).
A. people B. person
C. peoples D. child
( )3. There are more than 20 _______ in Yunnan Province.
A. people B. peoples
C. persons D. personAB★4. family， house， home
【辨析】
以上三者都牵涉到“家”。family意为“家；家人”，指家庭或家庭成员。house是指居住的建筑物(房屋、住宅)，可以购买、出租或出售。home意为“家”，带有眷恋等感彩。 【举例】
How many people are there in Simon’s family？ 西蒙家有几口人？
He has bought a house in America. 他在美国买了一幢房子。
She gave up her job and stayed at home to care for her children. 她放弃了工作，留在家里照看孩子们。 【演练】
( )1. My _______ have lived in this village for over ten years.
A. house B. family
C. home D. parent
( )2. She does her homework at ______ every night.
A. family B.house
C.home D. roomBC( )3. There is a big tree in front of my _______.
A. family
B. house
C. home
D. addressB★5. street, avenue, road, path, way, route
【辨析】
(1)street意为“街道”，指城市或村镇中两旁有房屋的路。
(2)avenue意为“通道；大街；林荫路”，在英国指通往乡村住宅，两旁栽树的小路。
(3)road意为“马路”，常指城市与城市之间的大路或乡村大路。
(4)path意为“道路；小路；轨道”，指未经开凿，通过践踏而自然形成的“小路”。 (5)way意为“道路；路线；路途”，指去某地的走法，又可泛指在途中。on the way to…意为“在某人去……的路途中”。
(6)route意为“路线”，通常是迂回的，可以包括数条道路或街道，有时甚至包括小路、小巷，使用范围也较广。【举例】
Go along the street, you’ll see it on your right. 顺着这条街道走，它就在你的右边。
The Fifth Avenue is a good place for shopping. 第五大道是逛街的一个好去处。
There are many cars on the road. 马路上有许多汽车。
The path led up a steep hill. 小路通向一座陡峭的山丘。 Which is the way to East Park, please? 请问到东方公园怎么走？
I met a friend on my way home yesterday. 昨天在回家的路上我遇见了一个朋友。
This bus route covers a large number of streets. 这路公共汽车行经许多街道。【演练】
( )1. How can I get there? I don’t know the _______.
A. road B. street
C. way D. path
( )2. There are many shops in the _______.
A. route B. street
C. path D. roadCB( )3. That postman is in charge of this _______.
A. road
B. way
C. route
D. avenueC★6. noise， voice， sound
【辨析】
(1)noise意为“噪音；喧闹声”，常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。
(2)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。
(3)sound泛指人们听到的各种“声音”，可以是人或动物的声音，也可以是大自然的任何声音。【举例】
Don’t make any noise！ 别吵闹！
Sherry， the lovely girl， has a really sweet voice. 雪莉，那个可爱的女孩，有着相当甜美的嗓音。
Light travels much faster than sound. 光的传播速度比声音快得多。
【演练】
( )1. Celion Dion is a fantastic singer. She has an amazing _______.
A. noise B. voice C. sound D. musicB( )2. Can you hear the _______ of the river？
A. sound B. noise
C. voice D. noisy
( )3. Stop that _______, noisy boys！
A. voice B. sound
C. noise D. musicAC★7. problem，question
【辨析】
两者都可表示“问题”。problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，常与动词 solve或settle(解决)搭配使用。question则指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，常与动词ask或answer连用。
此外，problem可用于指数学、化学或物理等的习题，而question却无此含义。 【举例】
The problem is difficult to be solved. 这个问题很难解决。
May I ask you some questions？我可以问你一些问题吗？
Can you work out this chemistry problem？你能算出这道化学题吗？
【演练】
( )1. —Can you fix this? —No _______.
A. problem B. problems
C. question D. questionsA( )2. The president refuses to answer further _______ on this subject.
A. question B. questions
C. problems D. problem
( )3. The physics _______ Max worked out was really difficult. He was a genius!
A. questions B. problems
C. problem D. questionBC★8. work， job
【辨析】
两者都可指“工作”。job指具体的职业或零工，是可数名词，a job表示“一份工作”。work通常用作动词，作名词时常用作不可数名词，a piece of work表示“一份工作”。
注意：work表示“著作；作品”之意时是可数名词，其复数为works。【举例】
First of all， I should thank you all for your hard work. 首先，我应该感谢大家的辛勤工作。
In my opinion, this is Rembrandt’s greatest work. 在我看来，这是伦勃朗最伟大的作品。
Work hard, and you’ll get a promotion. 努力工作，这样你会升职的。
I heard you had changed jobs. 我听说你换了几份工作。【演练】
( )1. It’s not easy to find a good _______.
A. job B. work
C. jobs D. works
( )2. He _______ as a worker.
A. work B.job
C. works D. jobsAC( )3. She has a lot of _______ to do today.
A. thing B. work
C. works D. job
( )4. Everyone’s done an excellent _______ in today’s debate(辩论).
A. jobs B. job
C. work D. thingBB★9. desk, table
【辨析】
(1)desk 意为“课桌；书桌；写字台”，指读书、写字或办公用的桌子，一般都带有抽屉。另外，在车站等公共场所，专门提供服务的地方也可称为desk。如： Information Desk咨询处。
(2)table意为“桌子；餐桌；台”，指供吃饭、游戏、工作或安放其他各种东西的桌子或台子。从广义的角度来说，它包括desk在内。【举例】
There are fifty desks in the classroom. 教室里有50张课桌。
We all sat at the same table. 我们同桌吃饭。
【演练】
( )1. There are three plates on the _______.
A. desk B. kitchen
C. table D. drawerC( )2. The speaker had several pages of notes in front of him on the _______.
A. microphone
B. table
C. desk
D. screenC★10. earth, ground, field, land
【辨析】
(1)earth意为“地；地球；泥土”，它着重指“大地”，以区别于“天空”，也可以指区别于坚硬岩石的泥土。
(2)ground意为“地；地面”，主要指大地表面。不论是泥地、沙地或水泥地，均可用这个词表示，也可用来指运动场地。 (3)field意为“田；地”，常用于指种植农作物的“农田；土地”，有时也可指研究、活动的“范围；领域”。
(4)land意为“陆地”，与河流和海洋相对，也可指“土地”，还可以表示“国土；国家”。【举例】
The earth moves round the sun. 地球围绕太阳转。
The ground is covered with leaves in the woods. 树林的地面上落满了树叶。
They are working in the fields. 他们正在农田里劳动。
We travelled by land until we reached the sea. 我们从陆路去一直旅行到大海。【演练】
( )1. Everyone knows that the _______ is bigger than the moon.
A. field B. land C. earth D. ground
( )2. Fish cannot live on _______, they live in the water.
A. floor B. land C. field D. earth
( )3. The little boy was lying on the _______, he looked really relaxed.
A. ground B. field C. earth D. landCBA★11. evening, night
【辨析】
两者都可意为“晚上”，但并不完全相同，它们的区别在于：
(1)evening意为“傍晚；晚上”，尤其是指下午6点到晚上10点前，一般指晚上就寝之前的这段时间。它的反义词是morning。
(2)night意为“夜晚；黑夜”，是指晚上10点至午夜这段时间。它的反义词是day。
注意：下午下了班或过了正常工作时间是evening；到了睡觉的时候便从evening转为night。【举例】
All he did that evening was sit around the house. 那天晚上他所做的就是闲坐在家里。
We sleep during the night and work during the day. 我们夜里睡觉，白天工作。【演练】
( )1. Time to sleep. Good _______, sweetheart.
A. evening B. night
C. day D. job
( )2. Supper will be served from 5:00 to 6:00 in the _______.
A. afternoon B. evening
C. night D. midnightBB★12. boat, ship
【辨析】
(1)boat 意为“船；艇”，是普通用语，主要指用桨、帆或引擎推进的小船、小艇，但有时也指大轮船。
(2)ship 意为“船；舰”，多指大的航海船只。
【举例】
We crossed the river by boat. 我们乘船过河。
The ship is at sea. 船正在航海。【演练】
( )1. —Let’s go to row a _______ in the park this afternoon.
—Great idea!
A. vessel B. ship C. boat D. train
( )2. They went from England to America by _______.
A. boat B. a car C. foot D. shipCD★13. sport, game, match, race
【辨析】
(1)sport通常指“户外运动”“户外的游戏或娱乐活动”，以锻炼为主，如篮球、足球、田径运动、跳高、游泳等。其复数形式sports可指运动会。
(2)game(美式用法)意为“游戏；运动；比赛”，指两队之间有组织的比赛，强调是为了娱乐而运动，或指以比赛胜负为主的运动。 (3)match(英式用法)，意为“竞赛；比赛”，大多数是指正式比赛。
(4)race主要是指赛跑、赛马(车、船等)的比赛。通常是指速度方面的比赛、从起点到终点的竞赛。
【举例】
Fishing is my favourite sport. 钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动。
Some children were playing games on the bank. 河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍。 There are two basketball matches next Sunday morning. 下周日早上有两场篮球比赛。
He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. 他将参加一次重大的横渡大西洋的比赛。
【演练】
( )1. People all around the world enjoy _______.
A. sport B. game
C. match D. sportsD( )2. Let’s play the _______.
A. match B. game
C. race D. sport
( )3. They were strong and won the boat _____.
A. sport B. game
C. match D. raceBD课件19张PPT。代词类单词、词组辨析★1. neither of， none of
【辨析】
两者都可表示“都不”，既可指人也可指物。neither of意为“两者(任一)都不”，其反义词组为both of。none of意为“三者或以上(任一)都不”，其反义词组为all of。
注意：(1)neither， none作主语时，通常被视为单数，但从意义上讲也可视为复数。当both of， all of作主语时，只能作复数。 (2)no one也可表示“三者或三者以上没有一个”，等于nobody，只能指人，且不能与of连用。no one可用于回答以who提问的特殊疑问句，none则用于回答以how many提问的特殊疑问句。
【举例】
Neither of the cars was/were damaged. 两部车都没有受损。
None of them has/have been to Japan. 他们都没去过日本。(他们至少三个人以上)【演练】
( )1. —Do you live by yourself， Mr.Wang？
—Yes. I have two sons. But ________ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America.
A. neither
B. both
C. none
D. eitherA( )2. ______ of us is going to play basketball with you this afternoon， because we’ve got work to do.
A. All
B. Either
C. None
D. BothC( )3. The twins are very hard?working. _____ of them are top students.
A. Neither
B. Both
C. None
D. AllB★2. another, the other, other, others, the others
【辨析】
(1)another指不定数目中的“(三个或以上中的)另一个；又一个”，用来代替或修饰可数名词。注意：another+数词+时间=数词+more+时间。
(2)the other指两个中的“另一个”， 常与one连用，构成“one…the other…”短语，意为“一个……另一个……”；the other还可表示“其余全部的”， 作定语修饰可数名词复数形式。 (3)other泛指“另外的”，后接复数可数名词或不可数名词，作定语，不能单独使用。如果前面有the，some， my等限定词时，也可以与单数可数名词连用。
(4)others 泛指“另外的人或物”，但不指其余的人或物的全部，常用在“some…others…”搭配中，相当于“other＋复数可数名词”。 (5)the others特指某一范围内的“其余全部的人或物”，相当于“the other＋复数可数名词”。
【举例】
This shirt is too large for me. Please show me another. 这件衬衫我穿太大了。请另外拿一件给我看看。(一般商店里不会只有两件衬衫) In another two weeks (In two more weeks)， it’ll be finished. 再过两个星期就可以做完了。
I have two friends. One is a policeman and the other is a teacher. 我有两个朋友。一个是警察，另一个是教师。
John did better than all the other players in the sport. 在那项运动中，约翰比所有别的运动员都出色。 I don’t know about it. Please ask some other people. 我不知道这件事，请问其他的人。
Some classmates cleaned the windows, others (other classmates)mopped the floor. 一些同学擦窗户，另一些(同学)擦地板。
Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others (the other boys)will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。【演练】
( )1. —Have you finished your report yet?
—No, I’ll finish it in _______ ten minutes.
A. another B. other
C. more D. less
( )2. I don’t think the coat is good enough. Can you show me _______?
A. another B. other
C. others D. the otherAA( )3. There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, _______ are my father’s.
A. others B. the other
C. the others D. another
( )4. He has two sons. One is in Shanghai, ___ is in Beijing.
A. another B. the other
C. others D. the othersCB★3. one， that， it
【辨析】
三者都可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。
(1)one，that是同类中不同的一个，指代单数意义的名词。但one为泛指，相当于a/an＋名词；that为特指，相当于the＋名词。 (2)it用于指代上文中出现的同一个单数意义的名词，也可表示“时间；距离；天气”等，还可以用来引导强调句。此外，it可以充当句子中的形式主语、形式宾语等。
附：one有复数形式ones，用以代替复数可数名词。 【举例】
I have lost my umbrella. I think I must buy one. 我的伞丢了。我想我必须买把新的。(one在该句中表泛指，相当于an umbrella)
The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing. 南京的天气比北京的更热。(that=the weather， 但并非指南京的天气， 而是指北京的天气) Green apples often taste better than red ones. 绿苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
I have lost my umbrella. I’m looking for it. 我的伞丢了。我正在找它。(该句中的it就是指前面的my umbrella，属于特指)【演练】
( )1. We find ________ impossible for us to learn a foreign language well in a short time.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
( )2. —A latest Shenzhen Daily， please！
—Only one copy left. Would you like to have ________， sir？
A. one B. it C. this D. thatDB( )3. —Do you need a new dictionary， Susan？
—No， Mom. My uncle bought me ______ yesterday.
A. one B. it C. the one D. another
( )4. The weather in London is different from ______ in Tianshui.
A. that B. one C. it D. thoseAA课件59张PPT。动词类单词、词组辨析★1. accept， receive
【辨析】
receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”，而 accept 则指主动地“接受”。
注意：receive也可表“接受”，如：receive/get a better education，意为“接受更好的教育”。【举例】
We haven’t received his letter for a long time. 我们很久没有收到他的来信了。
She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车，他领情了。【演练】
( )1. On my twentieth birthday I _______ several gifts.
A. get B. accepted
C. received D. took
( )2. He couldn’t _______ our suggestions but our gifts.
A. accept B. receive
C. accepted D. expectedCA( )3. He did not _______ a good education at university.
A. accept B. receive
C. received D. got
( )4. She _______ his present， but she didn’t _______ it.
A. accepted; receive
B. received; accept
C. receives; accept
D. accepts; receivedBB★2. advise， suggest
【辨析】
两者都是动词，都表示“向……建议”。两者的区别在于：
advise的固定搭配是advise sb.(not) to do建议某人(别)做；suggest的固定搭配是suggest (sb.) doing或suggest one’s doing建议(某人)做。当然它们都可以接宾语从句，但宾语从句的动词形式必须是(should)(not)do…【举例】
I advise my father to stop smoking. 我建议我爸爸戒烟。
I suggest my father( father’s)stopping smoking. 我建议我爸爸停止吸烟。
I advise/suggest (that)my father (should)stop smoking. 我建议我爸爸不再吸烟。【演练】
( )1. The doctor advised me _______.
A. to smoke B. smoking
C. don’t smoke D. not to smoke
( )2. He suggested _______ a walk with my grandma.
A. took B. to take
C. taking D. me to takeDC( )3. The husband suggested _______ to the south, but his wife advised him _______ up the idea.
A. moving; giving
B. to move; to give
C. moving; to give
D. to move; givingC★3. agree with， agree to
【辨析】
agree意为“同意”，其反义词为disagree。
(1)agree with sb./sth. 表示“同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等 (即持同一观点)”。
(2)agree to sth. 意为“同意某事”，agree to后接建议、计划、安排 (suggestion， advice， plan， arrangement) 等。 (3)agree to do sth. (此时to是不定式符号，后接动词原形构成不定式)，意为“同意做某事”。
【举例】
I quite agree with you. 我完全同意你(的意见)。
He agreed to the plan. 他同意了这个计划。
We agreed to leave early. 我们同意早点出发。【演练】
( )1. Do you think he will _______ my sugges-tion？
A. agree to B. agrees to
C. agree with D. agrees with
( )2. Her parents both _______ what she said.
A. agree to B. agreed with
C. agrees with D. agreed to
( )3. I agree _______ swimming tomorrow.
A. to go B. to going C. with go D. /ABA★4. be able to，can
【辨析】
两者都表示“能；会”，后面都接动词原形。be able to有人称、时态及数的变化，可以用于任何时态。而can没有人称或数的变化，但有一个过去时形式could，相当于was/were able to，也可以表示现在的能力，相当于is/am/are able to。 注意：be able to可以用于不定式；当表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事时要用be able to，而不能用can；表猜测时要用can, 而不能用be able to。
【举例】
He can / is able to speak German. 他会说德语。
I could / was able to dress myself when I was 10 months old. 我十个月时就会自己穿衣服。 Kitty will be able to arrive on time if she runs fast enough. 如果凯蒂跑得够快，她就能准时到达。
He has not been able to come since he got hurt. 自从受伤以后，他就一直未能前来。
That can’t be your bag. 那不可能是你的书包。【演练】
( )1. They will _______ tell you the news soon.
A. able to B. be able to
C. can D. are able to
( )2. —You _______ use my dictionary.
—Thank you.
A. can B. are able to
C. were able to D. could BA( )3. Somebody is knocking at the door. Who _____ it be?
A. is able to B. could
C. can D. can’t
( )4. I _______ swim to the bank after the boat turned over.
A. am able to B. can
C. was able to D. can able to
( )5. —Could I borrow your pen?
—Sure, you _______.
A. can B. could
C. can’t D. are able toCCA★5. borrow， lend， keep
【辨析】
(1)borrow意为“借进”，borrow sth. from sb./sw. 表示“向某人/从某处借入某物”。
(2)lend意为“借出”，是borrow的反义词，lend sth. to sb./lend sb. sth. 表示“借出某物给某人”。
(3)keep意为“保留；借”，borrow， lend表示的“借”是短暂性的，而keep表示的是持续性的。keep sth.＋时间段表示“借某物多长时间”，常用于完成时态。 【举例】
Can I borrow your pen? 我可以借用一下你的钢笔吗？
Do you often borrow books from the library? 你经常从图书馆借书吗？
Can you lend me your pen? 把你的钢笔借给我好吗？
You mustn’t lend it to others. 你一定不要把它借给别人。
He has kept these books for two weeks. 他借这些书两周了。
—How long can I keep the book?这本书我可以借多久？ —Two weeks. 两周。【演练】
( )1. You can _______ my iPod for four days.
A. lend B. borrow
C. keep D. get
( )2. Thanks for _______ me the money.
A. borrowing B. lending
C. kept D. lentCB( )3. Joseph _______ his guitar to Betty last Friday.
A. lent B. lended
C. borrows D. kept
( )4. Daisy _______ a book from her cousin and she has _______ it for three weeks.
A. borrowed; lent
B. borrowed; kept
C. lent; kept
D. lends; borrowedAB★6. develop, developing, developed, development
【辨析】
(1)develop意为“发展；开发”，既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。
(2)developing意为“发展中的”，为现在分词，起形容词的作用，表示主动含义。
(3)developed意为“发达的”，为过去分词，起形容词的作用，表示被动含义。
(4)development意为“发展”，用作名词。【举例】
The child is developing well. 这孩子发育得很好。
China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。
Japan is a developed country. 日本是一个发达国家。
Education is important to a child’s develop-ment. 教育对一个孩子的发展至关重要。【演练】
( )1. We should _______ the students’ ability to solve problems.
A. develop B. development
C. developed D. developing
( )2. What are your plans for the _______ of your company?
A. developed B. developing
C. develop D. developmentAD( )3. India is a _______ country， while America is a _______ one.
A. developed; developed
B. developing; developing
C. developing; developed
D. developed; developingC★7. die， dead， death， dying
【辨析】
(1)die是瞬间动词，意为“死；死去”，表示生命的结束，不能用于被动语态，也不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
(2)dead是形容词，意为“死的”，在句中可以充当定语或表语。
(3)death是名词，意为“死亡”。
(4)dying可作die的现在分词，也可作形容词，意为“奄奄一息的；濒临死亡的”。 【举例】
His father died last week. 上周他父亲去世了。
He found a dead bird in the garden. 他在花园里发现了一只死鸟。
His grandpa has been dead for two years. 他的祖父逝世已经有两年了。(注：be dead可以与时间段连用，而die则不可以。此句若用die改写则为：His grandpa died two years ago. 他的祖父两年前去世了。) She cried out after knowing her husband’s death. 得知她丈夫的死讯后，她失声痛哭。
The dying man was saved by a kind?hearted lady. 那个奄奄一息的男人被一位好心的女士救了。
I think his dog is dying. 我认为他的狗快要死了。【演练】
( )1. Thinking of the _______ of my grand-father， I feel very sad.
A. dead B. die
C. death D. died
( )2. Who can save the _______ dog？
A. dead B. dying
C. died D. dieCB( )3. The poor man _______ last night.
A. was dead B. is dying
C. dead D. died
( )4. The cat has _______ for two days.
A. died B. been died
C. been dead D. deathDC★8. die from， die of，die out
【辨析】
(1)die from和die of均表示“因……而死”，所接宾语均表示死亡的原因。
具体使用时，die of指死于(疾病、感情、饥寒等)自身原因；die from一般指死于(事故、外伤等)外部原因。若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则用of和from均可。
(2)die out意为“(家族、物种等)灭绝；绝迹”。【举例】
Mr. Liu died from an earthquake. 刘先生死于一场地震。
Nowadays many people die of cancer. 如今很多人死于癌症。
Many kinds of animals are in danger of dying out. 许多动物种类都处于濒临灭绝的危险中。【演练】
( )1. Miss Lin _______ heart disease last spring.
A. died of B. died from
C. died out D. died down
( )2. Human beings may _______ one day if they continue to destroy the environment.
A. die out B. die of
C. die in D. die fromAA( )3. Each year, many people _______ traffic accidents.
A. die from
B. die of
C. die out
D. die downA★9. get to， arrive in/at， reach
【辨析】
三者均可表示“到达”。get表“到达”时是不及物动词，后接表示地点的名词时要与介词to连用，即“get to＋地点”。 arrive表“到达”时也是不及物动词，后接地点名词时要借助介词in或at，即“arrive in＋大地点， arrive at＋小地点”。reach表“到达”时是及物动词，后面直接接表示地点的词。 注意：(1) get， arrive后接表示地点的副词(如here， there， home等)时，不需要任何介词作为媒介。
(2) 到达的地点在句中没有出现时，只能单独使用arrive。
【举例】
He got to the stop at 5:00 o’clock this afternoon. 他今天下午五点到站的。
He arrived in Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达了北京。 When he arrived at the stop, the bus had left. 当他到达公共汽车站时，公交车已经开走了。
When does the train reach London?火车什么时候到达伦敦？
When I got there, the film had been on for 5 minutes. 当我到那里时，电影已经上映五分钟了。
—When did you arrive？ 你什么时候到的？ —Three days ago. 三天前(到的)。【演练】
( )1. Sadly we ______ the factory five minutes late.
A. got B. arrived in
C. reach D. arrived at
( )2. When did he _______ home yesterday？
A. arrived B. get to
C. reach D. getsDC( )3. What were you doing when the sandstorm ________？
A. arrived B. reached
C. got to D. arrived in
( )4. The kite is in the tree. Can you _______ it?
A. get to B. arrive at
C. reach D. reach inAC★10. happen， take place
【辨析】
两者都可表示“发生”。happen 意为“意外、偶然、未能预见地发生”，常见搭配有sb. happen to do sth. “某人碰巧做某事”和sth. happen to sb./sth. “某事意外发生在某人/某事身上”。take place意为“按事先计划或有预谋地发生/举行”。 注意：与happen搭配的往往是accident， crash， earthquake， tsunami(海啸)等；与take place搭配的往往是murder， sports meeting， party， celebration， marriage等。此外，happen, take place往往不用于被动语态。【举例】
I happened to meet two foreigners from Argentina on the mountain yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我碰巧在山上遇见了两位来自阿根廷的外籍人士。
Cindy looks upset these days. What happened to her？ 辛迪这几天看起来很沮丧。她怎么了？
A horrible murder took place on July 22， 2009. 2009年7月22号发生了一起可怕的谋杀案。【演练】
( )1. When did the earthquake _______？
A. take place B. happen
C. happening D. took place
( )2. In 1919， the May 4th Movement _______ in China.
A. took place B. happened
C. will happen D. was taking placeBA( )3. Great changes _______ in the town since 1998.
A. have taken place
B. have been taken place
C. has taken place
D. has been taken place
( )4. I _______ to see him on my way home.
A. took place B. happened
C. happening D. take placeAB★11. have been to， have been in， have gone to
【辨析】
(1)have/has been to 强调“曾经去了某个地方，此时人已经不在那里了”，后常接次数，如once，twice，three times等， 也可和just，never，ever等连用。
(2)have/has been in表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与时间段状语for…/since…ago等连用。 (3)have/has gone to强调 “去了某个地方”，现在人可能在去的途中或已经在那个地方了，总之不在说话者处， 上下文中往往出现Where is sb.？/Have you seen sb. recently？/sb. will be back in…之类的暗示语。
注意：当它们后面接表示地点的副词(如here， there， home等)时，要省略介词in， to。 【举例】
My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。
I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我到上海已有三年了。
—Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？
—He has gone to England. 他去英国了。
You’ve never been there before， have you？ 你从来没有去过那里，是吗？【演练】
( )1. He _______ Beijing. He will come back in ten days.
A. has been to B. have gone to
C. has been in D. has gone to
( )2. —How many times have you _______ Paris？ —Only once.
A. been in B. gone to
C. go to D. been toDD( )3. —How long have you _______ this city？
—For more than ten years.
A. stay in B. been in
C. been to D. come to
( )4. —Long time no see. Where have you _______？ —I was on a trip to Australia.
A. been B. gone to
C. gone D. come fromBA★12. hear of， hear about， hear from
【辨析】
hear of与hear about的意思相近，这两个词组在英语中有时可以通用。hear of意为“听说过；听到；提起某事”，直接指其对象。hear about意为“听到、得知关于某人或某事的消息”，比hear of知道得更详细、具体。hear from通常接表示人的名词或代词，意为“收到……的信；收到……的电报；得到……的消息”。 【举例】
I have never heard of him since he left. 自从他离开后，我再也没有听到过他的消息。
I’ve just heard about his illness. 我刚听说他生病的事。
I haven’t heard from him since he telephoned. 自从那次他来电话后，我一直没有收到过他的来信。【演练】
( )1. I’ve just _______ his promotion.
A. hear about B. heard from
C. hear of D. heard about
( )2. We don’t know the singer，and we’ve never _______ her.
A. heard of B. hear about
C. heard from D. heardDA( )3. —How often do you _______ your grandmother?
—Once a month.
A. get a letter to
B. hear from
C. hear a letter from
D. write fromB★13. hope， wish
【辨析】
两者都可以作动词，表示“希望”。hope用作动词时，后面可接不定式或that从句，但不能接“宾语＋不定式”(即不能用hope sb. to do结构)。wish作动词时，后面接不定式或“宾语＋不定式”都可以，wish接 that从句时，一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”，常用虚拟语气。 注意：(1)wish可表示良好的“祝愿”，后面接“宾语＋宾补(形容词或名词)”，而hope不能这样用。
(2)在简略句中，如要表示希望某事不会发生时，应说I hope not，而不说 I don’t hope so。
(3)此外，hope和wish都可以作名词。 【举例】
I hope to be a doctor.=I hope that I can be a doctor. 我希望我能当一名医生。
I hope she will be well again. 我希望她会痊愈。(不能说“I hope her to be well again.”。)
I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day. 但愿有一天我能乘坐宇宙飞船飞向月球。(句中could为虚拟用法，不可用can。) I wish I were you. 但愿我是你就好了。(句中were为虚拟用法。)
We wish to visit Yanan. 我希望能参观延安。
We wish you (to be)happy. 我希望你幸福。
I wish you a long life. 祝你长寿。
He gave up all hope. 他放弃了一切希望。
Thank you for giving me hope. Best wishes to you, too! 谢谢你给我希望。也衷心祝愿你！【演练】
( )1. —What are you going to do when you grow up？
—A singer， but my parents wish me ________ a teacher.
A. am B. to be
C. will be D. be
( )2. I _______ you’ll be better soon.
A. make B. get
C. hope D. wishBC( )3. I _______ Rachel to be my partner.
A. wish
B. hope
C. expecting
D. look forwardA课件50张PPT。★14. put on， wear， dress， in
【辨析】
(1)put on意为“穿上；戴上”，强调“穿”“戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。
(2)wear意为“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。
(3)dress的宾语通常是人，意为“给……穿衣服”。dress oneself 或 get dressed表示“给自己穿衣服”。be dressed in 的意思是“穿着”，表示状态。 (4)in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或定语。
【举例】
He put on his hat and went out. 他戴上帽子出去了。
The teacher wears glasses. 老师戴着眼镜。
His mother dressed him in new clothes. 他的妈妈给他穿上了新衣服。 She is dressed in a pink dress. 她穿着一条粉色的裙子。
She is in a coat. 她穿着大衣。
The boy in blue is my brother. 那个穿蓝色衣服的男孩是我弟弟。
【演练】
( )1. Betty seldom _______ her rings.
A. has B. puts on C. in D. wearsD( )2. _______ your coat and scarf. It’s freezing outside.
A. Putting on B. Wear
C. Put on D. Take off
( )3. My daughter is old enough to ____ herself.
A. put on B. wear
C. get dressed D. dress
( )4. Do you know the girl _____ a bright pink skirt?
A. dressed B. in
C. has on D. withCDB★15. join， join in, take part in
【辨析】
三者都可以表示“参加”。
(1)join后面直接接名词，表示“加入某一组织、党派、社会团体而成为其中的一员”，也可以直接接表示人的名词或代词，表示“加入到某人或某些人的行列当中去”。?
(2)join in sth./doing sth. 意为“参加”，后面接的宾语一般是表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动的名词或动名词。 (3) take part in指参加会议或群众性的活动，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用。
【举例】
Finally， he decided to join the Chess Club. 最后，他决定加入象棋俱乐部。
We’re going for a walk. Would you like to join us？ 我们要去散步。你愿意和我们一起去吗？ Can I join in the game? 我可以参加这个游戏吗？
Kate took part in the sports meeting and won several medals for her team. 凯特参加了运动会并为她的队伍赢得了数块奖牌。
【演练】
( )1. How many countries will ______ the World Cup？
A. take part B. join
C. take part in D. join inC( )2. She ________ the Health Club.
A. join B. took part in
C. joins in D. joined
( )3. They all ________ singing the song.
A. join B. take part in
C. attend D. join inDD★16. keep doing, keep on doing, keep sb. from doing, keep sb. doing
【辨析】
keep doing和 keep on doing均可表示“继续做某事；反复做某事”， 可互换，只是 keep on 更加强调时间的间隔性和动作的反复性，以及某人做某事的决心。
keep sb. from doing sth. 意为“防止某人做某事”，keep sb. doing sth. 表示“使某人一直做某事”。keep…from doing sth. 与prevent…from doing sth.，stop…from doing sth. 用法相同，前者中的from不可省略，后两者在主动语态中from可以省略，而在被动语态中from则不可省略。【举例】
The boy kept/kept on asking some silly questions in class. 这个男孩一直在课堂上问些蠢问题。
The heavy rain kept us from arriving on time. 大雨阻止了我们按时到达。(句中的kept相当于stopped或prevented)
Sorry for keeping you waiting for so long. 很抱歉让你等了这么久。【演练】
( )1. What kept you _______ me?
A. to join B. from joining
C. on joining D. join
( )2. He kept _______ there for half an hour without moving.
A. to sit B. sat C. sitting D. sitBC( )3. Our Chinese teacher ______ us reading by ourselves the whole class.
A. let B. advised
C. suggested D. kept
( )4. He _______ until midnight though he was tired.
A. kept on working
B. kept himself from working
C. kept to work
D. kept her workingDA( )5. Mom asked me to close the front door ___ the wind _____ the newspapers away.
A. to keep； from blowing
B. stopping； blowing
C. to keep； blowing
D. stopped； blowA★17. leave， forget，lose
【辨析】
leave, forget都可表示“遗忘”。leave后可接具体地点，常用于leave sth./sb. sw.结构中，表示“将……遗忘/落在某处”。forget表此意时，宾语后面不可接具体地点，但可以接事物或人，即forget sth./sb.，表示“忘记……”。
lose意为“丢失；失去；失败”，lose sth.表示“丢失某物”。【举例】
She left my sister at the airport. 她把我妹妹落在机场了。
She forgot my sister. 她把我妹妹忘了。
On that day, many people lost everything in the stock market crash. And our dog lost its life in a car accident. 在那天，很多人在股市暴跌中失去了一切，而我家的狗也在一次车祸中丧生。【演练】
( )1. I’m afraid that I’ve _______ my key in the office.
A. lost B. forgot C. left D. missed
( )2. Oh my God! How could I _______ my birthday?
A. lose B. lost C. leave D. forget
( )3. She _______ her wallet by accident.
A. lost B. left C. missed D. forgotCDA★18. leave， leave for， leave…for…
【辨析】
三者都有“离开”之意。leave意为“出发；离开”，为不及物动词；它也可以作及物动词，意为“离开某地”，后面常接地点名词或副词。leave for 表示“到……地方去”。leave…for…表示“离开某地去另一个地方”，牵涉两个地方。 【举例】
I’m thinking about leaving tonight. 我在考虑今晚离开。
She’s leaving for Shenzhen the day after tomorrow. 她后天要到深圳去。
Linda left Guangzhou for Changsha two days ago. 琳达两天前离开广州去了长沙。【演练】
( )1. —When are you _______？
—Early tomorrow morning.
A. leave B. leave for C. leaving D. left
( )2. Yes， I’ll _______ Hainan tomorrow night.
A. leave for B. leave on
C. leave off D. leave out
( )3. She left Zhongshan _______ Foshan a year later.
A. to B. towards C. for D. ofCAC★19. like， love， enjoy
【辨析】
三者都可以表示“喜爱”，其后都可接名词、代词、动名词。
(1)like意为“喜欢；爱好”，语气较弱，其后还可接不定式作宾语。
(2)love意为“爱；爱好”，在感情上比like强烈，常可互换。
(3)enjoy意为“喜欢；欣赏”，还有“乐于；享受……的乐趣”的意思，其后不能接不定式。另外enjoy oneself意为“玩得愉快”，相当于have a good time，have fun。【举例】
He likes playing/to play volleyball. 他喜欢打排球。
They love playing/to play table tennis. 他们爱打乒乓球。(love可用like替换)
Many old people enjoy living in a village. 许多老年人喜欢在乡村居住。
They all enjoyed themselves at the party. 他们在聚会上都玩得非常愉快。【演练】
( )1. —What subject do you _______ best?
—Geography.
A. enjoy B. prefer
C. loved D. like
( )2. Philip _______ himself playing tennis with Bruce.
A. enjoy B. had fun
C. enjoyed D. had a good timeDC( )3. The more she knows about him, the more she _______ to communicate with him.
A. love
B. likes
C. enjoyed
D. preferB★20. listen (to)， hear
【辨析】
两者都有“听”的意思。listen是不及物动词，其后若接宾语要加介词to，listen to表示听的动作及过程，不涉及结果。hear是及物动词，表示“听到”，强调结果。
【举例】
Listen! Do you hear what she is saying? 听！你听见她在说些什么吗？ Can you hear me? 你能听见我说话吗？
We listened to her attentively for a long time but heard nothing. 我们聚精会神地听她说了半天，但(她说了啥)我们什么也没听到。
【演练】
( )1. Look！They’re ____ the teacher carefully.
A. listening B. hearing
C. listening to D. hearing toC( )2. Hey, come in! Don’t you _______ me？
A. hear B. listen to
C. listen D. caught
( )3. I _______ nothing although I _______ her with all my attention.
A. heard; listened to
B. listened; heard
C. heard; listened
D. listened to; heardAA★21. look， see， watch， notice， read
【辨析】
它们都可以表示“看”。look指集中注意力地看，强调“看”的动作。see强调“看”的结果。watch意为“观看；注视”，指以较大的注意力观看，如看电视、比赛等。notice意为“看到；注意到”，指有意识地注意，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。read只用于看书报或杂志之类。 【举例】
Look at the picture on the wall. Isn’t it nice？ 看墙上的图片，是不是很好看？
I looked for a long time， but I saw nothing. 我看了好久，但什么也没看到。
He watched TV for over five hours last Sunday. 他上周日看了五个多小时的电视。
He noticed a purse lying on the road. 他注意到地上有个钱包。
Father reads the morning paper every day. 爸爸每天看晨报。【演练】
( )1. Please _______ the blackboard.
A. look B. see
C. look at D. look for
( )2. May I _______ the football game now？
A. see B. watch
C. look D. watchingCB( )3. Did you _______ anything unusual？
A. saw B. look
C. notice D. read
( )4. Can you _______ the word clearly？
A. noticing B. to see
C. notice D. see
( )5. I’ve never _____ such an interesting comic book before.
A. seen B. read
C. readed D. watchedCDB★22. look for， find， find out
【辨析】
三者都与“找”有关。look for意为“寻找”，强调找的过程，结果未知。find意为“找到”，强调找的结果。find out意为“查出；查明”，表示经过调查、访问等努力之后才找到或发现事实，弄清真相。 【举例】
I’m looking for my pen but I can’t find it. 我正在找我的钢笔，但我找不到。
So far they have not found a way to fight the virus. 迄今为止，他们还没有找到一种对抗该病毒的方法。
Can you find out Tom’s address for me？ 你能为我查出汤姆的住址吗？【演练】
( )1. Remember, wherever you go, I _______ you.
A. will find B. find
C. will look for D. find out
( )2. The police _______ the missing child in the mountain， but they couldn’t _______ him.
A. found; look for
B. were looking for; find
C. looked for; find
D. looked for; found outAC( )3. In the end, people _______ what caused the accident.
A. will find out
B. found
C. found out
D. realizeC★23. offer， provide
【辨析】
两者都有“提供”之意。offer侧重表示“愿意给予”，常用于offer sb. sth./offer sth. to sb. “提供某人某物”和 offer to do sth. “主动提出做某事”结构中。provide指为应付意外、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“供给；提供”，常用在短语provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb.中，这两个短语均表示“为某人提供某物”，通常可以互换。 【举例】
She offered me a cup of tea/offered a cup of tea to me. 她给我端了杯茶。
He offered to go instead of me. 他主动提出代替我去。
The peasants provide us with grain and vegetables/provide grain and vegetables for us. 农民们供给我们粮食和蔬菜。【演练】
( )1. The school _____ food for these students.
A. supplied B. offered
C. provided D. gave
( )2. She _______ me a cup of coffee.
A. provided B. offered C. give D. supply
( )3. He offered _______ me some books.
A. to lend B. to borrow
C. for lending D. of borrowingCBA★24. say， speak， talk， tell
【辨析】
(1) say意为“说”，强调说话的内容，也可以表示某处“写有”。
(2) speak作不及物动词时，意为“说话”，强调说话的动作或能力；作及物动词时，意为“讲”，后面接某种语言。
(3) talk意为“谈话；交谈”，强调两人之间的交谈。常见的搭配有：talk with/to sb. 与某人交谈；talk about sth. 谈论某事。
(4) tell意为“告诉；讲述”，后面常接双宾语，即：tell sb. sth./tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事。 【举例】
Be quiet, I have something to say. 安静，我有话要说。
Tom， your boss wants to speak to you. 汤姆，你老板想跟你谈谈。
Many of them can speak two or three or more languages besides English. 他们当中许多人除了英语外，还会说其他两三门语言，有的人甚至更多。 First， you should talk to your teacher about the problems in your study. 首先，你应该跟你的老师谈谈你学习中的问题。
Has anybody told him the latest news？ 有没有人把最新的消息告诉他？【演练】
( )1. I think I can _______ it in English. Let me have a try.
A. speak B. said C. say D. talking
( )2. My uncle often _______ us funny stories when we were young.
A. said B. spoke C. told D. tellsCC( )3. Could you _______ at the age of one？
A. talk B. tell C. say D. speak
( )4. She’s an active girl， and she likes _____ to others.
A. speak B. talking C. to tell D. talks
( )5. Ashley could ______ German and French.
A. speak B. spoke C. say D. toldDBA★25. spend， cost， take， pay
【辨析】
以上四者都可以表示“花费”。
(1)spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：spend time/money on sth. “在……上花费时间/金钱”； spend time/money (in) doing sth. “花费时间/金钱做某事”。
(2)cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法有sth. cost (s) sb. money “某物花了某人多少钱”。 (3)take往往表示花时间，常见用法有it takes/took sb. time to do sth. “做某事花了某人多少时间”；doing sth. takes/took sb. time“做某事花了某人多少时间”。
(4)pay的基本用法是pay (sb.) money for sth. “付钱(给某人)买……”；pay for sth. “付……的钱”；pay for sb. “替某人付钱”。【举例】
I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。
They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 他们花了两年时间建造这座桥。
A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
It took them three years to build this road. 他们花三年时间修完了这条路。 Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修这辆车。
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付给他们20英镑的房租。
I have to pay for the lost book. 我不得不为丢失的书赔款。【演练】
( )1. I have _______ all day looking for you.
A. spent B. spended
C. cost D. paid
( )2. How much did it _______ to build the bridge?
A. spend B. paid
C. cost D. tookAC( )3. It _______ my father about half an hour to cook supper last night.
A. paid B. took
C. spent D. cost
( )4. He _______ much time on books.
A. pays B. takes
C. costs D. spendsBD( )5. —How much is the ticket to Central Park？
—A one-way ticket _______ ￥40， and you can _______ another ￥20 for a round-trip.
A. costs； pay
B. cost；spend
C. pay； spend
D. spends； payA课件31张PPT。★26. stop doing， stop to do
【辨析】
stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”，doing是stop 的宾语，是要停止的动作。stop to do sth. 表示“停下(手中的事)开始做(另外一件)事”，to do是stop的状语，表示目的，是要开始做的事情。 【举例】
The two girls stopped talking when they saw me. 那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。
The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me. 这两个女孩一看到我就停下来和我讲话。【演练】
( )1. Stop ________ noise. The dean(主任) is coming!
A. make B. made
C. making D. to make
( )2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______.
A. to have rested B. resting
C. to rest D. restCC( )3. While we were running on the playground， Jack suddenly stopped ________ and lay on the ground， so we all stopped ________ what was wrong with him.
A. to run； to see
B. running； seeing
C. running； to see
D. to run； seeingC★27. take， bring， carry， get
【辨析】
(1)take意为“拿去；带去”，指把某物或某人从说话处带到别处去，与bring所表达的方向相反(单程)。
(2)bring意为“拿来；带来”，指把某物或某人从别处带到说话处来。
(3)get意为“取来”，表示到某处把某人请来或把某物取来，此时相当于fetch。
(4)carry意为“搬运；携带”，没有方向性。 【举例】
May I take this magazine home? 我能把这本杂志带回家吗？
The teacher asked the students to bring their dictionaries to the class. 老师要求学生们把他们的字典带到课堂上来。
Go and get some water. 去取些水来。
He carried the box upstairs. 他把盒子搬上了楼。【演练】
( )1. Please ______ the book to Mr.Black when you go to see him, OK?
A. take B. bring
C. get D. carry
( )2. Father ______ me a present from Australia. I like it a lot.
A. took B. got
C. brought D. carriedAC( )3. Do you know the woman who is _______ a baby in her arms?
A. taking B. carrying
C. taken D. brought
( )4. There is no water in the bottle. Why not go and _______ some?
A. take B. get
C. to take D. to getBB★28. thanks for， thanks to
【辨析】
thanks for是客套用语，thanks相当于 thank you，意为“因……而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或动名词。thanks to意为“多亏了……；由于……的帮助”， 表示感谢对方，由于其所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。thanks to相当于because of…或 with the help of…， 其中to是一个介词，后接名词或代词。 【举例】
Thanks for your help/helping me. 谢谢你的帮助。
Thanks to the doctor， I am well again. 多亏这位医生，我身体又康复了。
【演练】
( )1. _______ your suggestion, I managed to make fewer mistakes.
A. Thank to B. Thanks you for
C. Thanks to D. ThanksC( )2. Thanks _______ inviting me.
A. to
B. for
C. of
D. byB★29. used to do，be used to do/be used for doing，be/get used to doing
【辨析】
used to do表示“过去常常做”。be used to do/be used for doing表示“被用来做”。be/get used to doing表示“习惯于做”。
附：be used by意为“被……使用”，介词by后面接动作的执行者；be used as意为“被用作……”，介词as表示“作为”，其后通常接名词。 【举例】
He used to get up early. 过去他常常早起。(现在已经不这样了)
Wood is used to make paper.=Wood is used for making paper. 木材用来造纸。
Her mother used to go shopping on Fridays, but now she is/gets used to doing it on Sundays. 她母亲过去常在周五去购物，但现在她习惯于周日去了。 He will be /get used to getting up early. 他将会习惯于早起。
The computer in the corner is used in class by teachers. 角落里的那台电脑是老师们上课时用的。
This piece of cloth is used as a curtain. 这块布被用作窗帘。【演练】
( )1. He _____ used to working in the country.
A. / B. got
C. be D. get
( )2. Was he used to _______ in the castle？
A. live B. lived
C. lives D. livingBD( )3. You’ll get used _______ your new job.
A. to B. for C. in D. as
( )4. This basin (水池) _______ store water.
A. is used to B. used to
C. is used for D. used for
( )5. I used to _______ much meat, but now I’m used to _______ more vegetables.
A. eating; eating B. ate; eating
C. eat; eating D. eating; eatAAC★30. use up， run out of， run out， be used up
【辨析】
它们都有“用尽”之意。use up 表示“用尽(材料、时间等)”，相当于run out of，充当及物动词短语，主语一般为人。run out表示“被用完；被耗尽”，相当于use up的被动形式be used up，用作不及物动词短语，主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词。 注意：use up 是一个动副短语，如果代词作宾语，只能放在use和up的中间。类似的短语还有：eat up “吃光”， drink up“喝光”等。
【举例】
We ran out of/used up our coal， and had to burn wood. 我们的煤用完了，所以不得不烧柴。
All his savings are running out/being used up. 他所有的积蓄都用光了。【演练】
( )1. Time is _______.
A. run out B. running out
C. run out of D. running out of
( )2. They have _______ their money.
A. used up B. run out
C. used up of D. run upBA( )3. The battery finally ______ before sunset.
A. used up
B. ran out
C. used out
D. went outB★31. want， would like， feel like
【辨析】
三者都可以表示“想要……”。want或would like后面可接不定式或其复合结构，即want/would like to do，want/would like sb. to do，但不能接动名词。feel like后面可接动名词，即feel like doing，也可接从句，但不能接不定式。 【举例】
I feel like (having)a drink.=I would like (to have)a drink.=I want (to have)a drink. 我想喝一杯。
Do you feel like taking a walk?=Would you like to take a walk?=Do you want to take a walk? 你要不要散步？
I don’t feel like eating anything.=I don’t want to eat anything. 我什么都不想吃。【演练】
( )1. Sue ________ to sing with her sister on weekends.
A. feels like B. wants
C. like D. enjoys
( )2. I _______ Ben to go for a picnic with me.
A. feel like B. would like
C. like D. am wantingBB( )3. She wasn’t well, so she didn’t _______ eating.
A. want to B. like to
C. felt like D. feel like
( )4. —_______ you like something to eat?
—Yes, please.
A. Do B. Would
C. Are D. CouldDB★32. win， beat
【辨析】
win意为“赢得比赛；获胜”，其宾语是表示比赛(game， match， contest， competition， war)、奖品(prize，medal)等内容的名词，不能是人。beat 更侧重“打败；胜过”之意，其后所接的宾语多是某运动员或球队之类。此外，beat还可以表示“敲打；(心脏等)跳动”。
附：win a match赢得比赛；beat sb.打败某人；beat sb. in a match在一场比赛中打败某人。【举例】
We won the basketball game. 我们赢了篮球赛。
Who won the race? 谁赢了赛跑？
Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100?metre race. 李磊在百米赛跑中打败了所有的对手。
We are sure to beat them. 我们肯定会打败他们。【演练】
( )1. Last week our school ______ their school at football.
A. won B. winned
C. beated D. beat
( )2. He _______ the first place in the shooting competition.
A. winner B. get
C. won D. beatDC( )3. I’m sure they can _______ Class 3 in the basketball match.
A. win B. beat
C. beaten D. won
( )4. The youngest athlete ___ his competitors and ______ the gold medal in the end.
A. won; beat B. beat; won
C. won; won D. beat; beatBB★33. sound, sound like
【辨析】
两者都可表示“听起来”。sound是系动词，意为“听起来……样”，其后通常接形容词。sound like是动介词组，意为“听起来像……”，like是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。有时动名词前还可以带逻辑主语，即sound like sb. doing sth.，意为“听起来似乎是某人正在做某事”。【举例】
Jimmy’s idea sounds good. 吉米的主意听起来不错。
—What’s the noise？ 是什么噪音？ —It sounds like a wolf. 听起来像狼的声音。
That sounds like Bill coming up the stairs. 听起来似乎是比尔在上楼。【演练】
( )1. —How about going hiking？
—_______ great！
A. Sounds B. Sound like
C. Sounds like D. It sound
( )2. I think it _______ a baby crying.
A. sounds B. sounds like
C. like D. sound like
( )3. That _______ a lot of fun.
A. listens B. sounds C. sounds like D. likeABC课件58张PPT。介词类单词、词组辨析★1. after, behind
【辨析】
(1)after意为“在……(时间)之后”， 也可意为“在……(地点)之后”，表示次序。
(2)behind后面接表示地点的名词时，意为“在……后面”，着重指位置的前后；偶尔也指时间，表示“按照一定的时刻而迟了”的意思。【举例】
He came after ten o’clock. 他十点以后来的。
“Against” comes after “again” in this dictionary. 在这本字典中“against”排在“again”之后。
The garden is behind the house. 花园在房子后面。
You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。【演练】
( )1. Two days _____ his arrival, I called on him.
A. after B. behind
C. later D. in
( )2. I walked out and closed the door _______ me.
A. before B. after
C. behind D. outsideAC★2. after all， above all， in all， all in all， first of all
【辨析】
(1)after all意为“毕竟；终究；到底”，表示一种让步语气，通常放句首。
(2)above all意为“首要的是；尤其； 最重要的是”，强调需要特别注意的地方，通常放句首。
(3)in all意为“总共；合计”，与in total, altogether同义，通常放句中或句尾。 (4)all in all意为“大体而言；总之”，与in a word同义，通常放句首。
(5)first of all意为“首先”，通常放句首。
【举例】
After all， it is not her fault， so don’t blame it on her. 这毕竟不是她的错，所以不要因此而责备她。
Above all， we are still friends. 最重要的是，我们仍然是朋友。 24 monkeys in all. They all gathered near this plant. 一共24只猴子。它们都聚集在这棵植物周围。
All in all， it has been a great success. 总的来说，非常成功。
First of all， you should know what job suits you. 首先，你该知道什么职业适合你。【演练】
( )1. _______， he’s an excellent teacher.
A. All in all B. In the word
C. In all D. In a short
( )2. _______， the small company has raised 38?5 million dollars.
A. In end B. In all
C. Of all D. At allAB( )3. He is sure to come. _____， he’s already accepted the invitation.
A. Above all
B. After all
C. All in all
D. First of allB★3. ago, before
【辨析】
(1)ago意为“……以前”，指从此刻起若干时间以前，通常与过去时连用。
(2)before 意为“……以前”，指从那时起若干时间以前，通常与完成时、过去时等连用。before还可用作前置词或连接词表时间，而ago则不能这样用。before可作介词、副词或连词。【举例】
It happened two days ago. 这件事发生在两天以前。
He said that he had seen her two days before. 他说他两天前见到过她。(表示从她说话那时起的两天前)
【演练】
( )1. I met him a few minutes _______.
A. before B. front C. ago D. after
( )2. I have seen that film _______.
A. after B. ago C. before D. sinceCC★4. like，as
【辨析】
两者都可表示“像……一样”, 但它们的区别在于：like是介词，用于名词、代词、动名词之前；as是连词，用于分句之前。但在口语中，like往往也可用作连词，并可与as互换。当表示职业、身份、作用等意义时，两者都作介词，此时的区别在于：as 意为“作为”，表示比较的双方具有同一性(即同属一类或完全相似)；like意为“像”，只表示在某些方面相似。【举例】
Like me, she enjoys all kinds of music. 她和我一样, 各种音乐都喜爱。
She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do. 她各种音乐都喜爱, 和我一样。
Nobody understands him like/as I do. 没有人能像我这样理解他。(口语中，like也可作连词。)
He worked as a slave. 他是奴隶。(即：他实际上就是奴隶。)
He worked like a slave. 他像奴隶一样工作。(即：他工作很辛苦，但仍是自由人，不是奴隶。)【演练】
( )1. Do everything _______ I do.
A. as B. after
C. that D. likes
( )2. He _______ his mother.
A. like B. looks like
C. be like D. asAB( )3. She _______ a teacher for many years.
A. is like B. works
C. works as D. work for
( )4. Our doctor always talks to me _______ a teacher talking to a child.
A. as B. like
C. likes D. likingCB★5. at the end of…， by the end of…， in the end
【辨析】
at the end of…意为“在……的尽头/末端(可以指时间，也可以指空间)”，其反义词组是at the beginning of。by the end of…意为“到……(时间)末”, 多用于完成时。in the end意为“最后；终于”，可单独使用，后面没有of，其同义词(组)为finally， at last。【举例】
Who says that we’ll have an exam at the end of this month？ 谁说这个月末我们会举行考试？
We’ve learned about 9, 000 words by the end of this semester. 到这个学期末为止，我们已学了大约9，000个单词。
He tried many times， and in the end， he succeeded. 他尝试了很多次，最后，他成功了。【演练】
( )1. I’m sure everything will work out by itself ________.
A. at the end B. by the end of
C. in the end D. in the end of
( )2. We’ll have an exam _______ January.
A. in the end B. at the end
C. at the end of D. by the end ofCC( )3. _______ last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.
A. By the end of
B. In the end
C. At the end of
D. To the endA★6. among, between, in the middle of
【辨析】
(1)among意为“在……之中/中间”， 指三者或三者以上，通常表示某一范围。
(2)between意为“在……之间”，指在两者之间，常与and 连用。
(3)in the middle of意为“在……中间”，指在某事物中间，强调事物两端的中间。【举例】
Someone is wrong among us. 我们中间有人错了。
There is a river between us. 在我们两人之间有一条河。
I’m standing between a house and a big tree. 我站在一座房子和一棵大树中间。
There is a bus stop in the middle of the road. 在这条公路中间有个公交车站。【演练】
( )1. There is a small village _______ the three mountains.
A. between B. at
C. below D. among
( )2. I used to spend a lot of time travelling _______ London and Paris.
A. from B. among
C. in the middle of D. betweenDD( )3. He is standing _______ the classroom.
A. among
B. between
C. in the middle of
D. atC★7. be good for， be good at， be good to， be good with
【辨析】
be good for意为“对……有好处”，反义词组是be bad for，意为“对……有坏处”。 be good at (doing)意为“在……方面(学得、做得)好；擅长……”，近义词组是do well in (doing)。be good to意为“对……好；对……仁慈(和善)”。be good with意为“与……相处融洽”，同义短语为get along/on well with。 【举例】
Sleeping too much is actually bad for your health. 睡得太多对你的身体健康反而不好。
Some of the children are good at learning languages. 其中一些孩子擅长学习语言。
Our door?keeper is good to everyone in the factory. 我们的门卫对工厂里每个人都很好。
Try to be good with your new neighbors， that’s good for you. 努力与你的新邻居相处好，那对你有好处。【演练】
( )1. Mandy _______ English.
A. is good for B. is good to
C. does well in D. is well at
( )2. To be a teacher in a kindergarten(幼儿园)， first you should learn to be good ________ kids.
A. of B. with C. at D. forCB( )3. Eating vegetables _______ our health.
A. are good for B. is good with
C. are good at D. is good for
( )4. Was Jim good at _______ short stories?
A. wrote B. write
C. writing D. to writeDC★8. across， cross, through， past, pass
【辨析】
(1)across， through， past作介词。across意为“横跨；横穿；穿越”，与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过；越过；横穿”的意思，与cross基本同义；across (from)还可以表示“在/到……对面”。 through意为“穿过；通过；贯穿；透过”，常与go， walk等动词连用，主要表示从物体内部穿过，如穿过森林、隧道等。past作介词时，意为“过去；经过”；作名词或形容词时，意为“过去(的)”。 (2)cross， pass是动词。cross意为“横过；交叉”， 主要表示在物体表面上横穿，如横过马路、过桥、过河等，与go across同义。pass意为“经过；穿过；渡过”， 相当于动词后面接past， 如go/travel/run past。pass by意为“走过；路过”。 【举例】
Be careful when you cross (go/walk across) the street. 过马路时要小心。
As Sam passed (walked past) the museum door， a fire broke out. 当山姆经过博物馆门口时，一场大火爆发了。 The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China. 绿色长城横跨中国西北。
Go across (=Cross) the road， you will find the post office on your left. 横过这条公路，你会发现邮局就在你的左边。
The two friends were walking through the forest. 这两个朋友正沿着森林走。
After they went past (=passed) the forest， they came to a river. 他们穿过那片树林后，来到了一条河边。【演练】
( )1. Three months ________ and then one morning， Sam found his wallet outside his front door.
A. passed B. past C. crossed D. pass
( )2. The river runs ________ our city.
A. across B. through C. cross D. pass
( )3. Before walking _______ the bridge, buy some drinks in the store.
A. cross B. across
C. through D. crossingABB★9. except, besides, but, except for, beside
【辨析】
这四个词里，except和besides是中考重点。
(1)except 表示“除……之外(没有……)”，强调所排除的“不包括在内”，一般表示在同类的整体中除去一个部分。
(2)besides表示“除了……(还有……)”，指在整体中加入一部分，有“加上”之意。 (3)but表示“除……之外”，与except的用法基本相同，但着重强调整句的内容，且习惯置于every/all/ any/nobody/nothing/no/who等词后面。
(4)except for也表示“除……以外”，指对某种基本情况进行具体的细节方面的修正，其后所接的词同句子中的整体词(主语)不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节、一个方面。
(5)beside是方位介词，表示 “在……旁边”，相似于near, next to等。【举例】
I like all the fruit except pears. 除了梨外，我喜欢所有的水果。
What have you done this morning, besides reading newspapers and watching TV? 除了看报纸和看电视之外，你今天上午还做了些什么？
Nobody was late but her. 除她之外，没有人迟到。 The film is perfect except for a few shots. 如果除去那几个镜头, 这部影片就很完美了。
They are used to taking a walk on the path beside the river. 他们习惯于在河边的小路上散步。
【演练】
( )1. _____ his wife，his daughter also went to see him.
A. Besides B. Beside
C. But D. ExceptA( )2. Nobody went to see him ______ his wife.
A. expect B. except
C. besides D. except for
( )3. Do you know any other foreign language _______ English?
A. except B. but
C. beside D. besides BD( )4. They all went to see the film except _____.
A. she B. her
C. us D. hers
( )5. I moved from behind my desk to sit _____ her.
A. besides B. except
C. near to D. besideBD★10. since, from, for
【辨析】
三者都能用来表示时间，但用法不同。
(1)since 意为“自从……”，所表示的是一个时间点。它既可以用作介词，又可以用作连词，后接时间名词或短语，也可以用来引导时间状语从句。主句的谓语动词用完成时态，且为延续性动词；而since引导的从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时，且为短暂性动词。 (2)from 意为“自从……”， 只用作介词，表示一个事情的开始点，可用于过去、现在或将来时态。
(3)for作介词，后面接时间段，用于完成时、现在时、过去时和将来时，句中要用延续性动词。【举例】
He has worked there since 1989. 从1989年起，他就在那里工作了。
She has been living here since she moved here. 自从她搬到这里来以后，她就一直住在这里。
They worked from 7:00 to 12:00 this morning. 他们今天早晨从七点工作到十二点。 We’ll stay here for ten minutes. 我们将在这儿待10分钟。
They have studied English for three years. 他们已经学英语三年了。
My aunt has worked in the clinic since nine years ago. 我姑姑从九年前到现在一直在这家诊所工作。(注意区别：My aunt worked in the clinic nine years ago. 我姑姑九年前在这家诊所工作。) My aunt has been working in the clinic for nine years. 我姑姑在这家诊所工作九年了。(句中的for nine years相当于前句中的 since nine years ago。)
【演练】
( )1. Two weeks has passed since the new term_______.
A. has begun B. began
C. begins D. was begunB( )2. I _______ Mary since she was a little girl.
A. knew
B. have known
C. know
D. began to know
( )3. I have lived here _____ more than twenty years ago.
A. since B. for C. from D. /BA( )4. Breakfast is available to fishermen ______ 6:00 to 7:30 a.m.
A. from B. for
C. Since D. at
( )5. They’ve been in China _______ one and a half years.
A. in B. for
C. every D. afterAB★11. in， after， later
【辨析】
三者都含有“在……以后”的意思。区别如下：
(1)in作介词，用来表示从现在算起的“过一段时间以后”，常用于将来时。
(2)after可作介词，其后既可接时间点，又可接时间段。如果after用于一般将来时，那么其后只接时间点。
(3)later作副词，可以指过去，也可指将来，常常放在表示时间段的名词之后。 【举例】
They will arrive in half an hour. 半小时后他们将到达。
He started to go again after two days. 两天以后，他又走了。
At first she was asleep. Half an hour later(After half an hour) she woke up. 开始她睡着了，半小时后醒来了。【演练】
( )1. Four days _____, they reached the island.
A. after B. on
C. later D. in
( )2. We’ll meet him _______ two o’clock.
A. in B. for
C. after D. laterCC( )3. The 30th Sports Meeting will be held in this city ________ about six weeks this year.
A. at
B. on
C. after
D. inD★12. in， on， at
【辨析】
in， on， at后面均可以接时间，表示“在……(时候)”。区别如下：
(1)in除了接时间段用在将来时中，还可接年份、季节、月份等，或者用在一些固定短语当中。
(2) on后接具体的一天或者具体一天的上午、下午或晚上，或者用在一些固定短语当中。
(3)at后接具体时刻，或者用在一些固定短语当中。【举例】
in 2008 在2008年； in winter 在冬季； in August， 1938 在1938年8月； in the end 最后；终于；in a minute 立刻；马上；in time 及时
on August 28th， 1938 在1938年8月28号； on Monday 在星期一；on Christmas Day 在圣诞节；on a cold， wet morning 在一个寒冷、潮湿的早晨；on Sunday evening 在星期天晚上；on weekends 在周末；on time 准时 at half past six 在六点半；at mid?night 在半夜；at breakfast 在早餐时；at first 首先；at the moment 现在；此时；at that time 在那时；at this time of day 在一天中的这个时候【演练】
( )1. —When was David born？ —He was born ________ June 12th, 1989.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
( )2. —The charity work begins ________ 9:00 a.m. Don’t be late.
—No problem.
A. in B. at C. on D. toCB( )3. —How soon will Rachel come home?
—_______ half a month.
A. In
B. On
C. For
D. AtA★13. in， with， by
【辨析】
三者都可以用来表示方式，意为“用……”。区别如下：
(1) in表示“用……方式；用……语言(或语调、笔墨、颜色等)”。
(2) with表示“用……工具(具体有形的工具)”。
(3) by 表示“以……方法、手段；搭乘某种交通工具；传达、传递的方式或媒介等”。 【举例】
What’s this in English？ 这个用英语怎么讲？
He broke the window with a stone. 他用一块石头击碎了玻璃。
He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他以卖报为生。
My elder brother gets to school by bus every day. 我哥哥每天乘公交车去上学。【演练】
( )1. Who’s the girl _______ white？
A. in B. of
C. under D. with
( )2. I can sing it _______ French.
A. of B. in
C. with D. byAB( )3. Please fill the bottle _______ water.
A. by B. with
C. in D. of
( )4. Do you go to school _______ bike or on foot？
A. on B. in
C. by D. withBC课件12张PPT。★14. instead， instead of
【辨析】
两者都可表示“代替；而不是”。instead常用于句中，后跟逗号，起连接上下句的作用，也可放在句尾。instead of后面接名词、代词或动名词。
【举例】
George didn’t go to Wales， instead， he stayed in London. 乔治没有去威尔士，而是待在了伦敦。 Emma played tennis with Ann instead of going swimming with Kate.=Emma didn’t go swimming with Kate， instead， she played tennis with Ann. 艾玛没有跟凯特去游泳，而是跟安去打网球了。
【演练】
( )1. Philip didn’t go hiking with his sister， _______， he stayed and played games alone at home.
A. instead B. rather than
C. instead of D. althoughA( )2. Philip stayed and played games alone at home instead of _______ hiking with his sister.
A. went B. going C. to go D. goes
( )3. Will you go to the meeting instead of _______？
A. she B. hers C. her D. my
( )4. He didn’t give Jack the money, but he gave it to me _______.
A. instead B. that
C. last D. instead of BCA★15. on time， in time
【辨析】
(1)on time意为“准时；按时”，指正好在约定的时间发生，言外之意是“既不早，也不晚”。
(2)in time则表示“及时；迟早”，指在约定的时间之前发生，意指正赶上时候或恰在需要的时候。 【举例】
Subways in this city are always on time. 这个城市的地铁总是准时的。
The ambulance got there just in time. 救护车正好及时赶到那里。
【演练】
( )1. We want to start the meeting ____ time， so please don’t be late.
A. on B. at C. with D. inA( )2. As long as you stick to it, you will make progress _______.
A. in time B. at a time
C. at one time D. on time
( )3. Thank you for telling me this news _____.
A. in time B. at times
C. at one time D. on timeAA★16. under， below
【辨析】
under指“在……正下方；少于(用于数量等)”，其反义词为over。below泛指“在……下方；少于(用于温度、高度等)”，其反义词为above。
【举例】
I want to have a rest under the tree. 我想在树下休息一会儿。
There is a lake below the mountain. 山下有个湖。【演练】
( )1. There’s a cat _______ the table.
A. in B. under
C. next D. between
( )2. Anyone who is _______ 18 years old isn’t allowed here.
A. under B. less
C. below D. onBA( )3. The temperature today is ten degrees _______ zero. It’s freezing cold.
A. above
B. on
C. below
D. underC★17. until， not…until
【辨析】
两者都可表示“直到”。until意为“直到”，表示某一种行为一直持续到某一时间，用于肯定句中，句子的谓语动词必须是延续性的。not…until 意为“直到……才”，表示某一行为直到某一时间才发生，之前该行为并没有发生，用于否定句中，主句中的谓语可以是延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。 注意：until也可以作连词，作连词时，后面要跟一个完整的句子；而作介词时，后面要接名词或名词短语。
【举例】
I studied English until 9 o’clock last night. 我昨晚学英语一直学到9点钟。(表示9点前一直在学。)
Jane didn’t go to sleep until midnight yesterday. 昨天简直到午夜才睡觉。(表示午夜前没有睡。)【演练】
( )1. I _______ the hospital until five o’clock.
A. left B. not leave
C. didn’t leave D. did leave
( )2. She _______ until ten o’clock.
A. went B. started
C. waited D. died
( )3. He didn’t turn up _____ half an hour later.
A. for B. since C. in D. untilCCD课件57张PPT。形容词和副词类单词、词组辨析★1. a bit, a little
【辨析】
这两个词都意为“一点儿”，有时可以互换，但有时不能。
(1)两者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，意为“一点儿；有些”。
(2)两者都可以用作名词词组，充当主语或宾语。
(3)a little可直接修饰名词，而a bit后面必须加of才可以。 (4)否定形式 not a little 作状语时，相当于very / quite, 意为“很；非常”；作定语和宾语时，相当于much，意为 “许多”。而not a bit 作状语时，相当于not at all， 意为“一点也不”；作宾语时，则相当于not much，意为“不多；不怎么样”。【举例】
I am a bit / little hungry. 我有点饿。
I think I’m getting a bit / little better each day. 我觉得我每天都在好转。
A bit / little is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。
There is a little water in the bottle.=There is a bit of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。
He is not a little (=very)hungry. 他饿极了。
He is not a bit (=not at all)hungry. 他一点也不饿。【演练】
( )1. To build a lab, we need _____ more money.
A. a bit of B. a little
C. a little of D. a few
( )2. If we want to save all the patients, we need _______ medicine.
A. a lot B. not a little
C. not a bit D. manyBB( )3. There is _______ bread in the fridge, take it first.
A. a little of
B. a bit
C. a bit of
D. severalC★2. alive, living, lively, live
【辨析】
前三个都可用作形容词，live则通常用作动词。
(1)alive意为“活着的；在世的”，既可修饰人，又可修饰物。alive可作表语、定语。当它作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词之后。 (2)living意为“活着的”，常置于名词之前用作定语，也可用作表语。living前加上the，表示类别，指“活着的人们”。living 还可用于固定短语中，如make a living谋生。
(3)lively意为“活泼的；充满活力的”，常作定语或表语。
(4)live作动词时，意为“生活；生存”，读做 /liv/；作形容词时，常意为“现场的；直播的”，读做 /laiv/。【举例】
They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着，并跟以前一样快活。
All the other people were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的人都阵亡了。他是唯一的幸存者。 Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。
The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛，呈现出一派生机勃勃的景象。
Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China. 熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。
We watched a live television show. 我们观看了一场电视现场直播的表演。【演练】
( )1. I just want to ______ to be 120 years old.
A. living B. alive
C. live D. lively
( )2. The concert will be broadcasted ______.
A. live B. lively
C. alive D. livingCA( )3. We don’t know whether he’s dead or _______.
A. life B. alive
C. live D. lively
( )4. He is regarded as one of the best _____ writers at present.
A. alive B. live
C. lively D. livingBD★3. all, whole
【辨析】
两者都可表示“全部；都；整个”，然而它们所修饰的词及词序不同。
(1)whole用来修饰单数可数名词，all多用来修饰不可数名词或复数可数名词。
(2)all和whole在句中的词序不同。whole常置于冠词 (a，an，the )、单数指示词或所有格词之后；而all常置于定冠词(the)、指示代词或所有格词之前。【举例】
He ate the whole pie. 他吃了整个馅饼。
He ate all the food. 他把所有食物都吃了。
He spent a whole day in the museum. 他在博物馆里度过了整整一天。
My whole day/All my day was ruined. 我的一整天都浪费了。
All John’s brothers are very tall. 约翰的所有兄弟个头都很高。【演练】
( )1. My teacher gave me _______ I needed.
A. the whole advice B. the all advice
C. all the advice D. whole the advice
( )2. _______ were relaxing on the beach.
A. The whole family
B. Whole the family
C. The all family
D. All familyCA★4. alone， lonely
【辨析】
(1)alone作形容词时，意为“单独的”，只能作表语。此外，alone 还可作副词，相当于by oneself/on one’s own，意为“单独地；独自”。
(2)lonely作形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的；荒凉的”，含有较浓的情感色彩，既可作定语，又可作表语。【举例】
I’m alone but I don’t feel lonely. 我单身一人，但我从不觉得孤独。
I’ll go there alone. 我将独自去那儿。
We’re together most of the time, so we never feel lonely. 我们大多时间在一起，所以我们从不觉得孤独。【演练】
( )1. The old peasant lived in a(n) _____ village far away， and he often feels _______.
A. alone; lonely B. lonely; lonely
C. alone; alone D. lonely; alone
( )2. Please don’t leave me _______.
A. lonesome B. lone
C. alone D. lonelyBC( )3. He felt even _______ in the middle of this modern city even though he didn’t live _______.
A. lonelier; alone
B. more alone; lonely
C. lonelier; lonely
D. alone; lonelyA★5. aloud， loud， loudly
【辨析】
(1)aloud作副词，意为“出声地；大声地”，常与read，call等动词连用，强调为了使人听见而发声，但声音不一定很大，通常不用于进行比较。
(2)loud作副词，意为“响亮地；高声地”，常与speak， talk， sing， laugh等动词连用，强调音量大、传播远，常用比较级形式。loud也可以作形容词，意为“大声的”。 (3)loudly作副词，意为“响亮地”，其基本意义与 loud 相同，还常与 ring，knock 等动词连用，含有“喧闹”或“嘈杂”的意味。
【举例】
Don’t read aloud in the library. 不要在图书馆里大声朗读。
Please speak louder， or no one can hear you. 请讲大声点，否则没有人能听到你的声音。
Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly. 突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。【演练】
( )1. The music is too _______. Please turn it down.
A. loudly B. loud
C. aloud D. aloudly
( )2. Don’t talk so _______.
A. loud B. loudly
C. aloudly D. aloudBB( )3. Please read the letter _______ so that everybody can hear you.
A. aloud
B. loud
C. loudly
D. aloudlyA★6. already, yet, still
【辨析】
(1)already意为“已经”，多用于肯定句中，通常与完成时连用。already也可用于疑问句中，但不表真心的疑问，而表“惊奇”。它常置于句中，有时为了强调而置于句末。
(2)yet意为“已经；仍然；还”，多与完成时连用，一般只用于否定句或疑问句中，且常常置于句末。 (3)still意为“仍然；还”，可用于各种句式中，且一般只置于句中。
【举例】
The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。
Have you already had breakfast? 难道你已经吃过早餐了？
He hasn’t found his bike yet. 他还没有找到他的自行车。
Do you still teach in that school? 你还在那所学校教书吗？【演练】
( )1. Have you found your ruler _______？
A. yet B. still C. almost D. already
( )2. I have _______ seen the film.
A. sometimes B. yet
C. still D. already
( )3. She hasn’t realized her mistake _______.
A. already B. still C. never D. yetADD★7. be famous as…， be famous for…，be famous to…
【辨析】
famous意为“著名的；闻名的”，相当于known/well?known。be famous as…意为“作为……而著名”。be famous for…意为“以……而著名”。 be famous to sb. 意为“广为人知的；大家都熟悉的” 。 【举例】
Song Zuying is famous/known/well?known as a great singer. 宋祖英作为一位了不起的歌唱家而闻名。
Chongqing is famous/known/well?known for its spicy food. 重庆以其辣的食物而闻名。
Chairman Mao is famous to every Chinese. 毛主席的名字广为人知(中国人都知道毛主席)。【演练】
( )1. Guilin is famous _______ its beautiful mountains and rivers.
A. as B. for C. to D. in
( )2. He is famous _______ a great inventor.
A. to B. for C. as D. with
( )3. Obama is famous _______ everyone in America.
A. for B. to C. as D. atBCB★8. be pleased with, be pleased to
【辨析】
(1)be pleased with意为“对……感到满意”，介词with后面常接人。be pleased with在意义上相当于be satisfied / happy with。
(2)be pleased to意为“乐意……； 因……而高兴”。to不是介词，而是小品词，后面接动词原形，即be pleased to do，相当于be happy / glad to do。【举例】
Both Mark and his mother were pleased with the girl. 马克和他妈妈都喜欢这个女孩。
I shall be pleased to go. 我将乐意去。
We are quite pleased to be working in this country. 能在这个国家工作，我们是十分高兴的。【演练】
( )1. The manager _______ you before.
A. was pleased with B. is pleased to
C. is pleased with D. was pleased to
( )2. My boss must _______ see you again in Hong Kong.
A. is pleased at
B. be pleased to
C. is pleased with
D. be pleased withAB★9. everyday， every day
【辨析】
everyday是形容词，意为“每天的；日常的”，后面要接被修饰的名词，其近义词为daily。every day是副词，意为“每天”，放在句首或句末，用来修饰整个句子。 【举例】
In our everyday (daily) life， we don’t very often meet an elephant. 在日常生活中，人们很少见到大象。
I don’t see her every day. 我不是每天都见到她。【演练】
( )1. She was dressed in her ______ clothes at the party.
A. every day B. everyday
C. casually D. usually
( )2. She can’t be with him _______.
A. everyweek B. everyday
C. every day D. a dayBC( )3. How do you go to school _______?
A. Monday
B. every day
C. everyday
D. weekdayB★10. good， well
【辨析】
两者都有“好”的意思。good是形容词，意为“好的”。well作副词时，意为“好地”；作形容词时，意为“身体好的；健康的”；作名词时，意为“井”；well还可以作语气词。 【举例】
Jim is a good student. 吉姆是位好学生。
He cannot speak English well. 他英语说得不流利。
Well， I’m quite well/fine. 哦，我身体很好。
【演练】
( )1. I’m not feeling _______ today.
A. nicely B. well
C. good D. badlyB( )2. That’s a _______ place to have fun.
A. wonderfully B. terribly
C. good D. well
( )3. His sister is a _______ singer. She sings _______.
A. nice; good B. wonderful; badly
C. good; well D. well; beautifullyCC★11. high/low， dear/cheap
【辨析】
这四个词都可以用来形容物品的价值，既可以作表语，又可以作定语。
(1)high意为“价格高的”，反义词为low，意为“价格低的”，强调某物价格的高低。常见的短语有at a low/high price 以低廉/高昂的价格。 (2)dear/expensive意为“贵的”，反义词为cheap/inexpensive，意为“便宜的”，强调某物的贵贱。
附：除了表示价格，high， low还可以表示嗓音、海拔、血压等的高低。【举例】
Bill bought an iPod at a very low price. 比尔以非常低的价格买了个iPod。
That hotel serves more expensive food than that in this restaurant. 那家旅店的食物比这个餐馆的贵多了。
Bill’s iPod is really cheap. 比尔的iPod真的很便宜。【演练】
( )1. The price of the pen is _______ for him. He can’t afford it.
A. low B. cheap
C. high D. expensive
( )2. This is an _______ hat, but it has really good quality.
A. dear B. high
C. inexpensive D. expensiveCD( )3. Who asked you to scream at such a _______ voice?
A. high
B. low
C. big
D. smallA★12. other， else
【辨析】
两者都可表示“别的；其他的”。
(1)other在句子中作定语，在一般情况下，它常常修饰复数可数名词，且放在被修饰的名词之前。
(2)else 只修饰something， anything， nothing， nobody， anybody等不定代词或who， whose， what， when， where等特殊疑问词，且放在它们的后面。 【举例】
I don’t know if other students will be intere-sted in this story. 我不知道是否有其他学生将对这个故事感兴趣。
She said that she had nothing else to do. 她说她没有其他事可做。【演练】
( )1. We went _______ except Tian’anmen Square.
A. nowhere else
B. else places
C. else nowhere
D. somewhere elseA( )2. Mary is here， but the _______ are still out in the campus.
A. else girls B. other girls
C. other girl D. rest girls
( )3. What _______ do you need?
A. other toys B. toys else
C. else toys D. otherBA★13. a few, few, a little, little
【辨析】
a few, few, a little, little均可充当形容词修饰名词，其中a few, few修饰复数可数名词，a little, little修饰不可数名词；a few, a little表示肯定的意义，few, little表示否定的意义。
附：(1)如果有only, just，quite等词修饰，我们通常说only/just/quite a few/little。 (2)a little还可以修饰形容词或副词的原级和比较级，如：a little fat有点胖；a little faster 更快一点。
【举例】
I read a few books of this famous writer recently. 最近我读过这位著名作家的几本书。
Few students can work out this problem. 很少有学生能算出这道题。 Don’t worry. We still have a little money left. 别担心，我们还剩下一点钱。
There is little ink in the bottle. I need to buy some. 瓶子里面几乎没有墨水了，我得去买些。
【演练】
( )1. It is good for the fish to have _______ water plants in the tank to keep the water pure.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a fewD( )2. The twins can speak _______ French.
A. a few B. few
C. little D. a little of
( )3. We need to put _______ salt on the fish so as to make it salty.
A. a few B. few
C. a little D. little CC( )4. There are _______ people in front of me in the queue. I have to wait for a long time.
A. very little B. only a few
C. quite a few D. quite a little
( )5. —David often plays alone. He has _______ friends. —Yes. He is too shy to make friends.
A. little B. a little
C. a few D. fewCD★14. too many， too much， much too
【辨析】
(1)too many意为“太多”，用作形容词，中心词是many，修饰复数可数名词。
(2)too much意为“太多”，可以用作形容词，中心词是much，修饰不可数名词。too much也可以作副词或代词。
(3) much too意为“太”，作副词，中心词是too，后接副词或形容词。 【举例】
They built too many buildings last year. 去年他们建了太多楼房。
We’ve had too much rain lately. 最近我们这里的雨下得太多了。
Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health？电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害？
He drove much too fast. 他开车开得太快了。【演练】
( )1. Americans eat _______ meat， in my opinion.
A. so many B. too many
C. too much D. much too
( )2. The luggage is _______ heavy. I can hardly move it.
A. too much B. so much
C. much too D. many tooCC( )3. Today， _____ trees are being cut down each single day.
A. too many
B. many too
C. too much
D. much tooA课件45张PPT。★15. sleepy, asleep, sleep
【辨析】
(1)sleepy作形容词，意为“困乏的；昏昏欲睡的”。
(2)asleep作形容词，意为“睡着的”，常作表语。
(3)sleep常作动词，意为“睡着”；它也可作名词，表示“睡一觉”。【举例】
She is always sleepy in class. 她上课总是想睡觉。
I feel very sleepy now. 我现在昏昏欲睡。
The children have been asleep. 孩子们已经睡着了。
He was too tired and fell asleep at once. 他太累了，立刻就睡着了。
Last night I slept very well. 我昨天晚上睡得很好。
You need to have a good sleep. 你需要好好睡一觉。【演练】
( )1. He goes to bed very late every day, so he often feels _______.
A. asleep B. sleeping C. sleepy D. sleep
( )2. She was very tired and was fast _______.
A. asleep B. slept C. sleepy D. sleep
( )3. I was too excited to go to _______.
A. sleep B. sleepy C. asleep D. sleeplessCAA★16. so…that…， such…that…
【辨析】
两者都可以引导结果状语从句，均表示“如此……以至于……”。但so在此用作副词，其后只能接形容词或副词，而such是形容词，其后只能接名词。
熟记：(1)so＋adj./adv.＋that从句=such＋adj.＋复数可数名词/不可数名词＋that从句。 (2)so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that从句=such＋a/an＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句。
【举例】
These flowers are so beautiful that I want to have them all.=These are such beautiful flowers that I want to have them all. 这些花是如此的美以至于我想全部拥有它们。 The weather was so terrible that we had to stay at home all day.=It was such terrible weather that we had to stay at home all day. 天气是如此糟糕以至于我们不得不一整天都待在家里。
【演练】
( )1. Dave is _______ young that he can’t go with us.
A. such B. so C. too D. enoughB( )2. It’s _______ day! Let’s go for an outing!
A. such a beautiful B. so a beautiful
C. such beautiful a D. so beautiful an
( )3. It was ______ lovely weather ______ we decided to spend the day on the beach.
A. such a； that B. such； that
C. such； as D. so； thatAB★17. please, pleased, pleasure, pleasant
【辨析】
(1)please作动词，有两个意思：一是表请求或要求的语气，意为“请”；二是表“使……满意；讨人喜欢”。
(2)pleased作形容词，意为“感到高兴的；喜欢的；满意的”。它指的是人主观上感到的满足心理，主语一般为人。pleased的常见搭配有：be pleased to do sth. 做某事感到高兴；be pleased with 对……感到满意、高兴；be pleased that…(后接从句)对……感到满意、高兴。 (3)pleasure一般用作名词，意为“满足；乐事”。
(4)pleasant作形容词，意为“令人愉快的”，主语一般为物。
【举例】
Come in, please. 请进来吧。
What pleases you best?你最喜欢什么？
I’m pleased to see you!见到你真高兴！ It’s a pleasure to read this book. 读这本书真是件乐事。
I’ve got a pleasant little apartment. 我有一套舒适的小公寓。
【演练】
( )1. It’s hard to _______ all, just be yourself.
A. pleased B. pleasure
C. please D. pleasantC( )2. —Thank you for carrying the box for me, James. —My _______.
A. please B. pleasure
C. pleasant D. pleased
( )3. Sunday will be a _______ day. Let’s go hiking together.
A. pleasant B. pleased
C. please D. pleasureBA★18. maybe， may be
【辨析】
(1)maybe是副词，相当于perhaps， 意为“也许；可能”。
(2)may be 是由情态动词may和助动词be构成的，意为“也许是；可能是”，位于句子中间，作谓语。 【举例】
Maybe you left your mobile phone in the office. 或许你把手机忘在办公室了。
Your mobile phone may be in the office. = Maybe your mobile phone is in the office. 你的手机或许在办公室。【演练】
( )1. —Where’s Joanne？
—I’m not sure. She _______ in her office.
A. maybe B. may be
C. may D. might is
( )2. _______ he wasn’t angry with you.
A. Maybe B. Might
C. May D. May beBA★19. ever， never， even
【辨析】
ever常用于完成时的疑问句中，意为“曾经”；也可用于否定句中，意为“在任何时候；从来”。never意为“从未”。even意为“甚至；更”，常接形容词或副词的比较级。
【举例】
Have you ever been to Mount Tai？你曾经去过泰山吗？ I’m not sure I’ll ever trust her again. 我不确定 是否还会再次信任她。
That was a mistake. We’ll never do it again. 那是个错误。我们永远不会再犯了。
It was so cold even after I put on my cotton coat. 天好冷，甚至在我穿上棉衣后还是觉得很冷。【演练】
( )1. That’s even _______.
A. bad B. badder C. worse D. worst
( )2. Neither of us had _______ skied.
A. never B. ever C. even D. forever
( )3. He had no sense of shame and _______ felt guilty.
A. yet B. ever C. even D. neverCBD★20. either， too， also， as well
【辨析】
它们都可以表示“也”。either用于否定句中，表示“也不”，置于句末，通常有逗号隔开。too用于肯定句或一般疑问句中，置于句末，有逗号隔开，较口语化。also通常用于肯定句中，置于行为动词之前、助动词之后，较正式。as well通常用于肯定句中，置于句末，不用逗号隔开，较口语化。 【举例】
My friend doesn’t like soap operas. I don’t like them， either. 我的朋友不喜欢肥皂剧。我也不喜欢。
If you’ve passed the driving test， I guess I will pass， too. 如果你已经通过了驾照考试，我猜想我也可以通过。 Cris can speak Spanish and Chinese， and he can also speak English. 克里斯会讲西班牙语和汉语，他也会讲英语。
There are apple trees on either side of the path， and roses as well. 小径的两边都有苹果树，还有玫瑰。【演练】
( )1. Besides Henry， Paige wants to join the club， _______.
A. too B. also
C. either D. neither
( )2. I haven’t been to Korea. Coco hasn’t， _______.
A. either B. too
C. also D. as wellAA( )3. Jacky is a French teacher. Tom is _____ a wonderful French teacher.
A. too
B. as well
C. also
D. eitherC★21. either， neither
【辨析】
两者都可以作形容词或代词。作形容词时，一般接可数名词单数形式；作代词时，一般接动词的第三人称单数形式。
(1) either作形容词时，意为“(两者中)任一的”；作代词时，意为“两者中的任何一个”，表肯定。 (2) neither作形容词时，意为“(两者中)都不……的”；作代词时，意为“两者都不”，表否定。
附：(1)either还可作副词，意为“也不”，表否定。
(2)either…or…意为“要么……要么……”；neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”。 【举例】
Either road is straight. 两条路都是直的。
Either of the boys knows the way. 两个男孩都知道路。
—Which day will be OK for you？ (两天中)哪一天你比较方便？
—Either is OK. 任何一天都行。
Neither girl has brought the passport. 两个女孩都没有带护照。 Neither of those men reads The Times. 那两个男人都不读《泰晤士报》。
—Which would you like， tea or Coke？ 茶和可乐你更喜欢哪一个？
—Neither. I prefer coffee. 都不喜欢。我喜欢咖啡。
If you won’t go， me， either.=If you won’t go， neither/nor will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。 Either you or your father must see this young man today. 你或者你的父亲今天必须见这位年轻人。
He could speak neither English nor German. 他既不会讲英语，也不会讲德语。【演练】
( )1. Willows (杨柳) are planted on _____ side of the street.
A. either B. nor
C. neither D. both
( )2. —Which do you prefer, milk or coffee?
—_______ will do, I don’t particularly mind.
A. Neither B. Either
C. Both D. NoneAB( )3. Brian didn’t cry， _______ did Bruce.
A. either B. none
C. also D. neither
( )4. Jane knows neither French _____ English.
A. but also B. and C. or D. nor
( )5. Either my parents or my brother _______ there before.
A. has been B. have been
C. has gone D. have goneDDA★22. each， every
【辨析】
(1)each通常作形容词或代词，指二者或二者以上的“每一个”，强调个体，既可用作限定词，也可单独作主语或宾语，后面可以接of。
(2)every多作形容词，指三者或三者以上的“每一个”，强调整体，既不能单独使用，后面也不可以直接接of。every还有“每隔(一定的数目或时间)的；每……一次的；每……之中的”的意思，如 every three weeks每三周。【举例】
Each of them has an apple. 他们每人都有一个苹果。
She knows each student of the class. 她认识班级里的每个学生。
She knows every student of the class. 她认识班级里所有的学生。
I visit my grandparents every two weeks. 我每两周探望我的祖父母一次。【演练】
( )1. He gave _______ of his parents a book.
A. each B. every C. both D. all
( )2. There are flowers on _______ side of the avenue.
A. all B. each C. every D. neither
( )3. You should check your body _______ two years.
A. every B. each C. both D. allABA★23. how often， how many times， how soon， how long， how far
【辨析】
疑问副词可以与一些词构成复合疑问词组，如how often, how many等。
(1)how often意为“多久一次”，对频率提问，常见的答语为：频度副词always， usually， often， sometimes， seldom， hardly， never和once a week， twice a month， three or four times a year， every day， every two weeks等。 (2)how many times意为“多少次”，对次数提问，常见的答语为：once， twice， three times等。
(3)how soon意为“过多久”，对将来要发生的动作的时间提问，常见的答语为：in＋时间段。
(4)how long意为“持续多久；多长”，对动作的持续时间或物体的长度提问，常见的答语为：for＋时间段； since＋时间段＋ago； since＋时间点；…meters/kilometers/miles等。 (5)how far意为“多远”，对距离提问，常见的答语为：…meters/kilometers/miles away；…minutes’/ hours’ walk/drive/flight等。
【举例】
—How often do you practice speaking English？ 你多久练习一次英语口语？
—Every day. 每天(都练习)。 —How many times has your uncle been to South Africa？ 你叔叔去过南非多少次？
—He’s been there five times. 他去过那里五次。
—How soon will the new stadium be built？新体育馆什么时候将会建成？
—In half a month. 半个月后。
—How long will the meeting last？ 会议将持续多久？ —For about 3 days. 大约三天。
—How long is this river？ 这条河有多长？
—1, 843 meters. 1 843米。
—How far is the nearest international airport？最近的国际机场有多远？
—15 minutes’ bus ride. 15分钟的车程。【演练】
( )1. —________ have you been to China?
—Five times.
A. How soon B. How long
C. How often D. How many times
( )2. —________ will the manager come back？
—Maybe in three days.
A. How often B. How long
C. How soon D. How farDC( )3. I don’t know _____ his new apartment is from here. Maybe 10 minutes by bike.
A. how long B. how soon
C. how often D. how far
( )4. —_______ does he take this medicine?
—Twice a day.
A. How soon B. How long
C. How much D. How oftenDD( )5. —_______ have you been in this factory?
—I have been here since 1993.
A. When
B. How long
C. How often
D. How farB★24. sometimes， some times， sometime， some time
【辨析】
sometimes 作副词，意为“有时候”，同义词组为at times。some times 意为“几次”，此时time作可数名词，意为“次数”。sometime作副词，意为“某个时候”，可指过去或将来的某个时候。some time意为“某段时间”，常与for连用。
巧记：分开是“一段”， 相连为“某时”；分开s是“倍、次”， 相连s是“有时”。【举例】
Every man is a fool sometimes， and none at all times. 每个人有时都会犯傻，但没有谁会一直都傻。
I am sure that we have met some times before. 我肯定我们之前见过几次了。
We’ll take our holiday sometime in August. 我们会在八月某个时间去度假。(将来) I bought this sometime last summer. 这是我去年夏天某个时候买的。(过去)
We plan to stay in Hainan for some time. 我们打算在海南待上一段时间。
【演练】
( )1. Kate will be back ________ in February.
A. sometime B. some time
C. sometimes D. some timesA( )2. This room is _____ bigger than that one.
A. sometimes B. some times
C. some time D. sometime
( )3. I hear from him _______.
A. sometime B. some time
C. sometimes D. some timesBC( )4. She said that she would stay there for _______.
A. some times
B. sometimes
C. sometime
D. some timeD课件28张PPT。连词类单词、词组辨析★1. and， but， or, so
【辨析】
(1)and意为“和；又”，表示并列关系，常用来连接表示对等成分的单词、短语或者句子，表示意思的顺延或增补。
(2)but意为“但是”，表示转折关系，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。 (3)or意为“或者；还是”时，表示选择关系；意为“否则”时，表示转折关系。另外，在否定句中否定并列成分时，用or代替and。
(4)so意为“因此；所以”，常用来连接两个简单句，这两个简单句有意思上的因果关系。 【举例】
My mother and father have never agreed on this matter. 我父母在这件事情上从未意见一致过。
It is hot in summer here， but it is not cold in winter. 这里夏天热，但冬天不冷。
He didn’t speak anything but Greek. 他只会说希腊语。 Either you or I am to go. 你我之间总有一个人要去。
Hurry up， or you’ll be late. 快点，否则你会迟到的。
The rain began to fall, so we went home. 天开始下雨了，所以我们就回家了。【演练】
( )1. We must get up at 7：00 tomorrow morning， ________ we will be late for the meeting.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
( )2. Work hard， ________ you’ll make progress！
A. or B. but C. and D. whileBC( )3. The old man didn’t have enough money, ________ he gave two thousand yuan to the charity.
A. / B. and
C. but D. orC★2. because, because of
【辨析】
(1)because 是连词，后接句子， 是主句的直接原因，常用来回答由why 引导的特殊疑问句。此外，because与so 不能连用。
(2)because of 是复合介词，后接名词或代词，相当于名词词组。【举例】
—Why are you in a hurry? 你为什么这么急？
—Because I want to catch the first bus. 因为我想要赶第一班车。
He can’t come because of illness. 他生病了，所以没来。【演练】
( )1. _______ he is ill, he is not here today.
A. So B. Because
C. Because of D. Until
( )2. The game was put off _______ the rain.
A. because B. so
C. because of D. ifBC★3. if， whether
【辨析】
两者都可表示“是否”，都可引导宾语从句。if通常不与or not连用，它引导的宾语从句不能移到句首。if还有“如果；假如”之意，此时常用来引导条件状语从句。whether可与or not连用，其引导的宾语从句可以移到句首。whether后面还可以接动词不定式。 【举例】
We haven’t decided if/whether we’ll go to Germany. 我们还没决定是否去德国。
He asked me whether I’d move to New York if I got the job. 他问我如果我得到那份工作是否会搬到纽约。
I don’t know whether he will come (or not). 我不知道他是否会来。
Whether he will come (or not) I am not sure. 他会不会来我不确定。【演练】
( )1. She asked _____ Ben could repair her lap top.
A. if B. weather C. that D. what
( )2. The question is _______ Janice will leave on time or not.
A. weather B. if
C. whether D. whyAC( )3. Would you come along with me _______ I go to Nanshan tomorrow？
A. whether B. until C. if D. because
( )4. —Peter, do you know if Tony _______ to my party next week?
—I think he will come if he _______ free.
A. comes;will be B. will come;is
C. comes;is D. will come;will beCB★4. in order to， so that
【辨析】
两者都可表示“为了”，后面均接目的状语。但in order to后面接的是动词不定式，即in order to do， 其否定式为in order not to do。而so that (口语中也作so)后面接的是目的状语从句，相当于in order that。 【举例】
She practices driving one hour each day in order to get the driving license. 为了拿到驾照，她每天练车一个小时。
Speak clearly so that (in order that)everybody can understand you. 请说清楚一点，这样每个人都可以听懂你的话。【演练】
( )1. He has to earn lots of money _______ he can buy his children nice food and clothes.
A. so that
B. such that
C. that
D. in orderA( )2. —Susan， what are the advantages of MP5 players？
—Mom， they are smaller and lighter ________ they can be carried very easily.
A. unless B. in order to
C. until D. so that D( )3. Nancy got up very early in order _______ late.
A. not to be
B. didn’t be
C. to be
D. that A★5. though, although
【辨析】
(1)although意为“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句，相当于 though， 只是比though稍微正式些，多用于句首。
(2)though可作副词，意为“然而”，放在句末或其他位置；though也可用于非正式文体中，较普遍，还可用在倒装句中。注意：在英语中，如果一个句子里用了although 或 though, 就不能再用but，但可以用yet 或still； 反之，如果用了but, 就不能再用although 和 though。【举例】
Young though he is, he is quite experienced. 他虽然年轻，但很有经验。
He said he would come, he didn’t though. 他说他要来，结果他却没来。
Although he is in poor health, (yet)he works hard.=He is in poor health, but he works hard. 虽然他身体不好，但他工作仍努力。【演练】
( )1. _______ It(it)was so cold, _______ he went out without an overcoat.
A. Though; but B. Although; /
C. /; though D. Although; but
( )2. ____ they are very tired, they feel happy because they’ve finally finished their project.
A. So B. Although
C. If D. ButBB★6. unless， if…not…
【辨析】
两者都可以表示“如果不”，引导条件句，很多情况下可以互换。
注意：用if…not替换unless时，not必须位于从句谓语中，而不能直接与if连用。【举例】
We shall go unless it rains/if it doesn’t rain. 要是不下雨，我们就去。
Don’t come unless I phone you/if I don’t phone you. 我不打电话给你，你就不要来。
【演练】
( )1. ________ you go to the supermarket at 7 p.m.， you can buy a lot of cheap food.
A. If B. Unless
C. Whether D. WhenA ( )2. —Can I change the jacket for another one________ it doesn’t fit me well？
—Of course.
A. unless B. if C. that D. though
( )3. Nobody can learn math well________ he works hard at it.
A. if B. unless
C. though D. howeverBB★7. when， while
【辨析】
两者都可以表示“当……时候”，常用在过去进行时的句子中。
(1)when引导的从句谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的。
(2)while引导的从句谓语动词必须是延续性的。 【举例】
They were fighting when the boss came in. 老板进来时他们正在打架。
He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。
I was drawing when / while my brother was watching TV. 弟弟看电视时我正在画画。【演练】
( )1. I was fishing by the lake _______ someone called for help.
A. when B. while C. as soon as D. since
( )2. Dad came into the kitchen _______ Mom was cooking.
A. until B. but C. when D. if
( )3. Jack was drawing a picture _______ his dog was lying nearby.
A. while B. because C. when D. soACA