（讲练测）新人教版必修2 2017年高考英语一轮复习 语法专题 定语从句复习（讲）

定语从句
语法知识精讲
定语从句
一、考点梳理。
1.考查which/who(m)引导的非限制性定语从句
which引导非限制性定语从句，用以指代整个主句的内容，或主句中某个词或短语的内容。
【例】She
brought
with
her
three
friends,
none
of
I
had
ever
met
before.
A.
them
B.
who
C.
whom
D.
these
【答案】C。
【例】
By
serving
others,
a
person
focuses
on
someone
other
than
himself
or
herself,_____can
be
very
eye-opening
and
rewarding.
A.
who
B.which
C.what
D.that
【答案】B
【解析】which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语，表示前面所提到的情况。
【例】
Chan's
restaurant
on
Baker
Street,___________used
to
be
poorly
run,
is
now
a
successful
business.
A.
that
B.which
C.who
D.
where
【答案】B
【解析】which
used
to
be
poorly
run为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的Chan's
restaurant。
2.考查as引导的非限制性定语从句
as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。它的意思是“正如”，as在这些从句中作主语或宾语。
【例】____I
explained
on
the
phone,
your
request
will
be
considered
at
the
next
meeting.
A.
When
B.After
C.As
D.
Since
【答案】C
【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句，其意为“正如”。句意：正如我在电话中解释的那样，你的要求将在下次会议上予以考虑。
【例】____is
often
the
case,
we
have
worked
out
the
production
plan.
A.
Which
B.When
C.What
D.
As
【答案】D
【解析】引导非限制性定语从句且位于主句之前，用as引导。句意：总是这样，我们已经制定出了生产计划。
3.考查由“介词十关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词十关系代词”结构中的关系代词主要是which或whom，不能是that;其中的介词则要根据句子中的相关搭配来确定。
【例】
He
was
educated
at
the
local
high
school,
_________he
went
on
to
Beijing
University.
A.
after
which
B.after
that
C.in
which
D.in
that
【答案】A
4.考查由...of
which引导的定语从句
这类结构主要表示所属关系、同位关系或整体与部分的关系。
(1)
It
is
reported
that
two
schools,_____are
being
built
in
my
hometown,
will
open
next
year.
A.
they
both
B.which
both
C.both
of
them
D.
both
of
which
【答案】D
【解析】both
of
which
are
being
built
in
my
hometown为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的two
schools。
(2)
We
shouldn't
spent
our
money
testing
so
many
people,
most
of_________are
healthy.
A.
that
B.which
C.what
D.
whom
【答案】D
【解析】由于先行词为so
many
people，故关系代词只能用whom，而不能用其他三个选项。其中的of表示整体与部分的关系，most
of
whom意为“他们当中的大多数”。
5.考查由where，when，why引导的定语从句
关系副词where，when，why引导定语从句时，它们分别在从句中充当地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。
【例】Those
successful
deaf
dancers
think
that
dancing
is
an
activity____sight
matters
more
than
hearing．
A.
when
B.whose
C.which
D.
where
【答案】D
【解析】where引导定语从句，修饰先行词an
activity。句意为：那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。此处where相对于in
which。
【例】The
book
was
written
in
1946,
_________the
education
system
has
witnessed
great
changes.
A.
when
B.during
which
C.since
then
D.
since
when
【答案】D
6.考查whose引导的定语从句
此时要注意三点：(1)
whose引导的定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成“whose+名词”；(2)
whose引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物；(3)
whose引导的定语从句指物时，可用of
which代替whose，但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+名词+of
which。
【例】Last
month,
part
of
Southeast
Asia
was
struck
by
floods,
from_____effects
the
people
are
still
suffering.
A.
that
B.whose
C.those
D.
what
【答案】B
【解析】whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系。此处whose
effects指the
flood’s
effects.句意：上个月亚洲的东南部受到洪水的袭击，现在人们仍然遭受其苦。
【例】
George
Orwell,
_________was
Eric
Arthur,
wrote
many
political
novels
and
essays.
A.
the
real
name
B.what
his
real
name
C.
his
real
name
D.
whose
real
name
【答案】D
【解析】whose引导的定语从句，表示所属关系。此处whose
real
name指George
Orwell’s
real
name.
7.考查分隔式定语从句
即所考查的定语从句与先行词之间插有其他修饰语。做题时应撇开其中的修饰语，直接将先行词与定语从句联系起来。
【例】The
film
brought
the
hours
back
to
me________I
was
taken
good
care
of
in
that
faraway
village.
A.
until
B.that
C.when
D.
where
【答案】C
【解析】先行词是the
hours，back
to
me是插入先行词与定语从句之间的干扰成分。
【例】
It
was
an
exciting
moment
for
these
football
fans
this
year,________for
the
first
time
in
years
their
team
won
the
World
Cup.
A.
that
B.while
C.which
D.when
【答案】D
【解析】定语从句修饰的先行词是an
exciting
moment。其在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。
8.考查关系词省略的限制性定语从句
能被省略的关系代词主要是用作宾语的that，which，whom，who等，且只限于限制性定语从句中。另外，the
way后接定语从句修饰时，也可省略关系代词。
【例】--Why
does
she
always
ask
you
for
help
--There
is
no
one
else________,is
there
A.
who
to
turn
to
.
B.she
can
tum
to
C.
for
whom
to
turn
D.
for
her
to
turn
【答案】B
【例】
What
surprised
me
was
not
what
he
said
but_______he
said
it.
A.
the
way
B.
in
the
way
that
C.
in
the
way
D.
the
way
which
【答案】A
【解析】考查the
way后接定语从句的用法。the
way后接定语从句有三种用法：用in
which引导；用that引导；省略关系词。此题属于第三种用法。
9.考查定语从句与其他知识点的综合运用
【例】
He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who________a
winner
of
scholarship
for
three
years.
A.
is
B.are
C.have
been
D.
has
been
【答案】D
【解析】此题形式上好像只是考查主谓一致和时态的运用，实际上关键是确定先行词。代词one前是否有定冠词决定定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式，one
of
the
students中的先行词是the
students，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数形式；但此处the
only
one
of
the
students中的先行词是the
only
one，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。而且句中因为有状语for
three
years，要用现在完成时，所以综合判断后答案是D。
【例】
Meeting
my
uncle
after
all
these
years
was
an
unforgettable
moment,
________I
will
always
treasure.
A.
that
B.one
C.it
D.
what
【答案】B
二、要点点拨
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that,
which,
who,
whom,
whose,
as，关系副词有when,
where,
why。
一、关系词的基本用法
who
指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
whom
指人，在从句中作宾语
whose
指人或物，在从句中作定语
that
指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
which
指物，在从句中作主语或宾语
as
指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语
when
指时间，在从句中作时间状语
where
指地点，在从句中作地点状语
why
指原因，在从句中作原因状语
（1）The
man
(whom
/who/that)
my
mother
saw
in
the
street
is
my
teacher.
（2）The
book
which/
that
tells
us
about
the
earth
is
interesting.
（3）She
lives
in
a
house
whose
windows
faces
south.
（4）Do
you
know
the
boy
whose
father
is
an
English
teacher
（5）I
have
never
heard
such
stories
as
he
tells.
（6）I’ll
never
forget
the
day
when
/on
which
I
joined
the
army.
（7）I
won’t
forget
the
factory
where
/
in
which
my
father
worked.
（8）Tell
me
the
reason
why
you
came
late.
二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句
1、当先行词是不定代词all，little,
few,
much,
anything
,
everything,
none,
nothing,
no
one,
some等时。
He
did
everything
that
he
could
to
help
us.
2、先行词被all,
every,
no
,
some,
any
,
little,
much,
the
only,
the
very,
the
right,
last
,
few
,
just
等修饰时。
The
only
thing
that
we
can
do
is
to
give
you
some
advice.
3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I’ve
ever
seen.
4、当先行时前有such
或the
same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。
She
is
wearing
the
same
dress
that
she
wore
yesterday.
5、先行词既有人又有物时，
Later
they
talked
of
things
and
persons
that
they
remembered
in
the
school.
6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，
Who
is
the
boy
that
won
the
gold
medal
7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which，
另一个宜用that.
Edison
built
up
a
factory
which
produced
things
that
had
never
been
seen
before.
8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）
China
is
no
longer
the
country
that
it
used
to
be.
9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，
He
wants
to
join
the
team
that
won
the
game.
10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。
I
don’t
like
the
way
(that)
he
talks
to
me.
三、只用which不用that时情况
1、引导非限制性定语从句时：Bruce
went
toward
the
fire,
which
was
still
smoking.
2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。
This
is
the
house
in
which
Lu
Xun
lived.
3、先行词本身是that时：What’s
that
which
flashed
in
the
sky
just
now
4、先行词后有插入语时，
Here
is
the
English
grammar
book
which,
as
I’ve
told
you,
will
help
improve
your
English.
5、which
用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。
He
is
an
engineer,
which
I
am
not。
关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such,
the
same,
as,
so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。
I
have
the
same
book
as
you（have）.
Take
as
many
as
you
want.
Here
is
so
big
a
stone
as
no
man
can
lift.
This
is
such
a
book
as
was
given
to
me.
四、关系代词的省略情况
1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。
Have
you
received
the
book
(that)
I
sent
you
last
week
2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Mary
is
no
longer
the
girl
(that)
she
used
to
be.
3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。
This
is
the
artist
(whom)
I
spoke
to
you
about.
注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。
五、带介词的定语从句
1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。
This
is
the
child
(whom
/
who/
that)
she
is
looking
after.
2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。
The
man
(whom/
who/
that)
I
spoke
to
is
a
friend
of
mine.
The
man
to
whom
I
spoke
is
a
friend
of
mine.
3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）
In
front
of,
on
top
of
,at
the
foot
of,
with
the
help
of,
as
a
result
of.
We
stand
in
a
building
in
front
of
which
stands
a
lab.
We
arrived
at
a
hill,
on
top
of
which
stood
a
tower.
4、代词/数词+of
+关系代词
He
has
written
many
books,
most
of
which
are
for
children.
We
have
many
students,
two
of
whom
have
won
prizes
of
international
competitions.
5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词：He
has
written
many
books,
of
which
most
are
in
Chinese.
6、介词+whose
修饰后面的名词：He
is
the
very
man
in
whose
pocket
I
found
my
lost
money.
六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿。
He
is
the
man
whose
father
died
last
week.
That
is
the
reason
why
I
didn’t
open
the
door.
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。
I
live
in
Beijing
where
my
parents
worked
ten
years
ago.
His
sister,
who
works
in
WuHan,
is
coming
to
see
him
tomorrow.
七、as
引导非限制性定语从句与which
的区别
1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as
和which
可以换用。
He
left
her,
as/
which
was
strange.
2、as
引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。
As
everyone
knows,
Tom
is
good
at
English.
The
earth,
as
we
know,
moves
round
the
sun.
3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as
作主语。
as
is
said/
known/
announced/
reported/
mentioned/
expected/
disused等。
As
is
known
to
all,
Taiwan
is
part
of
China.
4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:
as
has
been
said
above
as
anybody
can
see
as
we
had
expected
as
(it)
appears
Things
are
not
always
as
they
appear.
5、which
引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。
The
decision
was
postponed,
which
was
exactly
what
he
wanted.
6、which
引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。
The
football
match,
which
I
watched
yesterday,
is
very
interesting.
7、which
引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。
After
that
things
improved,
which
astonished
me.
Water
changes
into
steam,
which
is
known
to
be
a
physical
change.
8、which
引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。
He
can
write
a
letter
in
English,
which
I
cannot.
He
was
married
again,
which
was
unexpected.
八、定语从句运用中的注意点
1、是用the
one还是用that
,
which,
where.
（1）Is
this
school
_______
you
study
in
（2）Is
this
the
school
______
you
study
in
（3）Is
this
the
school
_______
you
study
（4）Is
this
school
______
is
a
senior
one
A.
that/which
B.
where
C.
the
one
D.
the
one
where
E.
the
one
that
/
which
遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the
one的形式，接着再看the
one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the
one
where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the
one
(that/
which)
2、是用when还是用that,
which
（1）May
1
is
the
day
______
we
spent
together.
（2）May
1
is
the
day
________i
joined
the
army.
A.
that/
which
B.
when
当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when,
若作主语或宾语时，就用that/
which.
3、定语从句与强调结构的区别
（1）It
was
in
this
house
______
he
was
born.
（2）It
was
this
house
______
he
was
born.
（3）It
was
in
the
house
________
he
used
to
live
that
the
exhibition
was
held..
A.
where
B.
that
C.
which
D.
there
判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it
is
/was
…that,
若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。
4、定语从句与其他从句的区别
（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：
You
should
leave
the
toy
where
you
can
find.
I
still
remember
the
bus
stop
where
/
at
which
I
met
you.
（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。
试比较：
He
is
such
a
kind
person
as
everybody
likes.
He
is
such
a
kind
person
that
everybody
likes
him.
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：
The
news
that
he
had
been
back
surprised
us
all.
The
mews
(that)
he
told
us
surprised
us
all.
5、way
后面的定语从句（用that/
in
which
或省略）：Please
tell
me
the
way
(that/
in
which)
you
did
the
job.
【即时巩固】
1The
results
of
the
experiment
proved
to
be
very
good,
_________
was
more
than
we
expected.
A.
which
B.
what

C.
that
D.
this
【答案】A
2.
I
looked
through
the
window
of
our
hotel,
______
I
saw
a
man
taking
photos
in
the
yard.
A.
where
B.
at
which
C.
when
D.
from
where
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我从旅馆的窗户向外看，看到一名男子在院子里拍照。分析语境可知from
where
I
saw
a
man
taking
photos
in
the
yard为定语从句，先行词为the
window,
先行词在定语从句中充当方式状语，此处可理解为
I
saw
a
man
taking
photos
in
the
yard
from
the
window,
故用from
where
引导定语从句。故选D.
考点：考查定语从句
3.I
still
remember
the
accident
and
the
troubles
______
has
caused
to
me.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
it
D.
that
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我还记得那场事故和它带给我的伤害。it
has
caused
to
me为省略了that的定语从句，完整的定语从句为that
it
has
caused
to
me，先行词为the
troubles，it指代的是the
accident，the
accident
has
caused
troubles
to
me,
事故给我带来伤害。在定语从句that
it
has
caused
to
me中，that充当宾语，故可省略。所以形成it
has
caused
to
me.
故选C.
考点：考查定语从句
4．Mr.
Sawyer
started
his
career
at
Stanford
University,
_____
he
became
Professor
of
Physics
in
2002.
A.
which
B.
where
C.
when
D.
that
【答案】B
考点：考查非限制性定语从句。
5.They
reached
the
top
of
the
mountain__________
they
could
see
the
highway
wandering
before
them.
A.
which
B．why
C.
whose
D.
where
【答案】
D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：他们到达山顶，在那里他们能看到高速公路在他们面前蜿蜒而过。A.
which哪个；B.
why为什么；C.
whose谁的；D.
where在那里。由句意可知，在定语从句中做地点状语，故选D。
考点:
考查定语从句关系词的用法。
关系代词
关系副词