2010高考二轮复习英语学案-专题五 动词和动词短语

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2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题五 动词和动词短语
【典例精析】1.（2008年全国卷I， 23）The performance ______ nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.
A. covered B. reached C. played D. lasted【解析】A 句意：这次演出持续了近三个小时，但是很少有人提前离开剧院。Last持续，继续；cover 覆盖，包括，涉及，足以支付；reach 到达，够得着；play 扮演，玩。2.（2008年安徽卷，28）-----Are you happy with your new computer ----- No, it is _______ me a lot of trouble. A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
【解析】A 句意：这次演出持续了近三个小时，但是很少有人提前离开剧院。Last持续，继续；cover 覆盖，包括，涉及，足以支付；reach 到达，够得着；play 扮演，玩。
2.（2008年安徽卷，28）-----Are you happy with your new computer
----- No, it is _______ me a lot of trouble.
A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing
【解析】C句意：---你对你的新的计算机满意吗？---不，它给我带来许多麻烦。四个选项中的动词都可以接双宾语，但意义不同。Show sb sth.给某人看某物，出示某物给某人看；leave sb sth.给某人留下某物；give sb sth.给某人某物；spare sb sth.为某人抽出……,有对话情景判断应用动词give.
3.（2008年江苏卷，31）—I’m still working on my project.
—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is ______.
A. running out B. going out C. giving out D. losing out
【解析】A句意：---我仍然在做这个项目。---啊！你肯定不能如期完成了。因为快没时间了。当表示时间用完、耗尽的时候多用run out。 give out 分发，精疲力竭。
4.（2008年山东卷，28）The fact that she never apologized ______ a lot about what kind of person she is.
A. says B. talks C. appears D. declares
【解析】A 句意：她从来不道歉这个事实说明了她是怎样一个人。say 的意思是“说明，表明”，say a lot about 也是一个短语，意思是“说明什么”，符合题意；talk 的意思是“说话，谈话”，不符合句子内容；appear 的意思是“看起来”，不合句意；declare的意思是“宣告，声称”，词义太大，明显不符合句子内容。
5.（2008年江西卷，25） I _____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.
A. make B. look C. take D. think
【解析】C句意：应当给予原材料供应商公平的价格，我把这一点作为公司的基本原则。句中that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products 是句子的真正宾语，it是形式宾语，as a basic principle of the company为补语。take…as 把….看作，符合句意。Make, look 和think 与as 搭配无此含义。
6.（2008年辽宁卷，25）You have to be a fairly good speaker to ______ listeners’ interest for over an hour.A. hold B. make C. improve D. receive【解析】A句意：你是一个相当好的演说家，能抓住听众的兴趣达1个多小时。hold one’s interest固定搭配，译为：吸引某人的兴趣。7.（2008年浙江卷，14.）American Indian ______ about five percent of the U.S. population.A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
A. hold B. make C. improve D. receive
【解析】A句意：你是一个相当好的演说家，能抓住听众的兴趣达1个多小时。hold one’s interest固定搭配，译为：吸引某人的兴趣。
7.（2008年浙江卷，14.）American Indian ______ about five percent of the U.S. population.
A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up
【解析】C句意：美国印第安人大约占美国人口总数的5％.fill up装满，填满；bring up教育，培养，提出； make up占（比例，成分等）；编造，虚构，化妆，补足；set up竖立起来，建立，成立。
8.（2008年湖北卷，27） The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ its reality.
A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off
【解析】B句意：现在的情况非常复杂，因此我想过些时间我才能够弄清楚它的实际情况。Make up编造；figure out 弄清楚，弄明白；look through浏览，快速查看；put off推迟。由句意可知B项正确。
9.（2008年天津卷，13） Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together.
A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match
【解析】D句意：她的鞋和帽子很匹配，搭配的很好。本体考察近义词辨析，suit是只颜色，花样或款式等搭配；fit是大小、尺寸等正合适；compare比较；match 指两个东西相称、匹配。
10.（09海南）6. Edward, you play so well. But I___you played the piano.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known
【解析】A。 句意为：爱德华,你打得好。但我不知道你弹钢琴。所谈论的是指过去行为，故用过去式。
11.（09福建）11. We are at your service. Don’t_____to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek
【解析】B 动词词义辨析。beg：乞求，乞讨，恳求；hesitate：犹豫，踌躇；desire：欲望；愿望；seek：试图，要求。题干意思是：我们为你服务。当你有任何问题时，请毫不犹豫的向我们求助。
12.（09湖北）14. The loss has not yet been ______ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.
A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled
【解析】A. 根据句意可知此处表示“损失（数据）还没统计……”，应选择calculated。considered“考虑”，completed“完成”，controlled“控制”均不符合上下文。13.（09湖北）15. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ______ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish【解析】C 根据上句Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter做动词可表示“保护；庇护”。spot“弄脏，认出，发现，定位”，dismiss“开 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
13.（09湖北）15. Some parents are just too protective. They want to ______ their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish
【解析】C 根据上句Some parents are just too protective. 可知下文要说父母们想庇荫孩子们不受到任何伤害。shelter做动词可表示“保护；庇护”。spot“弄脏，认出，发现，定位”，dismiss“开除，使解散”，distinguish“区别”。
14.（09海南）42. Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to___them too hard.
A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push
【解析】D。 句意为：鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推，挤，逼迫；strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意，应选D。
15.（09湖北）13. During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to ______ bread for days.
A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with
【解析】C 动词短语。根据上句During the war there was a serious lack of food可推测出“即或是富裕家庭也得几天吃不上面包”，应选择do without表示“不用/吃……勉强度过”。eat up“吃完”，give away“收拾”，deal with“应付，处理”。
16.（09江西）16. It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children.
A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out
【解析】C 本题考查动词短语。根据题意可知应选look into “调查”。
17.（09海南）17. I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t__________.
A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through
【解析】D。 短语动词，考查考生对词义的判断能力。句意为：我试着给她办公室打电话，但没有打通。get along 进展，相处。get on 上车；get to到达；get through通过。依据句意，选D。
【专题突破】动词和动词短语做题技巧点拨：考生在做动词和动词短语的试题时首先应该清楚所用动词和短语的意思，然后再依据语境、语义、词的搭配排除；也可以从词的搭配着手，有时只从句子的内容来看，几个选项似乎都合适，但只要从词的搭配上一看便知道答案；很多动词与介词或副词连在一起构成固定的搭配从而形成动词短语或短语动词，不能随意更改，要正确把握它们的意思这样就可以突破。 1.—How lovely these children are!—Yeah．They______ memories of my childhood．A. called out B. called for C. called up D. called on 2. Many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their studies.A. are addicted to; it B. get engaged in; which C. are related to; what D. are addicted to; which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
1.—How lovely these children are!
—Yeah．They______ memories of my childhood．
A. called out B. called for C. called up D. called on
2. Many kids ________ the net bar, and _____had a bad effect on their studies.
A. are addicted to; it B. get engaged in; which
C. are related to; what D. are addicted to; which
3．After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane____her job as a doctor
in the countryside.
A．set out B．took over C．took up D．set up
4. Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
A. give away B. affect with C. suffer from D. deal with
5. The shop assistant was fired as she was _________ of cheating customers．
A．accused B．charged C．blamed D．caught
6. Asked suddenly about the matter ,he couldn’t_____an answer at once.
A. come up with B. look for C. put up with D. answer for
7.My daughter is not sure what to_______ at the university; she can’t make up her
mind about her future.
A. take up B. make up C. pick up D. build up
8. His colleagues ______ him though he himself didn’t think he had done anything special.
A. thought highly of B. looked up to
C. sing high praise of D. show great respect for
9. Hard work and lack of sleep have _____ her beauty and youth in recent years．
A. worn out B.tried out C made out D．sent out
10. It’s obvious that the Beijing Olympic Games a great seccess．
A．kept B．showed C proved D．remained
参考答案及解析
1.【解析】C call out“出动, 向…叫喊”， call for “需要，要求”， call up“召集, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给”， call on“号召, 呼吁, 约请, 访问”。此句意思是“他们引起了我对童年的回忆。”因此选C。 2.【解析】A be addicted to 意思是“对…上瘾”，符合题意。And 是一个并列连词，后面应该是并列句，而不是从句，因此排除B和D。be related to“与…有关”，不符合题意，因此排除。 3.【解析】C set out“出发, 开始” take over“接收, 接管”take up“从事” set up“设立”根据题意，应选C。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
2.【解析】A be addicted to 意思是“对…上瘾”，符合题意。And 是一个并列连词，后面应该是并列句，而不是从句，因此排除B和D。be related to“与…有关”，不符合题意，因此排除。
3.【解析】C set out“出发, 开始” take over“接收, 接管”take up“从事” set up“设立”根据题意，应选C。
4.【解析】C give away“分发, 放弃, 泄露”， affect“影响”及物动词， suffer from“遭受” ，deal with“处理”。从“ we are sure to overcome all difficulties.”这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是“尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害”，因此应选C。
5.【解析】A be accused of “被控告” accused与of 搭配，符合题意。 be charged with“被控告”charge 和with 搭配。 blame “责备”。
6.【解析】A come up with“得出答案” look for“寻找” put up with“提出” answer for“负责”根据题意，应该选A.
7.【解析】A 句意：我的女儿在大学里不知道学什么，对自己的未来他心里还没有底。take
up开始学；开始从事。make up组成，构成；编造；pick up拾起；学到；获得；build up逐步建立；增强。
8.【解析】A think highly of 固定搭配，译为“对…评价高”符合题意。Show great respect 后应用介词to, C 说法错误，look up to 向上看，不合题意。
9.【解析】A worn out耗尽，筋疲力尽； tried out试验, 考验, 提炼；make out书写, 填写, 拼凑, 进展, 说明, 设法应付, 理解, 辨认出; sent out发出。
10.【解析】C show sb sth 出示某物给某人看；keep保持；prove证明是；符合题意，remain仍然。
【学法导航】动词是高考的一个重点，除了时态和语态外，动词（尤其是常用动词）和动词词组也是高考必考考点，因此大家平时应十分关注动词和动词词组。同时动词和动词短语是英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点、易混点，尤其是历年来高考考题的必考点。学生在该题上往往失分，其原因为易混词区分，短语记忆不牢，熟词生义没有掌握，熟悉短语生僻意思没有掌握，由相同的副词和介词组成的短语辨别不开等造成的，为此我建议同学们在复习中要注意：1、记熟常用、高频动词和动词短语意思；2、弄清相近动词和短语意思辨析；3、掌握动词后面相同的副词和介词构成的短语辨析；4.做题要语境、语义、词义结合。
【专题综合】
1. The teacher has a peculiar way of ______her student’s nervousness when then speak English.
A. breaking down B. going over C. taking off D. giving away2. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on 3. You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered4. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
2. In the cross-lake swimming race, a boat will be ____in case of an emergency.
A. standing by B. turning on C. getting on D. running on
3. You _____only half the price ,how would the seller sell the jacket to you
A. spent B. paid C. charged D. offered
4. He _____the problem _____in his mind for a whole week before he did anything about it.
A. switched; on B. kicked; up C. turned; over D. took; on
5. At times the balance in nature is ______ , resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen effects.
A. troubled B. confused C. disturbed D. puzzled
6. — So, how is your new roommate
— She really ____. She always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her , she always makes rude remarks.
A. turns me over B. turns me down C. turns me off D. turns me out 7. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.A. hold down B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out8. — Would you like to go to Paris with us next year — I’d like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young. A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains 9. There’s no bear left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to _______. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
7. People have planted a great many trees in order to ____wind and sand in the desert.
A. hold down B. hold up C. hold back D. hold out
8. — Would you like to go to Paris with us next year
— I’d like to, but my mother ______ that I am too young.
A. is against B. opposes C. objects D. explains
9. There’s no bear left and the pubs are shut so you’ll have to _______.
A. go out B. go off C. go without D. go through
10. The film “World without thieves” ______ a great success and brought in a large profit to the cinema.
A. appreciated B. enjoyed C. won D. seized
11. Dressed untidily and speaking in a strange way, Father must have ______ to the people present to be a silly old man.
A. appeared B. pretended C. shown D. thought
12. Thomas Alva Edison didn’t “invent” the light bulb, but rather he ______ a 50 –year –old idea, which is not well –known.
A. improved upon B. take down C. put up D. break away
13. You’d better ______ some hot water into the bottle in case the teacools down.
A. add B. fill C. fill in D. put
14. After retirement, Mr. Smith ______ painting, which he had always loved but had not had time for.
A. took up B. got up C. help up D. looked up
15. She tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the sweat on her forehead _____ her ____.
A. gave; away B. tuned; down C. showed; out D. shut; off
参考答案及解析
1.【解析】A 句意：这位老师有一种疏导学生在说英语时产生的紧张情绪的独特方法。 Break down :to separate something such as an idea or statement into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with .go over 复习； take off脱下，起飞；give away分发，赠给，泄露（秘密）。
2.【解析】A 句意：有船只严阵以待，预防紧急情况。stand by 为不及物短语：to wait and be ready for action if needed 准备行动；待机；turn on 打开；get on进展；run down撞倒。根据句意，B 、C、D 三项均不符合。
3.【解析】D句意：你仅出半价，店员怎么会把这件夹克卖给你呢？offer: to say that you will pay a particular amount of money to buy something 出价六万英镑买这所房子。 Charge(收费)不符合题意。抚讲价（offer）而后才能药费（spend）或支付（pay）帮A、B两项不合常理。
4.【解析】C句意：在采取措施之前，他在脑中将这个问题反复思考了一个星期。turn over :to think about carefully仔细考虑；switch on把开关打开；kick up引起；take on呈现、雇用、承担。
5.【解析】C trouble主要指遇上难解决的问题而使人苦恼、忧虑；puzzled 指人是困惑的，因此将A、D两项排除；根据句意，自然的平衡本身并不是混乱的（confused）,而不受到了人为的干扰（disturbed）,才会导致不可预见的影响。因此选择C项。
6.【解析】C turn sb.over :把……移交，把……交给；turn sb. down:拒绝；turn sb.off :使对（某人）感到厌烦、使不感兴趣；turn sb.out:驱逐，赶走。根据句意“她总是在午夜弄出很大的响声，我提醒她时，她还总是说些粗鲁的话”，由此可知她是使我烦透了，选择C项。
7.【解析】C hold down压制，限制；hold up推迟，耽搁；hold back阻挡，抑制；hold out提供，提出。句意：人们种了大量的树，为了阴挡风和沙尘。由此可知答案为C项。
8【解析】C前三项意思相同，都可以表示“反对（做）、某事”：be against(doing)sth.:oppose(doing) sth.; object to(doing) sth.。但是objiet还可接宾语从句，这时它为及物动词，意思为“提出异议”。前一句邀请对方一起去Paris，答话人说他很愿意去，但是妈妈提出异议说他年龄太小。D项explain虽然也可执着that 从句，但是它的含义为“解释”不能明确地说明妈妈的态度是赞成还是反对。 9．【解析】C go out外出，熄灭；go off爆炸，中断；go through通过，完成，经历；go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
9．【解析】C go out外出，熄灭；go off爆炸，中断；go through通过，完成，经历；go without忍受某事物的缺乏。句意：啤酒卖完了，酒吧也都关门了，所以你只好将就一下了。
10．【解析】B易误选C，win 指赢得了比赛、奖励、胜利等，不可以与a great success 连用。Enjoy享有，如：He enjoys a reputation for honesty. 本题中的enjoy a great success 意为 win large sales。句意：《天下无贼》一举成功，同时也给电影院带来了巨大的盈利。
11．【解析】A 句意：父亲衣冠不整，谈吐怪异，在在场者眼中，父亲想必显得是一个傻老人的形象。解题的关键在于是否能将to the people present(present“在场的”，作后置定语修饰the people)准确地分离出来。
12．【解析】A句意：鲜为人知是的，爱迪生并没有发明灯炮，而是在其50年前的发明上改进了电灯泡（把灯丝寿命延长到13.5小时）。Improve on/upon超过，改进；take down把……拆卸开；put up张贴，搭建；break away摆脱。
13．【解析】D句意：你最好往瓶子里倒些热水，以免茶变凉。比较下列句子：You’d better put some hot water into the bottle. You’d better add some hot water to the cold water .You’d better fill the bottle with some hot water.
14．【解析】A句意：退休后，史密斯先生开始绘画了，这是他从前喜爱，却又没有时间做的事情。take up: begin to spend time doing开始花时间从事（某项活动）；get up起床，起立;hold up推迟；look up查找、改善。
15．【解析】A 句意：她努力地试图在学生面前保持镇定，但是她前额的汗水使她露了马脚。Give away: reveal露出了马脚；turn sb .down 拒绝；show sb.out带某人出去；shut sb.off使隔绝。
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