Unit 1 A land of diversity 名词性从句，grammar

课件54张PPT。名词性从句1.When we will start is not clear.
2.Mrs Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief.
3. My idea is that we should do it right now.
4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句I 名词性从句的种类The news that our team has won the match is true.
His delay is due to the fact that the car broke down halfway. 1.同位语从句 同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, doubt, hope, law, knowledge,opinion, suggestion information, plan, 后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词的具体内容.
2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
I have no idea what he did.注: 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句的that 从句的某个成分.He told me the news that our team won the match.
He told me the news that was very exciting.
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.语序问题1.The photographs will show you ____ ．（MET89）
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like 规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序
在名词性从句中，关联词在从句之首，其它部分应用________的语序。陈述句
2.He asked____for a violin.（MET92）
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid

规律二：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不缺成分，不含有疑问意义。由that 引导且that连词在从句中不作成分主语从句,同谓语从句,表语从句that不可以省略,在宾语从句中that 常可省略．
That he will come and help us is certain.
John said (that) he would attend the meeting.
The trouble is that I have forgotten her name.
2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义,不缺成分。由whether，if 引导.
I worry about whether/if he can pass the exam.
The question is whether it is worth doing.
找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：
1. If we will have a meeting hasn't been decided yet.
2. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.
3. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.
4. He asked me if I could go with him or not.
Whether we will have a meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It depends on whether the weather is …...The question is whether he himself will be present …...
He asked me whether I could go with him or not. 规律三： whether和if的区别：主语从句只能用whether表语从句中只能用whether宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时用whether后面跟or(not)或to do连用时用 whether3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的,缺成分的。由wh-连词或how引导在从句中作成分。连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。
Who will go makes no difference.
That is where he was born.
Tell me what he said.特殊情况：
1.在seem, appear后的表语从句中可接that引导的从句, 而look则不可.
2. 这三个词后都可用as if / as though 引导从句.
It seems / appears that he was late for the train yesterday.
It seems / appears / looks as if we have to go home on foot.II．引导词的选择 1. ____? we can't get seems better than ____?we have.
A.What , what B. What , that
C. That , that? D. That , what
2. It worried her a bit? ____ her hair was turning grey.
A．while B．that C．if? D．for
3.What the doctors really doubt is _______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．
A．when B．how
C．whether D．why
4． made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A．What…because B．What…that
C．That…what D．That…because
找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：
I think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.
2. That is hard to decide when and where we will held our sports meeting.
3. Everybody considers it impossible which he wants to finish the job in such a short time.
4. It doesn’t matter that you will come or not.
ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况
下可以借助 “it” 而后置。1.主语从句可以用it （作形式主语） 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/ adj. that…
It is certain that he will come to see me.

(B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder/ n. that ...
It is a shame that he didn’t pass the exam.（C）It is said/reported/ believed/ known/ thought/suggested that …
It is said that Brazil will win in the World Cup.
（D）It seems/happens that…
It seems that he has finished his homework.
2.宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语） 来替换的句型为：
主语＋谓语＋it＋adj./n.＋从句如：
?I think it necessary that we have the meeting．
He will believe whatever others say.
（不能用no matter what代替whatever）
Whatever others say, he will believe it.
（可以用no matter what代替whatever）规律五：whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等与 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how 的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter 加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
1. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests.
A. anyone? B. whomever
C. whoever D. no matter who 2. ____ much advice I gave him, he did exactly what he wanted to do.
A. How B. Whatever
C. However D. No matter 3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____ he or she wants.
A. however? B. whatever
C. whichever? D. whenever另外，在名词性从句的复习过程中，我们还须特别注意以下问题：填空: The reason ____ we didn't trust him is ______ he has often lied．
reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用because 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。whythat名词从句与定语从句的一些对应系：
1. He has done what he can to help me.
--He has done ____ ____ he can to help me.
What I want to say has nothing to do with it.
--____ ____ I want to say has nothing to do
with it.
all thatAll that 3. Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.
______ ______ breaks the law is to be punished.
4. He will give the dictionary to whoever
needs if most.
He will give the dictionary to ______ ____
needs it most.
5. We’ll remember whomever we turned to
for help.
We’ll remember ______ ________ we turned
to for help.Anyone whoanyone whoanyone (whom)6. They will do whatever he wants them to do.
They will do ______ ______he wants them to do.
7. I’ll read whichever book you give me.
I’ll read ____ of the? books _____? you give me.
anything thatany
that
巩固练习 1.The question is ____? the film is worth seeing．
A．if? B．what
C．whether D．how
2.One of the men held the view? ____ the book said was right．
A．that what B．What that
C．that? D．whether 3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can't remember?____.
A．where B．there
C．which D．that
4.Energy is? ____ makes things work．
A．What B．everything C．something? D．anything
5.The reason? ____ I have to go is_____ my mother is ill in bed．
A. why ; why? B. why ; because
C. why ; that? D. that ; because
6.He doesn't think the question ____ they are men or women is important．
A. whether? ? B. if????????? ?
C. which? D. why 7.I ask her _______ come with me.
if she will B. if will she
C. whether will she D. will she
8._______ he said is true.
What B. That
C. Which D. Whether 9.Can you tell me ________?
who is that gentleman
B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is
D. whom is that gentleman
10.He didn't know which room _______.
they lived B. they lived in
C. did they live D. did they live in Homework
1.Part 2 and part 3 in your homework.
2.Preview reading 2.11.To get the job started, _______ I need is some money.
only what B. all what
C. all that D. only that
12.I have no idea _______ far the railway station is from here.
A. what B. how C. it's D. that 13.Can you tell me _______ the railway station?
A. how I can get to B. what can I get to
C. where I can got to D. where can I get to

14.Do you know _______?
A. what is his name B. how is his name
C. what his name is D. how his name is 15._______ you have done might do harm to other people.
That B. What C. Which D. This
16.They have no idea at all ________.
where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone
D. where has he gone 17.They want to know _________ do to help us.
what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D. how can they
18.These photographs will show you _______.
what our village looks like
B. what does our village look like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like 19.Can you make sure ________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put

20.________ the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
21.Go and get your coat. It's ________ you left it.
there B. where
C. there where D. where there
22._______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
What B. That
C. The fact D. The matter
23. — I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
— Is that _________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
24.These wild flowers are so special that I would do ________ I can to save them.
A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 25. — Do you remember ________ he came?
— Yes, I do. He came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
26.________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
27.It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants.
however B. whatever
C. whichever D. whenever 28.________ you don't like him is none of my business.
A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether
29.You can't imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
how they were excited
B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited 30.________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
31.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _________ I got wet through.
It's the reason B. That's why
C. There's why D. It's how 32.It was a matter of ________ would take the position.
who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
33.________ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
34.It was _______ he said _______ disappointed me.
A. what ; that B. that ; that
C. what ; what D. that ; what
35.Eat ________ cake you like and leave the others for ________ comes in late.
any ; who B. every ; whoever
C. whichever ; whoever D. either ; whoever
Good-bye!1. 误：I don't know if he comes back this month.
2. 误：I have no idea what had happened when
I was away.
正：I don't know if he will come back this month.正：I have no idea what happened when I was
away.
3.误：The reason is because he is ill.
4.误：Who leaves last turns off the light.正：The reason is that he is ill.正：Whoever leaves last turns off
the light.
Thank you for attending!Goodbye找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：
4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.
　
5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.
6. His proposal that we went there on foot is
acceptable.

　　We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.
My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.His proposal that we (should) go there on foot…...规律五：注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用！
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：
She suggested we (should) leave here at once.
The doctor ordered she (should ) be operated on.
（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：
His suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should) pay 100 dollars.
（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：
It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：
It is pity that you can’t swim.