高考专题复习-名词
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课件20张PPT。专题复习-名词Beijing bookfamilyairthinking名词概念:可数名词单、复数变化形式 1.以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes。
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco — tobaccos。 2.改变元音字母的。如：man — men, mouse — mice, foot — feet, woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose — geese, ox — oxen。特例：child — children。
3. man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor — men doctors, woman driver — women drivers。4.与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law — brothers-in-law, passer-by — passers-by。
5.单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works（工厂,作品）,cattle。 6.有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses，clothes，goods，trousers，belongings, wages，riches, surroundings，ashes灰尘, cattle家畜，congratulations，
be friends with 跟某人是朋友
have words with sb. 同某人吵架，
in high spirits 以很高热情地，
give one’s regards to sb. 向某人问侯，
in rags 衣衫破烂，
It is good manners to do sth. 有礼貌做某事。7. 集体名词的数。
有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police;
有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;
有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如： family，team，class，audience.
如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。8. 有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意思，如：
goods（货物）; looks（外貌）; times（时代）; brains（脑力，智力）; woods（树林）; spirits（情绪，兴致）;
customs（海关）; sands（沙滩，沙地）,
greens 青菜，蔬菜 ; manners 礼貌;
arms武器; waters河川，海，温泉;
spirits 心境不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（可数名词）
in surprise a surprise
win success a success
win honor an honor
Failure is the mother of success a failure
by experience an experience
Youth a youth
have pity on sb. a pity
with pleasure a pleasure ②抽象名词与a (an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?
It is a waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：
物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。
如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。(3) 容易误用为复数的不可数名词：(这些名词一般不能用作复数，谓语动词用单数) advice living equipment progress
furniture scenery information machinery
knowledge traffic baggage / luggage
trouble cash thunder weather
clothing work paper luck technology
jewelry (4) 复数形式的名词用于单数概念，其谓语动词用单数。(这些名词一般为表示学科或疾病的名词)
economics 经济学 measles 麻疹
physics 物理学 mumps 腮腺炎
mathematics 数学 rickets 软骨病，佝偻病
dynamics 动力学 news 新闻
The United States 美国
The New York Times 纽约时报名词所有格Lily’s cat
A friend of Tom’s
Lucy’s and Lily’s room
Lucy and Lily’s room
five pounds’ weight （上海卷）28. A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain.
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of
D. three times the size of （上海卷）43. He proved himself a true
gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was
seen at its best when he worked with others.
temper B. appearance
C. talent D. character （浙江卷）16. I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good _______ of direction.
A．idea B．feeling
C．experience D．sense （天津卷）10. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.
A. ability B. force
C. strength D. mind （辽宁卷）27．The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country.
A．companies B．branches
C．organizations D．businesses
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos, photo — photos, piano — pianos, kilo — kilos, tobacco — tobaccos。 2.改变元音字母的。如：man — men, mouse — mice, foot — feet, woman — women, tooth — teeth, goose — geese, ox — oxen。特例：child — children。
3. man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor — men doctors, woman driver — women drivers。4.与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law — brothers-in-law, passer-by — passers-by。
5.单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works（工厂,作品）,cattle。 6.有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses，clothes，goods，trousers，belongings, wages，riches, surroundings，ashes灰尘, cattle家畜，congratulations，
be friends with 跟某人是朋友
have words with sb. 同某人吵架，
in high spirits 以很高热情地，
give one’s regards to sb. 向某人问侯，
in rags 衣衫破烂，
It is good manners to do sth. 有礼貌做某事。7. 集体名词的数。
有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people, cattle, police;
有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;
有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如： family，team，class，audience.
如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。8. 有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意思，如：
goods（货物）; looks（外貌）; times（时代）; brains（脑力，智力）; woods（树林）; spirits（情绪，兴致）;
customs（海关）; sands（沙滩，沙地）,
greens 青菜，蔬菜 ; manners 礼貌;
arms武器; waters河川，海，温泉;
spirits 心境不可数名词的数（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（可数名词）
in surprise a surprise
win success a success
win honor an honor
Failure is the mother of success a failure
by experience an experience
Youth a youth
have pity on sb. a pity
with pleasure a pleasure ②抽象名词与a (an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?
It is a waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：
物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。
如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。(3) 容易误用为复数的不可数名词：(这些名词一般不能用作复数，谓语动词用单数) advice living equipment progress
furniture scenery information machinery
knowledge traffic baggage / luggage
trouble cash thunder weather
clothing work paper luck technology
jewelry (4) 复数形式的名词用于单数概念，其谓语动词用单数。(这些名词一般为表示学科或疾病的名词)
economics 经济学 measles 麻疹
physics 物理学 mumps 腮腺炎
mathematics 数学 rickets 软骨病，佝偻病
dynamics 动力学 news 新闻
The United States 美国
The New York Times 纽约时报名词所有格Lily’s cat
A friend of Tom’s
Lucy’s and Lily’s room
Lucy and Lily’s room
five pounds’ weight （上海卷）28. A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain.
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of
D. three times the size of （上海卷）43. He proved himself a true
gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was
seen at its best when he worked with others.
temper B. appearance
C. talent D. character （浙江卷）16. I am sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good _______ of direction.
A．idea B．feeling
C．experience D．sense （天津卷）10. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.
A. ability B. force
C. strength D. mind （辽宁卷）27．The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country.
A．companies B．branches
C．organizations D．businesses