语法专题复习-名词2
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课件22张PPT。名词的数名词的所有格名词的变化可数名词不可数名词NOUN.不可数名词(U)
一般情况下，不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不与不定冠词a(n)连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Milk is my favourite food.
Water is very important to us all.
特殊情况：
1)如果不可数名词表示特指，则必须与定冠词(the)或其它限定词连用。
The milk in the cup was bad.
2) 当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位名词(量词)。
a piece of advice / bread / chalk / news etc.
a pair of glasses / shoes / trousers etc.
two bottles of ink / milk /wine etc.
3)部分带有形容词修饰语的不可数名词可以用来表示“一种”,“一段”,“一类”等，常与不定冠词a(n)连用。
for a long time take a great interest
live a hard life make a fire
下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用。 advice weather knowledge homework
progress fun news housework
information furniture traffic
4)有些名词的用法随意义变化而不同。
coffee(咖啡) a coffee(一杯咖啡)
glass (玻璃) a glass (玻璃杯)
man (人类) a man (男人)
iron (铁) an iron (熨斗)
room （空间） a room（房间）
work （工作 a work（著作）
paper （报纸） a paper（报社）
hair （头发） hairs （几根头发）
５)部分以-s结尾的专有名词指某一事物名称常用做单数。
The United States is made up of 50 states.
The United Nations has sent an official there.
但是，
The Olympic Games are held every four years.
2.可数名词： 个体名词 (worker,pen,dog etc.)
集体名词 (family,group,police etc.)
运用原则：适当的冠词＋[C]或[pl]形式。
A horse is a kind of animals.
The horse is a kind of animals.
Horses run faster than donkeys.复数名词的构成方式：
名词后直接加-s。清辅音后读[s];浊辅音和元音后读[z].
desks dogs apples days
以-s , -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词加-es[iz].
buses watches boxes classes
以“辅音＋y”结尾的名词，先把y变成i,再加上-es [iz].
factories countries cities babies
以“元音＋y”结尾的名词，或以y结尾的专有名词直接加-s[z].
boys days Germans 5)以”辅音字母＋o”结尾的名词，加-es [iz]
heroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes
Heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes.
大多数以o结尾的外来词，缩略词直接加-s.
radios photos pianos zoos bamboos
7)以f和fe结尾的名词的复数有三种情况：
a)直接加-s.
一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。 b) 变f或fe 为-ves.
一个贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒着生命(life)危险用半(half)片树叶(leaf)似的小刀(knife)杀死了一只狼(wolf)。
c) handkerchief的复数形式有两种。
handkerchiefs handkerchieves
8)以th结尾的名词后直接加-s. 长元音后读[ez];短元音和辅音后读[θs]
mouths paths months
9)不规则变化
① foot→feet tooth- teeth goose-geese
child→children mouse→mice ②单复数同形。sheep deer fish (fishes)
③表示“某国人”的名词。
中日友谊是一致(单复数同形)
Chinese Japanese Swiss
英法联盟a改e Englishman Frenchman
其它一般加-s Germans Americans
④复合名词的复数
boy friend gold watch
passer -by sister -in-law
man doctor woman singersesssmen doctorswomen singers ⑤有些名词的复数形式表示特别的意义。
papers(报纸，稿件) works(工厂，作品)
times(时代) drinks(饮料) manners(礼貌)
⑥部分物质名词可以用复数表示种类。
silks fruits foods
⑦word用做“消息”“通知”不与冠词连用，也不用复数。
Word came that he won the first prize keep one’s word
have a word/a few words with sb.
have words with sb. leave word
in a word in other words 备注：有些名词只有复数形式。例如。
goods(货物) glasses(眼镜) compasses(圆规)
thanks(感谢) clothes(衣服) remains (遗物，遗体)
trousers(裤子) cattle(牛） police 警察守信 与某人说话与某人吵嘴 留言简而言之换句话说名词的一般用法
★名词做定语
1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数
* He has two pencil-boxes.
* There are three banana trees over there.
2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致
*We need a man teacher.
*They are all women workers. 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式
*a sports field *a clothes shop
a parents meeting
4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时， 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。
*He is a fourteen-year-old boy.
*This is a two-hour plan.★名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。
* Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.
她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。
*There is a pair of glasses on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜名词所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.名词所有格的构成方法
1.单数名词后加“’ s”
*Tom ’ s book *my friend’ s uncle
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可
*Teachers ’ Day *two weeks ’ holiday 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’ s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4.用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系
*a picture of the classroom
但是有些表示时间、距离、国家、等无生命的东西的名词，可以加“‘s”来构成所有格。today's newspaper，ten minutes' walk， China's problem，表示时间：
一周的休假
a week’s holiday
明天的天气
tomorrow’s weather
两年的时间之内
in two years’ time
十分钟休息
ten minutes’ break
两小时的耽搁
two hours’ delay
也可以用a ten－minute break，a two-hour delay：
我们有十分钟的休息时间。
We have ten minutes’ break
We have a ten－minute break．二.名词所有格的几个注意点
1.可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略
* my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家）
* go to the teachers’ ( office）
(去老师办公室）
? 2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式
*the cat’s name / the name of the cat
*China’s capital/ the capital of China 3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”
* Lucy and Lily’s room
露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）
请区别: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
露西的房间和莉莉的房间
（两人各有一间房间）在表示所有物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of+名词‘s”的形式来表示所有关系，且of后面的名词一般都表示人，不能表示物。
如：a friend of my father's，that book of Peter's，two bags of his sister's。1.The rich_________not always happy.?
A.are B.is? C.have D.has?
2.In Britain,_________are all painted red.?
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes?
C.letter box D.letters box?
3.There are four_______and two_______in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen?
C.Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans?
4.She was born in Wuhan, but Beijing has become her second_________.?
A.home B.family? C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_________.?
A.a good news? B.a piece of news?
C.many good news? D.two news? 课时训练AADAB6.We can do the work better with______money and
________ people.?
A. less, fewer B.fewer, less
C. little, little D.few, few?
?
7.Beijing is one of the most beautiful______in China.
A.city B.cities? C.citys D.the cities?
8.Would you like_________??
A.some more meat ?B.any more meat?
C.many more meat? D.more much meat课时训练(A)BA9. ( ) This is my____ dictionary. A. sister Mary B. sister's Mary
C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's 10. Joan is____. A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister 11. ( ) The football under the bed is____. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's
C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's 12. ( ) It's about ___ walk from my house. A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes 13. ( ) ____ face to the south. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The room's windows D. The windows in room 14. ( ) Miss Smith is a friend of____. A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother
C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mothers
一般情况下，不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不与不定冠词a(n)连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Milk is my favourite food.
Water is very important to us all.
特殊情况：
1)如果不可数名词表示特指，则必须与定冠词(the)或其它限定词连用。
The milk in the cup was bad.
2) 当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位名词(量词)。
a piece of advice / bread / chalk / news etc.
a pair of glasses / shoes / trousers etc.
two bottles of ink / milk /wine etc.
3)部分带有形容词修饰语的不可数名词可以用来表示“一种”,“一段”,“一类”等，常与不定冠词a(n)连用。
for a long time take a great interest
live a hard life make a fire
下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用。 advice weather knowledge homework
progress fun news housework
information furniture traffic
4)有些名词的用法随意义变化而不同。
coffee(咖啡) a coffee(一杯咖啡)
glass (玻璃) a glass (玻璃杯)
man (人类) a man (男人)
iron (铁) an iron (熨斗)
room （空间） a room（房间）
work （工作 a work（著作）
paper （报纸） a paper（报社）
hair （头发） hairs （几根头发）
５)部分以-s结尾的专有名词指某一事物名称常用做单数。
The United States is made up of 50 states.
The United Nations has sent an official there.
但是，
The Olympic Games are held every four years.
2.可数名词： 个体名词 (worker,pen,dog etc.)
集体名词 (family,group,police etc.)
运用原则：适当的冠词＋[C]或[pl]形式。
A horse is a kind of animals.
The horse is a kind of animals.
Horses run faster than donkeys.复数名词的构成方式：
名词后直接加-s。清辅音后读[s];浊辅音和元音后读[z].
desks dogs apples days
以-s , -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词加-es[iz].
buses watches boxes classes
以“辅音＋y”结尾的名词，先把y变成i,再加上-es [iz].
factories countries cities babies
以“元音＋y”结尾的名词，或以y结尾的专有名词直接加-s[z].
boys days Germans 5)以”辅音字母＋o”结尾的名词，加-es [iz]
heroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes
Heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes.
大多数以o结尾的外来词，缩略词直接加-s.
radios photos pianos zoos bamboos
7)以f和fe结尾的名词的复数有三种情况：
a)直接加-s.
一个首领(chief)带着一个农奴(serf)在海湾(gulf)的悬崖(cliff)上发现一个屋顶(roof)上面有个保险箱(safe)。 b) 变f或fe 为-ves.
一个贼人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒着生命(life)危险用半(half)片树叶(leaf)似的小刀(knife)杀死了一只狼(wolf)。
c) handkerchief的复数形式有两种。
handkerchiefs handkerchieves
8)以th结尾的名词后直接加-s. 长元音后读[ez];短元音和辅音后读[θs]
mouths paths months
9)不规则变化
① foot→feet tooth- teeth goose-geese
child→children mouse→mice ②单复数同形。sheep deer fish (fishes)
③表示“某国人”的名词。
中日友谊是一致(单复数同形)
Chinese Japanese Swiss
英法联盟a改e Englishman Frenchman
其它一般加-s Germans Americans
④复合名词的复数
boy friend gold watch
passer -by sister -in-law
man doctor woman singersesssmen doctorswomen singers ⑤有些名词的复数形式表示特别的意义。
papers(报纸，稿件) works(工厂，作品)
times(时代) drinks(饮料) manners(礼貌)
⑥部分物质名词可以用复数表示种类。
silks fruits foods
⑦word用做“消息”“通知”不与冠词连用，也不用复数。
Word came that he won the first prize keep one’s word
have a word/a few words with sb.
have words with sb. leave word
in a word in other words 备注：有些名词只有复数形式。例如。
goods(货物) glasses(眼镜) compasses(圆规)
thanks(感谢) clothes(衣服) remains (遗物，遗体)
trousers(裤子) cattle(牛） police 警察守信 与某人说话与某人吵嘴 留言简而言之换句话说名词的一般用法
★名词做定语
1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数
* He has two pencil-boxes.
* There are three banana trees over there.
2.man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致
*We need a man teacher.
*They are all women workers. 3.sports,clothes做定语时,仍用复数形式
*a sports field *a clothes shop
a parents meeting
4. 当数词与单位名词一起做定语时， 单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用“-”连接。
*He is a fourteen-year-old boy.
*This is a two-hour plan.★名词做主语时,应注意名词的数，避免主谓不一致。
* Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.
她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。
*There is a pair of glasses on the desk.
桌上有一副眼镜名词所有格
表示名词间的所有关系“ …的”
一.名词所有格的构成方法
1.单数名词后加“’ s”
*Tom ’ s book *my friend’ s uncle
2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ’”即可
*Teachers ’ Day *two weeks ’ holiday 3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“’ s”
* Children’ s Day * men’ s shoes
4.用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表示无生命名词的所有关系
*a picture of the classroom
但是有些表示时间、距离、国家、等无生命的东西的名词，可以加“‘s”来构成所有格。today's newspaper，ten minutes' walk， China's problem，表示时间：
一周的休假
a week’s holiday
明天的天气
tomorrow’s weather
两年的时间之内
in two years’ time
十分钟休息
ten minutes’ break
两小时的耽搁
two hours’ delay
也可以用a ten－minute break，a two-hour delay：
我们有十分钟的休息时间。
We have ten minutes’ break
We have a ten－minute break．二.名词所有格的几个注意点
1.可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略
* my aunt’s ( home） (我姑姑家）
* go to the teachers’ ( office）
(去老师办公室）
? 2.有些名词的所有格可用两种形式
*the cat’s name / the name of the cat
*China’s capital/ the capital of China 3.表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加“’s”
* Lucy and Lily’s room
露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）
请区别: Lucy’s and Lily’s rooms
露西的房间和莉莉的房间
（两人各有一间房间）在表示所有物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of+名词‘s”的形式来表示所有关系，且of后面的名词一般都表示人，不能表示物。
如：a friend of my father's，that book of Peter's，two bags of his sister's。1.The rich_________not always happy.?
A.are B.is? C.have D.has?
2.In Britain,_________are all painted red.?
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes?
C.letter box D.letters box?
3.There are four_______and two_______in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen?
C.Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans?
4.She was born in Wuhan, but Beijing has become her second_________.?
A.home B.family? C.house D.country 5.Mother brought me_________.?
A.a good news? B.a piece of news?
C.many good news? D.two news? 课时训练AADAB6.We can do the work better with______money and
________ people.?
A. less, fewer B.fewer, less
C. little, little D.few, few?
?
7.Beijing is one of the most beautiful______in China.
A.city B.cities? C.citys D.the cities?
8.Would you like_________??
A.some more meat ?B.any more meat?
C.many more meat? D.more much meat课时训练(A)BA9. ( ) This is my____ dictionary. A. sister Mary B. sister's Mary
C. sister, Mary's D. sister's Mary's 10. Joan is____. A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister 11. ( ) The football under the bed is____. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily's and Lucy's
C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's 12. ( ) It's about ___ walk from my house. A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes 13. ( ) ____ face to the south. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The room's windows D. The windows in room 14. ( ) Miss Smith is a friend of____. A. Mary's mother's B. Mary's mother
C. mother's of Mary D. Mary mothers