Module 2 No Drugs 学案

Module Two No Drugs
主备教师 郭明华
一、重点单词讲解
1．addiction n. [U] 上瘾；沉溺；吸毒成瘾（“对……上瘾”用“addiction to…”）
e.g.I believe you can overcome your addiction to drugs.
我相信你能克服毒瘾。
词性变化：
addictive adj. 使人上瘾的;addict n. [C] 上瘾的人；vt使上瘾
addicted adj.（对……）上瘾（be addicted to）
e.g.He became addicted to the drug.他上了毒瘾。
The children are addicted to computer games.孩子们对计算机游戏上了瘾。
2．danger n. 危险；风险；危险（人）物；危害
e.g.In war, a soldier’s life is full of danger.在战争中，士兵的生命充满了危险。
A busy street is a danger to children.交通流量大的街道对小孩子很危险。（“对……危险”用“danger to…”）
常用短语：in danger 处于危险中
　　　　　out of danger 脱险
e.g.She fell into a river and was in danger.她跌入河中，处于危险之中。
The boy has been out of danger.这男孩已经脱险。
词性变化：
danger n. 危险；危险的人或物
dangerous　adj. 危险的;dangerously adv. 危险地
endanger　vt. 危及；危害；使遭到危险
3. powerful adj.
1) 强有力的: The headmaster is a powerful man. 校长是个强有力的人物。
2) 极大的: Her imagination is too powerful.她的想象力太丰富。
3) 强的；强烈的: Onions have a powerful smell.
4) 有势力的
4．reduce vt. 缩减（体积、数量、程度、价格等）；减小；减少；降低（减少了多少，用by；减少到多少，用to，reduce的同义词是decrease，反义词是increase）
e.g.She reduced her weight by 5 kilograms by taking exercise.
通过做运动，她的体重减了5公斤。
The number of the people in that club has reduced to about 30.
那个俱乐部里的人数已经减少到了30左右。
5．crime　n.　[U] 犯罪活动，不法行为，罪行[C]；罪
e.g.Crime is on the increase in big cities.在大城市里，犯罪正在逐渐增加。
Killing people is a crime.杀人是一种罪行。
常用短语：commit/do a crime 犯罪
e.g.He committed a crime.　他犯了罪。
词性变化：
criminal n. 罪犯，犯罪者;　　　adj. 犯罪的，犯法的，罪恶的
6．connection　n. [U]　连接；联结　[C]连接点；连接物
e.g.What is the connection between the two facts 这两个事实之间有什么联系？
The light goes on and off. Is there a loose connection
灯忽明忽暗，是不是线路接触不良？
7．illegal adj. 不合法的；违法的
e.g.It is illegal to carry guns without permission.未经许可携带枪械是违法的。
It is illegal to steal things.偷东西是违法的。
What you did is an illegal act. 你所做的是违法行为。
8．likely
（1）adj. 有可能的；可能发生的；适当的；正合要求的
e.g.Can you tell me the likely result 你能告诉我可能的结果吗？
This looks a likely place to take a bath.这地方适合洗个澡。
常用结构：sb./ sth. +be + likely + to do sth.
　　　　　it +be + likely + that-clause
e.g.He’s likely to ring me tonight.= It’s likely that he will ring me tonight.
他可能今晚给我打电话。
Susan isn’t likely to win.苏珊不可能赢。
It’s likely that she will pass the exam= She is likely to pass the exam.
她有可能通过这次考试。
It isn’t likely to rain.不太像要下雨。
（2）adv. 通常与very, most, quite连用，very/most/quite likely很可能；as likely as not 可能；十之八九
e.g.Most likely he will lose his way. 很可能他会迷路。
词语辨析： likely probable和possible
①三个词均表示“可能的”，但likely和probable所表示的可能性大，possible表示的可能性小。
②三个词均可用于It is…that…结构。
e.g.It is possible/ likely/ probable that they will win. 他们可能会赢。
③只有likely可以用人当主语，即sb. is likely to do，意为“某人可能做……”
e.g.They are likely to win. 他们可能会赢。（此处不能用possible或probable）
④possible和likely后可接不定式，而probable不与不定式连用：It is possible/ likely to happen.事情可能要发生。（不能用probable）
9．disagree vi. （与某人）意见不一；与……不一致；不相符
The two statements disagreed.　这两种说法不一致。
disagree with sb. 不同意某人；（食物、气候等）对某人不适合
e.g.I disagreed with you.我不同意你的意见。
The hot climate disagrees with me.这炎热的气候不适合我。
10．ban
（1）vt.　禁止（某事物）
e.g.The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.
政府已经禁止使用化学武器。
Smoking is banned in school.在学校禁止吸烟。
常用结构：ban sb. from sth./ from doing sth. 明令禁止某人做某事
e.g.He has been banned from driving．他已经被禁止开车。
He was banned from attending that party.他被禁止去参加晚会。
（2）n.　禁止；禁令（an official order that forbids something from being used or done; prohibition）
常用结构：a ban on... 　对……的禁止
e.g.There is a ban on smoking in hospital.　医院里禁止吸烟。
即学即用：
The chemical factory puts a _____on smoking,that is to say,smoking is_____in it.
A.stop;banned B.ban;banned C.ban;stopped D.stop;stopped
11. horrible adj.①恐怖的；可怕的;②令人讨厌的；极丑陋的
There was a horrible accident here yesterday.昨天在这里发生了一起可怕的事故。
What a horrible building!多难看的一座建筑物!
这鬼天气!_________________________________________.
12．affect vt. 影响
e.g.Smoking affects health. 吸烟影响健康。。
The change in climate may affect their health.气候的改变可能会影响他们的健康状况。
(1).affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对...产生不利影响”的意思, 如:
This article will affect my thinking.这篇文章将会影响我的思想。
(2).effect 指“实现”、“达成”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果, 如:
This book effected a change in my opinion. 这本书使我的看法起了变化。
(3).influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”, 如:
Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine.
在一位中学生物教师的影响下, 他从事医学研究。
13．recognize　vt.　认出；听出；识别出（不用于进行时）
e.g.I’m sorry I didn’t recognize you just now.不好意思，我刚才没认出你来。
I didn’t recognize her voice on the phone.我在电话里没听出她的声音。
I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.
虽然我有10年没看到彼得了，但我认出了他。
辨析：recognize与know
recognize侧重辨认，认得曾见过或听过的人或事物，指再认过程。
know指通过交往或接触而与某人或某事熟悉，而不表示再认。
e.g.I know him, so I can recognize his voice on the telephone.
我熟悉他，所以我能在电话中听出他的声音。
14. distraction n.
1) 分心；注意力转移；精力不集中。driven to distraction 使发狂
2) 分心的事；娱乐；消遣
There are too many distractions in the hotel for me to work properly.
___________________________________________________.
二、句子解析
1．During the 1990s, people died as a result of smoking cigarettes.
在20世纪90年代，人们由于吸烟死亡。
in/during the 1990s 在20世纪90年代
e.g.He was born in the early 1970s.他出生于20世纪70年代初。
The old bridge was built in the late 1890s.这座古桥建于19世纪90年代末。
2．Thirteen people die every hour from illnesses related to smoking tobacco, such as cancer, bronchitis and heart disease.
每小时有13人死于与吸烟有关的疾病，像癌症、支气管炎、心脏病。
（1）die of/from... 因……而死
①若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因)，一般用介词 of。
e.g.die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病、癌症、发烧等)
②若死因不是存在人体之内或之上，而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因)，一般用介词 from。
e.g.die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故、雷击等)
③若死因是环境影响到体内，即两方面共有的原因，则可用 of, from 均可。
e.g.die of [from] a drink (a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒(受伤，劳累过度，饥饿，饥寒等)
但是在实际运用中，两者混用的情况较多。
归纳拓展：
die away (声音，光等)消失，（风）停下来
die down（火）渐熄，（草木）枯萎，凋谢
die out 逐渐消失；绝种；（风俗，习惯）消失，消灭
be dying for…渴望……，很想…… be dying to do…渴望做……
即学即用：
①He is dying____a drink. A.of B.from C.for D.with
②This kind of animal has____in the world.
A.died away B.died down C.died off D.died out
（2）be related to...: be connected with...　和……有关系；与……有亲缘关系
relate to 涉及；有关；相处融洽 relating to(=about)关于……
e.g.This crime is related to drugs.该罪案和毒品有关。
This heart attack may be related to his overwork.
这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。
He is related to my family.他同我家有血缘关系。
This text relates to environmental protection.这篇课文涉及环境保护。
The two boys can’t relate to each other.这两个男孩合不来。
即学即用：
①This letter__________（与……有关）the sale of the house.
②All things__________all other things.（事物是普遍联系的）。
③The plan__________（与这项工程有关的）is under discussion.
3．I used to be a drug addict.我曾经使个瘾君子。
used to be…: something was true in the past but is not true now. 过去曾经是
used to do sth: something happens regularly or all the time in the past but does not happen now. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）
e.g.He used to tell lies.他过去常常撒谎。（现在不撒谎了）
She used to be an attractive lady.她曾经是位迷人的女郎（现在不是了）
There used to be an old temple behind our school. 我们学校后面曾经有一座古庙。
拓展：be/ get used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯做某事
　　　be used to do sth(be used for doing sth. )被用来做某事
e.g.She is not used to the food in this country.她不习惯这个国家的食物。
Are you used to living here 你习惯住在这吗？
This piece of wood can be used to make a small table/for making a small table.
这块木头可被用来做个小桌子。
即学即用：用所给词的正确形式填空
1 I’m used to______(get)up early.
2 He used to______(dance)until midnight.
3 Wood can be used to______make) paper.
4 The life he was used to______(change) a lot.
辨一辨：would与used to
⑴would do something.表示过去经常发生，现在也可能经常发生。
She would say“No pains,no gains”,when she was a teacher.
⑵used to do表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，同时隐含有“现在已经改变”的意思。
I used to live in the countryside.我过去住在农村。
4.One day,he offered me some crack cocaine.
offer vi.&vt.&n. 提议，提供
Someone will offer you 20,000 yuan for your house.
有人将出价20000元买你的房子。
My classmates offer to help me with my English.我的同学愿意帮助我学英语。
He offered his life for the country.他把生命献给了祖国。
sth.提供，提出
sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.＝provide/supply sb. with sth.
offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
sth. for money卖给某人要多少钱
money for sth.出钱买东西
sth. is offered/supplied/provided to sb.某物被提供给某人
offer advice/suggestions/congratulations/the price...
提出劝告/建议/表示祝贺/出价…
5.The next day,I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder.
the next day第二天，类似的用法有：
another day可表示近期将来的某一天，意为“改天”，也可表示过去或将来某一动作或状态延续的“又一天”
the other day相当于a few days ago，意为“几天前”。句子用一般过去时。
some day指将来“总有一天，有朝一日，终将”，谓语动词用一般将来时。
one day可以表示“（过去）某一天”，谓语动词常用一般过去时；也可表示“（将来）某一天”，这时可与some day互相代替，谓语动词常用一般将来时。
6．Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share needles with other users.
注射毒品的人如果和其他吸毒者共用针头，他们就更危险了。
(1).inject
①．The doctor is giving an injection in his neck.医生正在给他的脖子打针。
②．The government is prepared to inject money into the National Bank.
政府准备把资金注入国家银行。
【归纳拓展】
inject vt.(常与with连用)注射；（常与into连用）注入
(2).share…with… 和……分享/分担/共同具有……
e.g.The three girls share one room.　这三个女孩同住一间房。
I shared my lunch with him.　我把午餐分给他。
Would you share your magazines with me 我们一起看杂志好吗？
7．As a result, cocaine users sometimes have heart attacks.
所以，可卡因吸毒者有时会心脏病发作。
as a result　因此；结果
as a result of　因为；由于……的结果（as a result of是介词短语，后面跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式，相当于because of）
e.g.Many people helped him. As a result, he succeeded at last.
许多人帮助他，因此，他最后成功了。
As a result of the flood, many people became homeless.
由于这场洪水，许多人变得无家可归了。
8.I n almost every US city and town,…
almost与nearly
①这两个词意思相近，肯定句中可以互用；一般来说，almost的差距比nearly小，
在差一刻开午饭时可以说：It’s nearly lunchtime.
在差5分钟开午饭可以说：It’s almost lunchtime.
②almost能和never,no, none,nothing,nobody,nowhere,too,more than等连用，这种情况下不能用nearly.
③nearly可以和not连用，not nearly是“远不如”的意思;但almost不和not单独连用
④almost和nearly都可以用在行为动词的否定式之前：
He almost(nearly) didn’t hear what I said.他几乎没听清我说了什么。
9.in the future/in future
①.You’d better not go out alone in future.
②.No one knows what will happen in the future.
【归纳拓展】
in future＝from now on今后
in the future＝in time yet to come将来
二者均表示“将来”，可互换。但in future强调“从今以后”;而in the future着重表示将来。
10.When you really want a cigarette----try the four Ds.
英语中的缩写，数字，字母的复数常用加’s的方法来构成，如：
Ph.D.’s哲学博士们/three A’s 3个A
1990’s 20世纪90年代
Δ上列复数形式也可不加 ’,如As,1990s
11.Whatever you’re doing when you want to smoke---do something else!
whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever即可以引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时等同于no matter what/who/whom/which.
Whoever walks around in such a heavy rain will catch a cold.
任何在这种大雨中行走的人都会感冒。
Whoever/No matter who says so,it is wrong.不管谁这样说，那都是错误的。
Whoever/No matter who asks him for advice,he is always ready to help.
不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。
三、语法点拨
1．不定式作状语
（1）不定式作目的状语，即to do ...表示“为了……”。
e.g.He is saving up to buy a new computer.他在攒钱要买一台新电脑。
I came here to tell you something.我到这来是为了告诉你点事情。
（2）不定式前面加上in order to或so as to，否定形式in order not to和so as not to，即in order to/ not to do…和so as to/ not to do…的形式，也表示“为了……”，是to do...的强调形式。其中so as to/not to do...的结构不能置于句首。
e.g.She worked very hard in order not to lose this chance.
I went to the book store so as to buy some latest novels.我去书店是为了买一些最新的小说。
（3）不定式表示目的时，通常它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，但如果不是的话，就要用for...结构表示逻辑主语。
I brought here several magazines for the children to read.我带来一些杂志以便这些孩子阅读。
The teachers are using new teaching methods for students to make greater progress.
这些老师正在使用新的教学方法以便学生取得更大的进步。
（4）不定式还可以作结果或原因状语
①表结果：
e.g.The hall is large enough to hold two hundred people.
这个大厅非常大，足够容纳200人。
She went abroad, never to return.她去了国外，再也没有回来。
He grew up to be a great musician.他长大后成了伟大的音乐家。
The boy is too young to go to school.这男孩太小还不能去上学。
I tried again, only to fail.我又试了一次，又失败了。
②表原因：
e.g.I’m very glad to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。
She was surprised to hear the news.听到这个消息，她很吃惊。
You must be very happy to have found your lost car.你的车失而复得，一定非常高兴。
2．结果状语从句
（1）so...that...　和such...that...（如此……以至于……）引导的结果状语从句。
e.g.The black horse ran so fast that all the other horses were left behind.
这匹黑马跑的太快，结果所有其它的马都被落在了后面。
It was such loud music that we couldn’t hear ourselves speak.
这音乐声大得我们都听不到自己讲话。
She is so lovely a girl that all of us like her very much.她那么可爱，我们都非常喜欢她。
It was such a frightening snake that no one dared get close to it.
这条蛇很吓人，结果无人敢接近它。
（2）so 的后面跟形容词或副词。
e.g.She was so tired that she went to bed without any supper.
她累坏了，结果没吃晚饭就上床睡觉了。
They played so happily that they forgot the time.他们玩得非常开心，以至于忘记了时间。
（3）such 后面跟名词。
e.g.It was such a nice day that we all felt like playing outside.
天气这么好，我们都想出去玩。
This is such an easy question that a child can answer it.这问题很容易，连孩子都回答的出来。
（4）so many/much/few/little + n. 是固定搭配，表示“如此多/少……”，其中，many, few修饰可数名词，much, little修饰不可数名词。
e.g.Father bought me so many books that I couldn’t finish reading them all within the summer holiday.
爸爸给我买了这么多书，我不可能在暑假全部读完。
There was so little food left that we had to starve the next day.
只有这么一点食物，我们第二天不得不挨饿了。
I haven’t seen such little animals eat so many insects.
我从没见过这么小的动物吃这么多的昆虫。
（5）某些不定式作状语的句子可转换成结果状语从句
e.g.She is such a good student as to be liked by all her classmates.= She is such a good student that she is liked by all her classmates.她是非常好的学生，所有的同学都喜欢她。
He was so clever as to think out a wonderful solution.
= He was so clever that he thought out a wonderful solution.
他非常聪明，想出了一个绝妙的解决办法。
四．练习
1.The_____soldier told us his past days.Before long he ____.His ____made us very sad.
A.dying;died;death B.dying;death;died
C.dead;died;dying D.died;dead;death
2.A library with five thousand books_____to the nation as a gift.
A.is offered B.has offered C.are offered D.have offered
3.Thank you for____to help,but I can manage it myself.
A.providing B.supplying C.giving D.offering
4.______,most married women stayed home to keep house and take care of children.Which one is not correct
A.In the 1950s B.During the 1950’s C.At the 1950’s D.During the 1950s
5.I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe_____.
A.in the future B.in future C.for future D.for the future
6.It’s nearly ten o’clock and father_____walk in at any moment.
A.is possible to B.is maybe to C.is likely to D.is able to
7.Look,dark clouds are gathering.It is____to rain soon.
A.probably B.possibly C.likely D.perhaps
8.China_____the third world is greater now.
A.belongs B.belongs to C.belonging to D.belonged to
Keys:1.A.2.A3.D.4.C.5.B.6.C.7.C.8.C