2017届高三英语二轮复习教师用书：第4讲 定语从句

第四讲　定语从句
1．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
to
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid 1980s，
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
permitted
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.
2．(2016·高考全国丙卷语法填空)Some
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius，
lived
from
roughly
551
to
479
B．C.，influenced
the
development
of
chopsticks.
3．(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ单选，4改编)When
I
arrived，Bryan
took
me
to
see
the
house
I
would
be
staying.
4．(2012·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ单选，8改编)That
evening，
I
will
tell
you
more
about
later，I
ended
up
working
very
late.
5．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I'd
skipped
nearby
Guilin，a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
paintings.
6．(2013·高考广东卷语法填空)Nick's
guests，
had
heard
their
conversation，asked
why
they
should
not
buy
salt
more
cheaply
if
they
could.
7．(2015·高考广东卷语法填空)When
harvest
came
around，he
was
already
selling
herbs，vegetables
and
cotton
in
the
market
people
from
the
towns
met
regularly.
8．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Maybe
you
have
a
habit
is
driving
your
family
crazy.
9．(2014·高考广东卷语法填空)The
next
day，my
brother
and
I
went
to
the
beach
we
watched
some
people
play
volleyball.
10．(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)Having
tea
in
the
late
afternoon
provides
a
bridge
between
lunch
and
dinner，that
might
not
be
served
until
8
o'clock
at
night.
11．(2016·高考北京卷单选，22改编)I
live
next
door
to
a
couple
children
often
make
a
lot
of
noise.
12．(2016·高考天津卷单选，9改编)We
will
put
off
the
picnic
in
the
park
until
next
week，
the
weather
may
be
better.
13．(2013·高考浙江卷单选，5改编)The
children，all
of
which
had
played
the
whole
day
long，were
worn
out.
14．(2015·高考天津卷单选，15改编)The
boss
of
the
company
is
trying
to
create
an
easy
atmosphere
that
his
employees
enjoy
their
work.
15．(2014·高考四川卷单选，4改编)Until
now，we
have
raised
50，000
pounds
for
the
poor
children，that
is
quite
unexpected.
答案：1.when　2.who　3.where　4.which　5.that/which
6．who　7.where　8.that/which　9.where　10.that→which　11.whose　12.when　13.which→whom　14.that→where　15.that→which
1．选择关系代词和关系副词的三个原则
(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性；
(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物；
(3)根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，则用关系代词；若从句中缺状语，则用关系副词。
2．牢记定语从句的特殊用法
看到先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，若引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词where引导定语从句；若不作状语，则常用关系代词that/which。
3．熟记as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
(1)位置不同
as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。
(2)含义不同
as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。
4．“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选择原则
(1)根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配；
(2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配；
(3)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配；
(4)在非限制性定语从句中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时常用介词of。
5．巧辨定语从句与其他从句
(1)定语从句与名词性从句的区别
定语从句前必须有先行词，先行词通常为名词或代词；名词性从句除同位语从句外，前面均无名词或代词。
(2)定语从句与同位语从句的区别
二者前通常都有名词或代词，但定语从句起修饰、限定作用；同位语从句起解释、说明作用；引导定语从句的that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；而引导同位语从句的that在从句中不作成分。
(3)非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别
若前后句之间有and，but，so等并列连词或分号等，则为并列句；若只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词或句子的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·江西红色七校一联)There，lying
in
the
muddy
river
bed
was
a
little
dog
about
two
months
old，
front
legs
were
tightly
tied
with
ropes.
2．This
is
an
age
so
many
foreigners
are
crazy
about
teachings
of
Confucius.
3．(2016·广东汕头二模)Sierra
Leone
is
a
country
basic
health
facilities
are
lacking
and
many
people
are
struggling
with
poverty.
4．(2016·山东青岛一模)On
looking
at
the
spot
the
bird
had
risen，I
saw
two
eggs.
5．When
I
arrived，Bryan
took
me
to
see
the
house
I
would
be
staying.
6．Many
countries
are
now
setting
up
national
parks
animals
and
plants
can
be
protected.
7．(2016·山东烟台3月诊断)The
heart warming
story
began
in
September
last
year
a
woman
asked
the
primary
school
in
her
neighborhood
to
accept
her
six year old
son.
8．(2016·辽宁葫芦岛调研)With
the
fast
development
of
agriculture，the
people，in
village
she
taught
10
years
ago，have
lived
a
happy
life.
9．(2016·江西新余一模)There
are
many
new
central
leaders
in
China
now，of
many
once
worked
in
the
western
provinces.
10．(2016·安徽皖北协作区3月联考)If
the
earth
is
poisoned，the
water，the
food
and
the
animals
will
be
poisoned，
means
that
we
who
poison
the
earth
will
be
poisoned
too.
11．The
book
tells
stories
of
the
earthquake
through
the
eyes
of
those
lives
were
affected.
12．Finally
he
reached
a
lonely
island
was
completely
cut
off
from
the
outside
world.
13．He
talked
about
the
people
and
the
place
he
had
visited
in
that
country.
14．He
is
a
man
never
leaves
today's
work
till
tomorrow.
15．This
is
the
way
he
told
me
yesterday.
16．
the
old
saying
goes，“You
can't
judge
a
book
by
its
cover.”
17．
is
often
the
case
with
children，Amy
was
better
by
the
time
the
doctor
arrived.
18．The
weather
turned
out
to
be
very
good，
was
more
than
we
could
expect.
19．I
have
read
the
book
A
Tale
of
Two
Cities，
was
written
by
Charles
Dickens.
20．They
talked
in
such
simple
English
children
could
understand.
答案：1.whose　2.when　3.where　4.where　5.where　6.where　7.when　8.whose　9.whom　10.which
11．whose　12.which/that　13.that　14.who/that
15．that　16.As　17.As　18.which　19.which　20.as
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Tibet
is
a
beautiful
part
of
China，without
where
our
country
would
be
incomplete.
2．The
couple
will
fly
to
France
for
their
honeymoon
on
their
first
stop，which
they
plan
to
stay
for
three
days.
3．If
you
risk
something
important，you
cause
it
to
be
in
a
dangerous
situation
that
you
might
lose
it.
4．That
is
the
reason
why
he
explained
to
us.
5．This
is
the
only
way
which
we
can
find
at
present.
6．The
pen
with
that
he
wrote
was
made
in
China.
7．The
train
with
which
Tom
travelled
to
Canada
was
very
fast.
8．This
is
the
garden，gate
of
which
is
very
large.
9．Who
is
the
girl
with
which
you
just
shook
hands
10．These
houses
are
sold
at
such
a
low
price
that
people
expected.
答案：1.where→which　2.which→where或which前加in　3.that→where　4.why→that/which　5.which→that
6．that→which　7.with→on　8.gate前加the　9.which→whom　10.that→as
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
I
was
visiting
the
Cape
Verde
Islands
with
some
friends.Although
it
was
a
1.
(wind)day，the
water
was
clear
and
my
friends
were
out
on
the
reef.Going
out
to
snorkel(潜泳)，I
2.
(notice)that
an
ocean
current
had
spread
to
the
bay，pushing
me
towards
rocks
3.
(cover)in
sea
urchins(海胆)．Since
I
wasn't
close
to
the
shore，4.
would
have
been
a
tiring
exercise
to
swim
against
it，so，using
the
current，I
made
it
back
to
shore
in
about
an
hour.
5．
(lie)on
the
beach
and
out
of
breath，I
heard
a
voice.A
man，6.
was
one
of
the
guys
I
had
just
met，was
getting
pushed
past
the
rocks
and
would
be
quickly
carried
out
to
sea.No
one
else
was
close，7.
I
jumped
into
the
water.Keeping
a
mark
on
all
of
the
submerged
rocks
and
sand
bars(沙洲)，I
swam
out
to
him.
“Get
hold
of
my
arm
and
when
you
reach
a
sand
bar，grip
it
with
your
feel，”
I
said
over
the
roar
of
the
waves.
With
one
hand，I
held
onto
the
man，and
with
8.
other，I
was
using
all
of
my
remaining
9.
(strong)to
reach
the
sand
bars.Again，I
used
the
current
to
get
across
the
bay，towards
the
shallows.10.
(final)，we
crawled
up
the
sand
and
lay
there
watching
the
sun.
答案：1.windy　2.noticed　3.covered　4.it　5.Lying
6．who　7.so　8.the　9.strength　10.Finally
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2016·河北衡水中学模拟)Although
it
took
place
three
years
ago，I
never
forget
the
evening
party
which
is
such
a
unforgettable
experience.In
the
evening
party，we
both
spoke
English.Some
boys
and
girls
sang
English
songs
and
danced
happy.Our
monitor
had
offered
us
some
riddles
and
crossword
puzzles.Unless
you
couldn't
guess
it，you
had
to
sing
a
song
or
dance
or
tell
a
story.The
most
exciting
program
is
the
short
play
“Cow
and
Cough”，where
was
played
by
our
teacher
and
a
few
students.
We
burst
into
laughter.The
short
play
was
not
funny
but
instructive.When
my
classmate
meet
each
other
again，they
often
refer
to
that
interested
and
unforgettable
party.
答案：
Ⅴ.写作提升
A．作文例句翻译(用定语从句)
1．我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界上最爱我们的人。
2．很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。
3．总之，能够在短时间内赢得他们的友谊是我一生中感到最自豪的事。
4．因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。
5．我让他给你带去你以前要的中国画。
答案：1.We
students
should
often
exchange
ideas
with
our
parents，who
are
rich
in
experience，and
above
all，love
us
most
in
the
world.
2．I’m
sorry
I
couldn’t
reply
to
your
e mail
which
you
sent
me
a
week
ago
immediately.
3．In
a
word，being
able
to
win
their
friendship
in
a
very
short
time
is
the
thing
that
I
am
proud
of
most
in
my
life.
4．Consequently，those
who
do
those
most
insignificant
jobs
should
get
respect
as
much
as
those
being
engineers
or
teachers.
5．I’ve
asked
him
to
bring
you
the
Chinese
painting
you’ve
asked
for
before.
B．根据上下文和括号中的提示，用定语从句完成语段。
In
our
school，there
are
various
kinds
of
activities，1.
(我们非常喜欢它们)．Playing
football
and
reading
stories
are
my
favorites
2.
(它们对我有许多好处)．Besides
building
my
body
and
enriching
my
knowledge，they
also
free
me
from
the
heavy
work
or
study.
From
my
point
of
view，if
there
is
an
activity
3.
(使你感兴趣并适合你)，you
should
participate
in
it，4.
(它不仅能使你的学校生活丰富多彩，还能提高你的交际能力)．
答案：1.which
we
enjoy
very
much　2.which
do
me
lots
of
good　3.which
interests
and
suits
you　4.which
will
not
only
enrich
your
school
life，but
also
improve
your
ability
to
communicate
with
others
定语从句
[注意](1)以下情况下一般用that：
①当先行词是指物的all，little，few，much，any，anything，everything，nothing，none，the
one时，或先行词被all，little，few，much，any，every，no等修饰时。
②先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词(包括last，next)、最高级形容词及the
only，the
very等修饰时。
③先行词包括人和物时。
(2)当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因(只能是reason)等，且这些先行词在定语从句中作状语时，就分别用when，where，why来引导定语从句。另外，when，where，why一般可用“介词＋which”替代，其中reason后的why通常用for
which替代。
[特别提醒]　当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时，不一定填关系副词when，where，why，只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时，才用关系副词，否则要用关系代词。