2017届高三英语二轮复习教师用书：第7讲 名词和冠词

第七讲　名词和冠词
1．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
(day)
with
his
sister
...
2．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)Recent
(study)
show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
...
3．(2016·高考全国甲卷短文改错)If
we
go
on
a
trip
abroad，we
can
broaden
our
view
and
gain
knowledges
we
cannot
get
from
books.
4．(2016·高考全国丙卷短文改错)The
teenage
year
from
13
to
19
were
the
most
difficult
time
for
me.
5．(2016·高考全国乙卷语法填空)The
nursery
team
switches
him
every
few
days
with
his
sister
so
that
while
one
is
being
bottle fed，
other
is
with
mum—she
never
suspects.
6．(2016·高考全国甲卷语法填空)Give
your
body
and
brain
a
rest
by
stepping
outside
for
while，exercising，or
doing
something
you
enjoy.
7．(2016·高考全国乙卷短文改错)My
uncle
says
that
he
never
dreams
of
becoming
rich
in
the
short
period
of
time.
8．(2016·高考全国甲卷短文改错)But
in
that
case，we
will
learn
little
about
world.
9．(2016·高考全国丙卷短文改错)At
the
first，I
thought
I
knew
everything
and
could
make
decisions
by
myself.
10．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I'd
skipped
nearby
Guilin，a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
that
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
(painting)．
11．(2014·高考辽宁卷语法填空)Unbelievable！Oh...，if
you
don't
mind，I'll
stop
and
take
a
deep
．
12．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)The
airs
we
breathe
in
is
getting
dirtier
and
dirtier.
13．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)One
day，little
Tony
went
to
a
shopping
center
with
his
parent.
14．(2014·高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)For
example，we
can
do
reading
for
one
and
a
half
hour
and
play
sports
for
one
hour
every
day.
15．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)The
adobe
dwellings(土坯房)built
by
the
Pueblo
Indians
of
the
American
Southwest
are
admired
by
even
most
modern
of
architects
and
engineers.
答案：1.days　2.studies　3.knowledges→knowledge
4．year→years　5.the　6.a　7.the→a　8.about后加the
9．the去掉　10.paintings　11.breath　12.airs→air
13．parent→parents　14.第一个hour→hours　15.the
1．单数可数名词前通常会填冠词(a，an，the)、名词的所有格(Tom's)、形容词性物主代词(my，your，his)、不定代词(any，another，some)等。
2．空格在冠词、数词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格后，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。
3．在名词前作定语的可能是形容词或分词，在名词后作定语的可能是分词短语、不定式短语或介词短语，还可能是定语从句。
4．若有定语从句、形容词短语、分词短语或介词短语等修饰，应当用所给词的名词形式。
5．作主语或作宾语(在及物动词或介词后)时，要用括号中所给词的名词形式。
6．在确定用名词形式后，还要考虑该名词是用单数还是复数，是否要用所有格。
7．牢记雷打不动的不可数名词
如advice；news；information；progress；fun；weather，music；health；luck等，在使用这些词时，不管前面有多少修饰语，其前面一定不要用不定冠词a或an。
8．零冠词常用的四种情况
在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前；一日三餐、球类棋类等运动的名称前；与by连用表示交通通讯方式的名词前；名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，any等词作定语。
9．定冠词常用五种情况
前文已经提到过的人或物；在形容词和副词的最高级的前面；用于世界上独一无二的东西之前；用在序数词的前面表顺序；在表示乐器名称的名词之前。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—We've
been
destroying
lots
of
forests
every
year.
—What
a
shame！We'll
be
the
(victim)of
our
own
foolish
behavior.
2．—How
can
I
take
the
medicine，sir
—Just
follow
the
(direct)on
the
bottle.
3．If
a
young
man
wants
to
become
a
singer，he
should
take
some
special
(course)in
this
area
because
they
will
help
him
improve
singing
abilities.
4．(2016·陕西西安一中模拟)As
far
as
I
know，two
car
(thief)have
been
caught
in
our
community.
5．The
dream
of
going
to
the
first class
universities
attracts
us
greatly
and
we
have
made
up
our
to
achieve
it.
6．Starting
your
own
business
could
be
a
way
to
achieving
financial
independence.On
the
other
，it
could
just
put
you
in
debt.
7．I
haven't
seen
Sara
since
she
was
a
little
girl，and
she
has
changed
beyond
(recognize)．
8．It
is
not
what
you
are
thinking
about
but
how
you
can
put
it
into
that
counts.
9．—Eight
children
were
killed
in
the
accident
yesterday.
—Yes，the
news
came
as
shock
to
me.
10．—What
about
teaching
in
a
primary
school？I
think
you
are
a
born
teacher.
—With
pleasure.And
I
think
it
pleasure
to
do
my
bit
for
children.
11．It
is
out
of
the
question
that
you
can
get
rise
if
you
don't
work
hard.
12．(2016·山东青岛模拟)
real
friend
is
one
who
walks
in
when
the
rest
of
the
world
walks
out.
13．—Have
you
listened
to
weather
forecast，Linda
—Yes.It
says
that
there
will
be
a
heavy
rain
this
weekend.
14．He
told
me
the
news
that
he
got
a
new
job
in
excited
whisper.
15．To
us
all
in
China，
experience
of
taking
the
College
Entrance
Examination
seems
an
important
way
to
judge
whether
one's
life
is
a
complete
one.
16．It
is
great
pleasure
for
me
to
give
a
speech
on
the
nature
of
human
beings.
17．—Well，that
is
one
of
most
expensive
hotels
in
town，I'm
afraid.
—Do
you
mean
we'd
better
choose
cheaper
one
18．I
was
going
to
pay
a
visit
to
Li
Ping
when
Mr
Green
called
me
up，who
I
didn't
know
at
all.
19．The
education
of
young
is
always
a
hot
and
serious
topic
in
modern
society.
20．In
order
to
find
a
better
job，he
decided
to
study
second
foreign
language.
答案：1.victims　2.directions　3.courses　4.thieves
5．minds　6.hand　7.recognition　8.practice　9.a　10.a　11.a　12.A　13.the　14.an　15.the　16.a　17.the；a　18.a　19.the　20.a
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Here
is
a
very
person
we
are
looking
for，one
with
a
good
knowledge
of
German.
2．She
was
born
in
1974
and
has
played
piano
since
the
age
of
six.
3．If
you
go
to
the
party，it
is
polite
to
arrive
on
time.It
is
good
manners
to
shake
hand
with
your
host.
4．Finally
we
climbed
Mount
Hua.It
is
very
high
and
steep.We
had
to
be
careful
in
case
we
might
fall
off
the
cliff.It
took
us
six
hour
to
get
to
the
summit.
5．(2016·福建莆田质检)There
are
a
variety
of
after class
activity
in
our
school，which
benefit
us
a
lot.
6．Her
husband
was
great
comfort
to
her
when
she
was
ill.
7．It
is
great
honour
for
me
to
take
part
in
the
volunteer
work，and
I
learn
the
significance
of
helping
others.
8．You
should
follow
the
doctor's
advices
and
give
up
smoking.
9．After
about
half
a
hour，the
rain
stopped
and
I
went
home.
10．What
happened
just
now
shows
a
knowledge
of
first
aid
can
make
real
difference
in
an
emergency.
答案：1.第一个a→the　2.played后加the　3.hand→hands
4．hour→hours　5.activity→activities　6.第一个was后加a
7．is后加a　8.advices→advice　9.a→an　10.make后加a
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
man
came
to
the
USA
from
another
country.After
1.
(settle)down
at
an
island，he
went
into
a
cafeteria
to
get
something
2.
(eat)．He
sat
down
at
an
empty
table
and
waited
for
someone
to
take
his
order，but
nobody
did.
3.
(final)，a
woman
with
a
tray
full
of
food
sat
down
opposite
him
and
informed
him
4.
the
cafeteria
worked.
“Start
out
at
that
end，”
she
said.“Just
go
along
the
line
and
pick
out
what
you
want.At
5.
other
end
they'll
tell
you
how
much
you
have
to
pay.”
“I
soon
6.
(learn)how
everything
worked
in
the
USA，”the
man
told
his
friend.“Life's
a
cafeteria
there.You
can
get
anything
you
want
as
long
as
you
are
willing
to
pay
the
price.You
can
even
get
success，7.
you'll
never
get
it
if
you
wait
for
someone
to
bring
it
for
you.You
have
to
get
up
and
get
it
8.
．”
You
can't
change
the
inevitable.The
only
thing
you
can
do
9.
(be)to
control
your
attitude.Once
you
reach
that
point
in
life，happiness
and
10.
(satisfy)can't
be
too
far
away.
1．解析：settling。根据前面的介词after，可知这里要用动名词形式。
2．解析：to
eat。这里用不定式作定语。
3．解析：Finally。此空放在句首，修饰整个句子，因此要用该词的副词形式。注意首字母要大写。
4．解析：how。一位妇女带着一个装满食物的盘子坐在他对面，告诉他自助餐厅是怎样运作的。
5．解析：the。at
the
other
end为固定搭配，意为“在另一端”。
6．解析：learned/learnt。整篇文章是叙述过去的事情，故此处用一般过去时。
7．解析：but。句意：你甚至可以获得成功，但如果你等别人把它拿给你，你永远都不会得到它。
8．解析：yourself。根据句意可知你不得不自己去做，所以这里用反身代词yourself。
9．解析：is。此处是主系表结构。
10．解析：satisfaction。and连接两个并列成分，根据happiness可知此处用名词形式。
Ⅳ.短文改错
It
is
known
to
all
that
our
students
of
today
have
to
fix
our
attention
on
our
lessons，so
we
know
few
of
society.A
holiday
is
the
best
time
and
the
best
chance
to
make
up
for
that.Take
a
part time
job
is
a
good
form
of
social
practice.That
we
have
learned
in
books
and
in
class
can't
have
the
same
important
effect
us
as
what
we
have
learned
through
personal
practice.In
social
practice，we
can
surely
make
a
progress
in
both
knowledge
or
practical
ability.
Beside，when
we
take
a
part time
job，we
may
got
paid
more
or
less
ot
help
our
family.Thus，I
will
say
senior
school
students
should
take
part time
jobs
in
their
holidays，if
possibly.
答案：
Ⅴ.写作提升
用名词的固定搭配或与冠词相关的结构替换画线部分。
1．I
saw
a
lot
of
rubbish
in
the
street
the
other
day.
→I
a
lot
of
rubbish
in
the
street
the
other
day.
2．You
should
spend
your
spare
time
improving
English.
→You
should
your
spare
time
to
improve
English.
3．The
teacher
entered
the
office，with
a
book
in
his
hand．
→The
teacher
entered
the
office，
．
4．Although
she
is
a
child，she
shows
a
great
passion
for
the
stars.
→
，she
shows
a
great
passion
for
the
stars.
答案：1.caught
sight
of　2.make
full
use
of　3.book
in
hand
4．Child
though/as
she
is
名词和冠词