2017届高三英语二轮复习教师用书：第10讲 情态动词和虚拟语气

第十讲　情态动词和虚拟语气
1．(2016·高考全国甲卷短文改错)Some
classmates
suggest
we
can
go
to
places
of
interest
nearby.
2．(2016·高考全国甲卷短文改错)We
can
chose
between
staying
at
home
and
taking
a
trip.
3．(2016·高考北京卷单选，34改编)Why
didn't
you
tell
me
about
your
trouble
last
week？If
you
(tell)
me，I
could
have
helped.
4．(2016·高考天津卷单选，5改编)It
was
really
annoying；I
get
access
to
the
data
bank
you
had
recommended.
5．(2016·高考天津卷单选，15改编)I
was
wearing
a
seatbelt.If
I
hadn't
been
wearing
one，I
would
(injure)．
6．(2016·高考江苏卷单选，28改编)If
it
(be)
for
his
invitation
the
other
day，I
should
not
be
here
now.
7．(2015·高考北京卷单选，34改编)If
I
(see)
it
with
my
own
eyes,
I
wouldn't
have
believed
it.
8．(2015·高考江苏卷单选，28改编)It
might
have
saved
me
some
trouble
I
known
the
schedule.
9．(2015·高考天津卷单选，13改编)I
wish
I
(be)
at
my
sister's
wedding
last
Tuesday，but
I
was
on
a
business
trip
in
New
York
then.
10．(2015·高考安徽卷单选，32改编)It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room，or
we
(have)
nowhere
to
stay
now.
11．(2015·高考陕西卷单选，23改编)Ellen
is
a
fantastic
dancer.I
wish
I
dance
as
well
as
Ellen.
12．(2015·高考江苏卷单选，28改编)It
might
have
saved
me
some
trouble
have
I
known
the
schedule.
13．(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)We
must
found
ways
to
protect
the
environment.If
we
fail
to
do
so，we'll
live
to
regret
it.
14．(2015·高考福建卷单选，28改编)—Sorry，Mum！I
failed
the
job
interview
again.
—Oh，it's
too
bad.You
(make)full
preparations.
15．(2015·高考江苏卷单选，34改编)Many
of
the
things
we
now
benefit
from
would
not
be
around
Thomas
Edison.
答案：1.删除can或can改为should　2.chose→choose
3．had
told　4.couldn't　5.have
been
injured　6.hadn't
been　7.hadn't
seen　8.had　9.had
been　10.would
have
11．dance→danced　12.第二个have→had　13.found→find
14．should
have
made　15.but
for
1．熟记虚拟语气的三种句型公式
(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况
(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况
(3)表示对将来情况的主观推测
2.表示能力，can与be
able
to一般可互换，但be
able
to可用于将来时和完成时等更多时态；在表示过去具体某次能够成功做成某事时，只能用was/were
able
to。
3．表示请求许可，可说May/Might/Can/Could
I．..？但表示给予许可时，不能用might/could，即不说you
might/could。
4．must强调主观认为“必须”做某事，只有一般现在时态；而have
to强调客观上要求“不得不”做某事，有更多的时态变化；mustn't“不准”，而don't
have
to＝needn't“不必”。
5．表示“应该，应当”，should和ought
to可互换，只是ought
to的语气稍重；should强调主观看法，而ought
to强调客观要求。
6．表示推测的情态动词，若按语气强弱排列，依次有must，can，could，may，might等。其中，could，might不一定是can，may的过去式，只是语气分别比can，may更弱。使用时注意以下几点：
(1)must只用于肯定句，表示有把握的推测，可译作“一定会，准会”。
(2)can一般不用于肯定句，可译作“可能”；但语气稍弱的could可用于肯定句；can表示“有时也会”时也可用于肯定句。
(3)may不用于疑问句，表示没有把握的推测，常译作“或许，可能”。
(4)用于否定句：can't，couldn't不可能；may/might
not可能不。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016·四川凉山州二次诊断)We
often
hear
that
children
wish
they
(be)
grown ups，and
that
old
people
wish
to
be
young.
2．(2016·江苏淮安四次调研)She
would
be
much
healthier
now
she
not
burdened
herself
with
that
much
pressure
from
work
when
young.
3．—I
am
sure
I
saw
Brian
in
the
park
this
morning.
—You
be
imagining
things.He
left
for
America
last
night.
4．On
Sundays
when
I
was
a
child，father
and
I
get
up
early
and
go
fishing.
5．The
old
couple
each
get
a
very
nice
present
from
our
manager
on
their
birthdays.
6．Sometimes
smiles
around
the
world
be
false，hiding
other
feelings
like
anger，fear
or
worry.
7．(2016·福建毕业班质检)You
have
bought
the
book
for
me，but
thank
you
all
the
same.
8．According
to
the
factory
safety
rules，all
accidents
be
reported
to
the
safety
officer.
9．—School
is
over.How
can
we
contact
Robert
—Try
phoning
him.He
be
home
by
now.He
lives
only
a
stone's
throw
from
the
school.
10．(2016·江西南昌三中模拟)Jack，look！Everybody
is
doing
homework
quietly.
you
make
a
noise
in
class
11．If
Mr.Dewey
(be)present，he
would
have
offered
any
possible
assistance
to
the
people
there.
12．Jack
is
a
great
talker.It's
high
time
that
he
(do)something
instead
of
just
talking.
13．—Our
company
will
organize
a
trip
to
Hong
Kong
next
month.I
am
taking
my
mother
there.
—I'd
rather
you
(do)．After
all
she
has
just
recovered
from
her
illness
and
she
still
feels
weak.
14．The
upset
mother
thought
to
herself，“If
only
I
(know)what's
going
on
in
my
little
boy's
head
right
now.”
15．His
ship
was
delayed
because
of
the
heavy
fog
yesterday；otherwise
I
(pick)him
up
on
time.
16．(2016·陕西西工大附中模拟)—I'm
going
to
San
Francisco
for
a
couple
of
days.
—I
really
envy
you.How
I
wish
I
(get)away
for
a
while.
17．He
agreed
to
our
suggestion
that
we
(put)on
a
play
at
the
English
evening.
18．But
for
the
help
from
the
doctor，the
little
boy
(lose)his
life.
19．If
you
had
told
me
in
advance，I
(meet)him
at
the
airport.
20．The
order
came
that
the
medical
supplies
(send)to
the
earthquake stricken
area
soon.
答案：1.were　2.had　3.must　4.would　5.shall　6.can
7．needn't　8.shall　9.should　10.Must　11.had
been
12．did/should
do　13.didn't　14.knew　15.would
have
picked　16.would/could
get　17.(should)put　18.would
have
lost　19.would
have
met　20.(should)be
sent
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I
used
to
living
in
Hunan
but
now
I
live
in
Guangzhou.
2．You'd
better
to
wear
rubbers，for
it's
raining
outside.
3．I
would
rather
to
work
than
play.
4．I
can
have
lent
you
the
money.Why
didn't
you
ask
me
5．She
should
able
to
give
us
a
good
answer.
6．Judging
from
what
you
say，he
ought
succeed.
7．How
I
wish
there
are
28
hours
a
day
so
that
I
had
more
time
for
fun.
8．Had
he
worked
hard
years
ago，he
would
become
very
rich
today.
9．If
I
were
a
boy
again，I
will
remember
that
a
good
skater
never
tries
to
skate
in
two
directions
at
once.
10．It
might
have
been
done
better
if
you
have
been
more
careful.
答案：1.living→live　2.去掉to　3.去掉to　4.can→could
5．should后加be　6.ought后加to　7.are→were　8.become前加have　9.will→would　10.have→had
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
My
14 year old
son
John
and
I
noticed
the
coat
at
the
same
time
in
a
second hand
clothing
store.It
1.
(stand)out
among
the
old
coats.The
price
was
also
unbelievable:
$28(171
yuan)．Woolen
topcoats
were
popular
with
teenage
boys，but
they
could
cost
several
hundred
dollars
now.He
put
2.
on
and
the
fit
was
perfect.
John
wore
the
coat
to
school
the
next
day
and
came
home
3.
a
big
smile.“Did
4.
(kid)like
your
coat？”
I
asked.“They
loved
it，”
he
said.
Over
the
next
few
weeks，John
changed.He
was
polite
and
overall
much
happier.“Good
dinner，Mom.”
he
would
say
every
evening.One
day
when
I
suggested
that
he
should
start
on
his
homework
before
dinner，John，5.
always
put
things
off，said，“You're
right.I
guess
I
will.”
6.
I
talked
to
one
of
his
teachers
about
these
differences，she
joked
that
the
coat
7.
(change)him.
As
is
8.
(know)to
John
and
me，clothes
do
not
define
a
person，9.
there
is
something
to
be
10.
(value)for
looking
good.
1．解析：stood。考查动词的时态。整篇文章叙述过去的一件事情，故用一般过去时。
2．解析：it。考查代词。在这里it代指前面的coat。
3．解析：with。with短语作状语。
4．解析：kids。考查名词单复数。从后文中的They可判断此处应该用复数形式。
5．解析：who。考查定语从句。先行词为John，在从句中作主语；另外，此处是非限制性定语从句，故用who。
6．解析：When。考查连词，引导时间状语从句。
7．解析：must
have
changed。考查情态动词。此处是对过去的肯定推测，故用must
have
done。
8．解析：known。考查非谓语动词。as
is
known
to
sb.为固定句型，意为“据某人所知”。
9．解析：but。考查连词。前后表转折。
10．解析：valuable。考查词性转换。应用形容词作表语。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Nowadays，people
in
many
big
cities
are
complaining
the
heavy
traffic.It
has
serious
influenced
people's
daily
life
and
economic
development.To
solve
the
problem，some
pieces
of
advice
is
put
forward.Some
people
suggest
that
more
streets
and
roads
are
built.By
this
way，the
traffic
density
can
be
reduced，thus
speeding
up
the
flow
of
buses
and
cars.
Some
people
advised
limiting
the
number
of
bikes
and
cars.This
can
decrease
the
traffic
flow.But
on
the
other
hand，this
will
effect
the
consumption
and
make
buses
more
crowded.In
my
opinions，the
number
of
private
cars
should
be
put
under
the
control.And
at
the
same
time，buses
should
have
their
own
special
routes
where
cannot
be
used
by
other
vehicles.
答案：
Nowadays，people
in
many
big
cities
are
complaining∧
the
about
heavy
traffic.It
has
influenced
people's
daily
life
and
economic
development.To
solve
the
problem，some
pieces
of
advice
put
forward.Some
people
suggest
that
more
streets
and
roads
built.
this
way，the
traffic
density
can
be
reduced，thus
speeding
up
the
flow
of
buses
and
cars.Some
people
limiting
the
number
of
bikes
and
cars.This
can
decrease
the
traffic
flow.But
on
the
other
hand，this
will
the
consumption
and
make
buses
more
crowded.In
my
，the
number
of
private
cars
should
be
put
under
control.And
at
the
same
time，buses
should
have
their
own
special
routes
cannot
be
used
by
other
vehicles.
Ⅴ.写作提升
根据上下文和括号中的提示，用正确的虚拟语气完成语段。
I’m
very
grateful
for
your
help
during
my
study
in
America.Without
your
help，1.
(我的英语不会提高的那么快)．If
you
were
to
visit
China
this
summer，2.
(我将到机场接您)．By
the
way，do
you
know
how
everything
is
going
with
Mr.Smith？I
failed
to
get
in
touch
with
him
after
I
left
America.I
would
be
very
thankful
3.
(要是你能给我提供他的电子邮箱和电话号码)．How
I
wish
4.
(我能尽快与他取得联系)!
答案：1.my
English
couldn’t
have
improved
so
quickly
2．I
would
pick
you
up
at
the
airport
3．if
you
could
offer
me
his
email
address
or
telephone
number
4．I
could
contact
with
him
as
soon
as
possible
情态动词和虚拟语气
[注意]　虚拟条件句与主句的谓语动词——与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去时(be用were)；与将来可能事实相反时还可用were
to/should＋动词原形，主句用would/should/could/might＋动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might
have＋过去分词。