2017届英语牛津版高考一轮复习课件： 模块5 unit2 the environment
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| 名称 | 2017届英语牛津版高考一轮复习课件： 模块5 unit2 the environment |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2016-12-20 16:24:14 | ||
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课件56张PPT。Ⅰ.重点单词
1. ????[??p?re?t]vt.& vi.经营;动手术
????n.手术;经营
2. ????[??rest]vt.& n.逮捕
3. ????[?m?pres]vt.使印象深刻
????n.印象;影响 ????adj.给人深刻印象的
4. ????[d??kri?s]vt.& vi.减少[?di?kri?s]n.减少
5. ????[k?n?sju?m]vt.消耗,耗费;消费
????n.消费者,用户,顾客1.operate operation 2.arrest 3.impress impression impressive
4.decrease 5.consume consumer 6. ????[?b?s??b]vt.吸收;理解;使全神贯注
????adj.专心致志的,全神贯注的
7. ????[??pri???e?t]vt.欣赏,赞赏;感谢;领会
????n.欣赏;感激
8. ????[k?n?s?lt?nt]n.顾问
????vt.& vi.咨询;商量;查阅
9. ????[d??be?t]n.& vi.辩论;争论,讨论
????n.参加讨论者;辩论者
10. ????[pr??d?k?n]n.产量;生产
????vt.生产
????n.产品6.absorb absorbed 7.appreciate appreciation 8.consultant consult
9.debate debater 10.production produce product 11. ????[r??sp?ns??b?l?t?]n.责任,职责
????adj.有责任的
12. ????[b??li?f]n.看法;信念
????vt.相信
13. ????[?kw?nt?t?]n.数量
14. ????[??ra?vl]n.到来,抵达;到达者
????vi.到达
15. ????[?me??(r)]n.措施,方法;尺度vt.测量;估量,判定
16. ????[re?nd?]n.范围;一系列;山脉vi.(在一定范围内)变化;包括; 排列,排序11.responsibility responsible 12.belief believe 13.quantity
14.arrival arrive 15.measure 16.range 17. ????[?k?ns??ve??n]n.(对自然环境的)保护
????vt.保护
18. ????[???ri?d?]adj.贪婪的,贪心的
????n.贪婪
19. ????[?n?va?r?n?mentl]adj.环境的
????n.环境
20. ????[?w?l???]adj.愿意的,乐意的
????n.意愿,意志17.conservation conserve 18.greedy greed 19.environmental
environment 20.willing will 21. ????[??li???l]adj.违法的,非法的
????adv.非法地
22. ????[p??t?kj?l?(r)]adj.专指的,特指的;特别的;讲究的,挑剔 的
????adv.特别,尤其
23. ????[??lektr?kl]adj.电的,用电的
????adj.带电的
????n.电21.illegal illegally 22.particular particularly
23.electrical electric electricity Ⅱ.重点短语
1. ????打扫(或清除)干净
2. ????自由发言
3. ????排放
4. ????削减,缩减,减少
5. ????对……感到担心
6. ????属于
7. ????只要
8. ????采取措施做某事
9. ????找出,挑选
10. ????导致(某结果)1.clean up 2.open the floor 3.let off 4.cut back on 5.be concerned about???? 6.belong to 7.as long as 8.take steps to do sth 9.pick out 10.result in 11. ????处理,对付
12. ????用完,耗尽
13. ????在进行中
14. ????大量的
15. ????排队等候
16. ????关于,至于
17. ????尤其,特别
18. ????尽自己的职责
19. ????集中,关注11.deal with 12.run out(of) 13.under way 14.large amounts of/a large
amount of 15.queue up 16.in/with regard to 17.in particular
18.do one's part 19.focus on Ⅲ.重点句型
1.与1800年的人口相比,世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。
The world's population has grown ????it was in 1800.
2.我们公园的现状非常让人震惊,到处都是垃圾。
The state of our parks is very shocking, ????.
3.我喜欢你讲那个笑话。
I ????you told that joke.1.by six times what 2.with rubbish everywhere 3.liked it when 4.毫无疑问,最近几年世界气候一直在发生着变化。
????the world climate has been changing in re- cent years.
5.不用电灯以及其他电器时,应该关掉。
Turn off the lights and anything else electrical ????.4.There is no doubt that 5.when not in use Ⅳ.单元语法
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. ????(judge)from his appearance, he seems to be an African.
2.There are two roads before us, one ????(lead)to the hill, the other to the park.
3.Not ????(receive)a reply, he decided to write a letter to the teacher again.
4.What we want to do is ????(serve)the people.
5.I watched the athlete ????(jump)from the diving board into the swimming pool.1.Judging 2.leading 3.having received 4.serving 5.jumping 1 debateToday's debate question is,‘The economy or the environment—must we choose?’今天辩论的话题是“经济还是环境——我们必须做出选择吗?”(教 材原句P22)
?考点释义
n.& vi.辩论;争论,讨论However, this issue frequently causes heated debate.然而,这个问题常常引起激 烈的争论。(2014 安徽 任务型读写)
She debated with herself about the matter for a while,and then picked up the phone.
关于这事她琢磨了一会儿,然后拿起了电话。
We're debating whether or not to go skiing this winter.
我们盘算着今年冬天是否去滑雪。发散思维
辨析:debate,quarrel,argue,discuss
(1)quarrel是指因为对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”, 常用结构为:quarrel with sb ;quarrel about sth。 (2)argue指一方着重就自己的看法或观点提出论证,并就此同对方“争论”或 “辩论”,企图说服对方,常用结构为:argue with sb about/over sth。
(3)debate 多指在公开、正式场合各自陈述理由,暗含“交锋”的意思。
(4)discuss指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论、磋商。
?活学活用????填入适当的介词
(1)As yet there has been little public debate ????these issues.
(2)The whole question of compensation is still ????debate.完成句子
(3)They had a fierce ????(争论)as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.
?答案????(1)on/about 句意:到目前为止,对于这些问题几乎还没有进行过公开
讨论。
(2)under 句意:整个赔偿问题还在讨论之中。
(3)debate???? 2 operateThe people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. 这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。(教材原句P23)
?考点释义
operate v.经营,动手术;操纵;运转;见效
operate on sb for...因为……给某人动手术
She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.她还 经营着一家网站,分享她的建议和菜谱,目的是告诉大家,人人都有能力控制盘 中的食物。(2015 湖北 阅读理解B)? 发散思维
?
She couldn't afford the operation because her family was poor.她因家庭贫穷而 动不起手术。(2014 陕西 阅读理解B)
?活学活用????写出下列句子中operate的含义
(1)They operate three factories and a huge warehouse. (2)In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about mov- ing his left or right hand.
(3)The surgeons operated on her for a tumor.
(4)The machine operates quite efficiently.
(5)The medicine will operate in ten minutes.
?答案????(1)经营????(2)操纵????(3)动手术????(4)运转????(5)见效,起作用 3 quantityMs Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in
order to save the environment.林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生 产的东西的数量。(教材原句P23)
?考点释义
n.数量There are only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden.
花园里只剩下少量的花了。It's cheaper to buy goods in large quantities.
大批量购货较便宜。—Why does the lake smell so terrible?
—Because large quantities of water have been polluted.
——为什么湖水会这么难闻?
——因为大量的水被污染了。发散思维
“许多”的表达有:? 活学活用????单句填空
(1)With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ????(wash) away each year.
完成句子
(2)大量的冰被运往非洲。 ???? were shipped to Africa.
(3)此药大量服用是会引起中毒的。
This medicine is poisonous if taken ????.
?答案????(1)are being washed “quantities of”不论修饰可数名词复数还是不
可数名词作主语时,谓语动词均用复数形式,且earth与wash away 之间是被动 关系。
(2)Quantities of ice (3)in large quantities 4 impressWhen I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more, I was very impressed.当我听说你对环境和经济需要更多 合作的看法时,给我留下了深刻的印象。(教材原句P31)
?考点释义
impress vt.使印象深刻When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.当Grylls听说Nicholas的惊人事迹后,他深深为Nicholas的成功所折服,因为他比任何人都更加懂得Nicholas为了生存所付出的艰辛。(2015 北京 阅读理解A)?发散思维 活学活用????单句填空
(1)I don't like people who try to ????(impression)you with how much money they've got.
完成句子
(2)他让我们认识到需要立刻采取行动。
He ???? the need for immediate action.
(3)每个人都穿着他们最好的衣服,渴望给我们留下好的印象。
Everyone was dressed in their best clothes, eager to ???. (4)我不是被他说的话而是被他做的事深深打动了。
I was deeply ???? not what he said but what he did. (5)她的精彩表演给他留下了深刻的印象。
She ???? her wonderful performance.
?答案????(1)impress 句意:我不喜欢那些试图给你留下他们多么有钱的印象
的人。impress“给……留下印象”。
(2)impressed on us
(3)make a good impression on us
(4)impressed by
(5)impressed him with 5 decreaseThis is one of the cheapest and best ways of decreasing desertification.这是减少 沙漠化最便宜也是最好的方法之一。(教材原句P33)
?考点释义
(1)vt.& vi.减少
?To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more govern- ments are requiring people to recycle materials.为了减少垃圾数量和保护环境, 更多的政府要求人们回收利用材料。(2015 安徽 完形填空)
(2)n.减少
decrease in/of ……方面的减少?活学活用????单句填空
(1)His temperature ????(decrease)in the morning,which comforted his mother a lot.
完成句子
(2)据报道,那家公司的出口量已经减少了3%。
It has been reported that the exports of that company have decreased ???? 3%.?答案????(1)decreased 句意:清晨他退烧了,这让他的母亲宽心了很多。
(2)by 6 measureThe centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop de- sertification.该中心拥有300多位科学家,他们致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的措施。 (教材原句P33)
?考点释义
(1)n.措施,方法;尺度
?We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area.
我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。...no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future, there's almost al- ways some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.……不管现在生活 多么艰难,未来多么难以预测,此时此刻几乎总是可以获得某种程度的快乐。 (2015 浙江 阅读理解D)
They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.他们 号召人们和政府采取措施对抗它(光污染)。(2013 天津 阅读理解B)
(2)vt.测量;估量,判定 linking verb量度为We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long! 我们测量了这座桥,它(量起来)有20米长! This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. 这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口,以便 能拍摄照片和测试温度。
?活学活用????单句填空
(1)The new bridge under construction, ????(measure)twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.完成句子
(2)必须采取一些措施保护环境免受污染。
Some ???? protect the environment from being polluted.
?答案????(1)measuring 句意:在建设中的新桥是旧桥的两倍长,预计在下个月
完工。bridge与measure是主动关系,故用现在分词。
(2)measures must be taken to7 rangeNor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river. 对生活在江中或沿岸的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。 (教材原句P38)
?考点释义
(1)n.范围;一系列;山脉;射程In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.除了这些传统活动外,我们还有更 多的选择,比如旅行和拜访亲戚朋友。(2)vi.(在一定范围内)变化;包括;排列,排序
?
Satellite lifetimes in orbit range from a matter of days to hundreds of years. 卫星 在轨道上的寿命从几天到几百年不等。
?活学活用????完成句子
(1)—What is the cost of the MP4 here?
—Well, the prices ????(变化)from $100 to$500.写出下列句中range的含义
(2)He spent a whole morning ranging his books on the shelf.
(3)This weapon can kill at a range of 200 yards.
(4)Several cars are available within this price range.
(5)The factory makes a whole range of tools.
(6)The children's ages range between 8 and 15.
?答案????(1)range????(2)排列????(3)射程????(4)范围????(5)种类????(6)变动8 appreciateThe efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.中国政府和人民为保护这条深受人们热 爱的河流所做出的努力会在未来几年得到赞赏。(教材原句P38)
?考点释义
vt.欣赏,赞赏;感谢;领会—Can I help you with it?
—I appreciate your offer, but I can manage it myself.
——我可以帮你吗?
——我感激你的提议,但我自己能设法做成。
...though a middle-class person may ‘want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.……尽管中产阶级的人可能 “想要像普通人一样生活”,但是他们绝不会欣赏工人阶级的现实生活状 况。(2015 广东 阅读理解D)
I would appreciate it if you gave me his address.
如果你把他的地址给我的话,我将感激不尽。?温馨提示
appreciate表示“感激”时,后面不跟sb作宾语。
?发散思维
appreciation n.欣赏,感激,理解
?活学活用????单句填空
(1)I really appreciate ????(have)time to relax with you on this nice island.
句型转换
(2)If we heard from you again,we would appreciate it.
=We would appreciate ????you again.=We would appreciate ????we heard from you again.
?答案????(1)having 句意:我真的喜欢有时间和你一起在这个宜人的岛上放松
一下。 appreciate后跟v.-ing形式作宾语,不跟不定式。
(2)hearing from;it if9 absorbLast but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.最后但同样重要的是,你可以植树,因为树木可以吸收 空气中的二氧化碳,释放氧气。(教材原句P39)
?考点释义
vt.吸收;理解;使全神贯注While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images. 看电视时,孩子们不只是理解言语和影像。(2015 广东 阅读理解C)?发散思维
?
When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eat- ing or sleeping.他经常全神贯注地工作,每当这个时候他就会完全忘记吃饭或 睡觉。
He is absorbed in the study of space medicine.他热衷于太空医学的研究。?活学活用????单句填空
(1)She was found sitting in her wheelchair, completely ????(absorb)in a fashion magazine her son had just bought.
完成句子
(2)威尔非常专心地读书,以至于忘记吃晚餐。
Will was ???? reading that he forgot eating his dinner.
(3)我很欣赏他对工作的极度专注。
I really appreciate his complete ????his work.
?答案????(1)absorbed 句意:她被发现坐在轮椅上,完全专注于儿子刚买的一本
时尚杂志。be absorbed in表示“专注于,全神贯注于”,故用absorbed在句中作 状语。
(2)so absorbed in????(3)absorption in10 cut back onIt is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.努力削减生产,减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的职责。(教 材原句P22)
?考点释义
cut back on减少,削减,缩减
Advanced countries must do more to cut back on carbon emissions.发达国家必须 为减少碳排放量作出更大的努力。
If you want to lose weight,you have to cut back on fatty foods.
如果你想减肥,就得少吃高脂食物。?发散思维????
?You had better cut out the last two paragraphs of your article, which will make it better.你最好把你这篇文章中的最后两段删去,那会使它更好。?活学活用 单句填空
(1)Never cut yourself ????from the masses.
(2)He always cuts ????when others are talking.
(3)We may as well cut ????the playground.
(4)When the city was cut ????,everyone knew that total defeat was certain.
?答案????(1)off 句意:永远不要脱离群众。
(2)in 句意:别人讲话时他老是插嘴。
(3)across 句意:我们不妨从操场上抄近路过去。
(4)off 句意:当城市与外界的联系被切断时,人人都知道必然要彻底失败了。11 run out(of)What if they run out?倘若它们被用完了,该怎么办呢?(教材原句P25)
?考点释义
?
Time is running out for the trapped miners.
被困矿工的时间不多了。
We ran out of fuel.我们把燃料用光了。
?I must go to the bank because my money is running out.
我得去趟银行,因为我的钱快用光了。
After a month their food supplies gave out.
一个月后,他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。辨析run out, run out of, give out与use up发散思维?活学活用????完成句子
(1)突然,他发现他已经将盐用完了。
Suddenly, he found that he had ????salt.
句型转换
(2)My ink has run out.
=I ????my ink.
=I ????my ink.
=My ink ????.
?答案????(1)run out of
(2)have used up;have run out of;has been run out of12 pick outThere are also things that can be done at a national or international level,such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.还有很多东西能按国家级或国际级来处理,比 如国家之间信息共享或利用卫星找出可能被沙漠化影响的地区。
(教材原句P33)
?考点释义
(1)找出,挑选
Can you pick out the places where she may go?
你能找出她可能去的地方吗?(2)认出来,辨别出
See if you can pick me out in this photo.
看你能不能把我从这张照片上认出来。
(3)使醒目
His name was picked out in gold lettering.
用了金色字母,他的名字显得很醒目。发散思维?活学活用????用pick out,pick up,pick on和pick over的适当形式填空
(1)Why do you always ????me to do the unpleasant jobs?
(2)Have you ????the movie you want to see?
(3)Can you ????your brother ????from the group of people?
(4)She was sitting at the kitchen table ????a pile of mushrooms.
(5)I ????the telephone and asked for the number of the school office.
?答案????(1)pick on 句意:你为什么总是挑上我做这样不愉快的工作呢?(2)picked out 句意:你挑出你想要看的电影了吗?
(3)pick;out 句意:你能从人群中认出你的弟弟吗?
(4)picking over 句意:她坐在餐桌边,仔细挑拣着一堆蘑菇。
(5)picked up 句意:我拿起电话询问了学校办公室的号码。13 under wayTwo special government projects are also under way.政府的两个特别项目也在 实施中。(教材原句P38)
?考点释义
under way在进行中
Plans are well under way for a new shopping centre. 建造一座新购物中心的计 划已经顺利地在实施了。
?发散思维?活学活用????完成句子
(1)In other words, the process of economic growth is ????(在进行中).
(2)Their city has been ????(在建造中)since last year.
(3)The road is ????(在修理中), so we shall have to go round.
?答案????(1)under way????(2)under construction????(3)under repair
? 1 倍数+what it was...The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.与1800年的 人口相比,世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。(教材原句P22)
?考点释义
此句中six times what it was in 1800表示“是1800年时的六倍”。
The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年 前的三倍。 发散思维
表示倍数的句型还有:?活学活用????完成句子
(1)与去年相比,员工的平均收入提高了20%。
The average income of the staff has increased by 20% compared with ????of last year.
(2)我的房间是她的房间的两倍大。
My room is twice as ????as hers.(3)新拓宽的广场是以前广场的四倍大。
The newly broadened square is four times ????of the previous one.
?答案????(1)that????(2)large????(3)the size2 it作形式宾语I liked it when you told that joke.我喜欢你讲那个笑话。(教材原句P31)
?考点释义
句中like是及物动词,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语为when引导的从句。
I don't like it when the weather gets too hot. 当天气变得太热的时候我就不喜 欢了。
?发散思维
(1)英语中有些动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句,而要先用形式宾语it,然后再 加宾语从句,这样的动词有:appreciate、enjoy、dislike、love、hate、prefer 等。
I dislike it when people talk loudly in public. 我不喜欢人们在公共场合大声喧 哗。 (2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语,然后加真正的宾语从句,常见的有: depend on、rely on、see to、look to、stick to、answer for等。
You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他们会支持你 的。
I can't answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。
?活学活用????单句填空
(1)—Can I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself?
—Sure. I like ???? when people are open and direct.
完成句子
(2)I ???? you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
(3)I'd ???? I didn't have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那 么多工作,那就太好了。
(4)Can you ???? the fax goes this afternoon?你保证今天 下午就把传真发出去,行吗?
(5) ???? this doesn't happen again. 注意不要再发生这 种事。
?答案????(1)it it作形式宾语。(2)dislike it when
(3)prefer it if
(4)see to it that
(5)Look to it that3 there is no doubt that...There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.毫无疑 问,最近几年世界气候一直在发生着变化。(教材原句P39)
?考点释义
there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
发散思维
在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后面接that引导的从句。在肯定句中,doubt后面一 般接whether或if引导的从句。
I don't doubt that he can finish the task on time.
我相信他能按时完成任务。Do you doubt that she will succeed?你怀疑她会成功吗?
There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.他们的足球 队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。
He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try.他不 能肯定他们是否会再给他一次尝试的机会。
?温馨提示
在肯定句中,doubt后面也可以接that引导的宾语从句,但表示疑虑较大或不相 信。
We doubt that they can complete the work ahead of time.我们不相信他们能提前 完成这项工作。?活学活用????完成句子
(1)Edwina no longer had ???? what had happened to the missing money.
对于失款事故的真相,埃德温娜已不再有什么怀疑。
(2) ???? she will keep her word.
毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的。
?答案????(1)doubts about????(2)There is no doubt that
1. ????[??p?re?t]vt.& vi.经营;动手术
????n.手术;经营
2. ????[??rest]vt.& n.逮捕
3. ????[?m?pres]vt.使印象深刻
????n.印象;影响 ????adj.给人深刻印象的
4. ????[d??kri?s]vt.& vi.减少[?di?kri?s]n.减少
5. ????[k?n?sju?m]vt.消耗,耗费;消费
????n.消费者,用户,顾客1.operate operation 2.arrest 3.impress impression impressive
4.decrease 5.consume consumer 6. ????[?b?s??b]vt.吸收;理解;使全神贯注
????adj.专心致志的,全神贯注的
7. ????[??pri???e?t]vt.欣赏,赞赏;感谢;领会
????n.欣赏;感激
8. ????[k?n?s?lt?nt]n.顾问
????vt.& vi.咨询;商量;查阅
9. ????[d??be?t]n.& vi.辩论;争论,讨论
????n.参加讨论者;辩论者
10. ????[pr??d?k?n]n.产量;生产
????vt.生产
????n.产品6.absorb absorbed 7.appreciate appreciation 8.consultant consult
9.debate debater 10.production produce product 11. ????[r??sp?ns??b?l?t?]n.责任,职责
????adj.有责任的
12. ????[b??li?f]n.看法;信念
????vt.相信
13. ????[?kw?nt?t?]n.数量
14. ????[??ra?vl]n.到来,抵达;到达者
????vi.到达
15. ????[?me??(r)]n.措施,方法;尺度vt.测量;估量,判定
16. ????[re?nd?]n.范围;一系列;山脉vi.(在一定范围内)变化;包括; 排列,排序11.responsibility responsible 12.belief believe 13.quantity
14.arrival arrive 15.measure 16.range 17. ????[?k?ns??ve??n]n.(对自然环境的)保护
????vt.保护
18. ????[???ri?d?]adj.贪婪的,贪心的
????n.贪婪
19. ????[?n?va?r?n?mentl]adj.环境的
????n.环境
20. ????[?w?l???]adj.愿意的,乐意的
????n.意愿,意志17.conservation conserve 18.greedy greed 19.environmental
environment 20.willing will 21. ????[??li???l]adj.违法的,非法的
????adv.非法地
22. ????[p??t?kj?l?(r)]adj.专指的,特指的;特别的;讲究的,挑剔 的
????adv.特别,尤其
23. ????[??lektr?kl]adj.电的,用电的
????adj.带电的
????n.电21.illegal illegally 22.particular particularly
23.electrical electric electricity Ⅱ.重点短语
1. ????打扫(或清除)干净
2. ????自由发言
3. ????排放
4. ????削减,缩减,减少
5. ????对……感到担心
6. ????属于
7. ????只要
8. ????采取措施做某事
9. ????找出,挑选
10. ????导致(某结果)1.clean up 2.open the floor 3.let off 4.cut back on 5.be concerned about???? 6.belong to 7.as long as 8.take steps to do sth 9.pick out 10.result in 11. ????处理,对付
12. ????用完,耗尽
13. ????在进行中
14. ????大量的
15. ????排队等候
16. ????关于,至于
17. ????尤其,特别
18. ????尽自己的职责
19. ????集中,关注11.deal with 12.run out(of) 13.under way 14.large amounts of/a large
amount of 15.queue up 16.in/with regard to 17.in particular
18.do one's part 19.focus on Ⅲ.重点句型
1.与1800年的人口相比,世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。
The world's population has grown ????it was in 1800.
2.我们公园的现状非常让人震惊,到处都是垃圾。
The state of our parks is very shocking, ????.
3.我喜欢你讲那个笑话。
I ????you told that joke.1.by six times what 2.with rubbish everywhere 3.liked it when 4.毫无疑问,最近几年世界气候一直在发生着变化。
????the world climate has been changing in re- cent years.
5.不用电灯以及其他电器时,应该关掉。
Turn off the lights and anything else electrical ????.4.There is no doubt that 5.when not in use Ⅳ.单元语法
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. ????(judge)from his appearance, he seems to be an African.
2.There are two roads before us, one ????(lead)to the hill, the other to the park.
3.Not ????(receive)a reply, he decided to write a letter to the teacher again.
4.What we want to do is ????(serve)the people.
5.I watched the athlete ????(jump)from the diving board into the swimming pool.1.Judging 2.leading 3.having received 4.serving 5.jumping 1 debateToday's debate question is,‘The economy or the environment—must we choose?’今天辩论的话题是“经济还是环境——我们必须做出选择吗?”(教 材原句P22)
?考点释义
n.& vi.辩论;争论,讨论However, this issue frequently causes heated debate.然而,这个问题常常引起激 烈的争论。(2014 安徽 任务型读写)
She debated with herself about the matter for a while,and then picked up the phone.
关于这事她琢磨了一会儿,然后拿起了电话。
We're debating whether or not to go skiing this winter.
我们盘算着今年冬天是否去滑雪。发散思维
辨析:debate,quarrel,argue,discuss
(1)quarrel是指因为对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”, 常用结构为:quarrel with sb ;quarrel about sth。 (2)argue指一方着重就自己的看法或观点提出论证,并就此同对方“争论”或 “辩论”,企图说服对方,常用结构为:argue with sb about/over sth。
(3)debate 多指在公开、正式场合各自陈述理由,暗含“交锋”的意思。
(4)discuss指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论、磋商。
?活学活用????填入适当的介词
(1)As yet there has been little public debate ????these issues.
(2)The whole question of compensation is still ????debate.完成句子
(3)They had a fierce ????(争论)as to whether their company should restore the trade relationship which was broken years ago.
?答案????(1)on/about 句意:到目前为止,对于这些问题几乎还没有进行过公开
讨论。
(2)under 句意:整个赔偿问题还在讨论之中。
(3)debate???? 2 operateThe people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment. 这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。(教材原句P23)
?考点释义
operate v.经营,动手术;操纵;运转;见效
operate on sb for...因为……给某人动手术
She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what's on their plate.她还 经营着一家网站,分享她的建议和菜谱,目的是告诉大家,人人都有能力控制盘 中的食物。(2015 湖北 阅读理解B)? 发散思维
?
She couldn't afford the operation because her family was poor.她因家庭贫穷而 动不起手术。(2014 陕西 阅读理解B)
?活学活用????写出下列句子中operate的含义
(1)They operate three factories and a huge warehouse. (2)In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about mov- ing his left or right hand.
(3)The surgeons operated on her for a tumor.
(4)The machine operates quite efficiently.
(5)The medicine will operate in ten minutes.
?答案????(1)经营????(2)操纵????(3)动手术????(4)运转????(5)见效,起作用 3 quantityMs Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in
order to save the environment.林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生 产的东西的数量。(教材原句P23)
?考点释义
n.数量There are only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden.
花园里只剩下少量的花了。It's cheaper to buy goods in large quantities.
大批量购货较便宜。—Why does the lake smell so terrible?
—Because large quantities of water have been polluted.
——为什么湖水会这么难闻?
——因为大量的水被污染了。发散思维
“许多”的表达有:? 活学活用????单句填空
(1)With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ????(wash) away each year.
完成句子
(2)大量的冰被运往非洲。 ???? were shipped to Africa.
(3)此药大量服用是会引起中毒的。
This medicine is poisonous if taken ????.
?答案????(1)are being washed “quantities of”不论修饰可数名词复数还是不
可数名词作主语时,谓语动词均用复数形式,且earth与wash away 之间是被动 关系。
(2)Quantities of ice (3)in large quantities 4 impressWhen I heard what you said about the environment and the economy needing to work together more, I was very impressed.当我听说你对环境和经济需要更多 合作的看法时,给我留下了深刻的印象。(教材原句P31)
?考点释义
impress vt.使印象深刻When Grylls heard about Nicholas' amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.当Grylls听说Nicholas的惊人事迹后,他深深为Nicholas的成功所折服,因为他比任何人都更加懂得Nicholas为了生存所付出的艰辛。(2015 北京 阅读理解A)?发散思维 活学活用????单句填空
(1)I don't like people who try to ????(impression)you with how much money they've got.
完成句子
(2)他让我们认识到需要立刻采取行动。
He ???? the need for immediate action.
(3)每个人都穿着他们最好的衣服,渴望给我们留下好的印象。
Everyone was dressed in their best clothes, eager to ???. (4)我不是被他说的话而是被他做的事深深打动了。
I was deeply ???? not what he said but what he did. (5)她的精彩表演给他留下了深刻的印象。
She ???? her wonderful performance.
?答案????(1)impress 句意:我不喜欢那些试图给你留下他们多么有钱的印象
的人。impress“给……留下印象”。
(2)impressed on us
(3)make a good impression on us
(4)impressed by
(5)impressed him with 5 decreaseThis is one of the cheapest and best ways of decreasing desertification.这是减少 沙漠化最便宜也是最好的方法之一。(教材原句P33)
?考点释义
(1)vt.& vi.减少
?To decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more govern- ments are requiring people to recycle materials.为了减少垃圾数量和保护环境, 更多的政府要求人们回收利用材料。(2015 安徽 完形填空)
(2)n.减少
decrease in/of ……方面的减少?活学活用????单句填空
(1)His temperature ????(decrease)in the morning,which comforted his mother a lot.
完成句子
(2)据报道,那家公司的出口量已经减少了3%。
It has been reported that the exports of that company have decreased ???? 3%.?答案????(1)decreased 句意:清晨他退烧了,这让他的母亲宽心了很多。
(2)by 6 measureThe centre has over 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop de- sertification.该中心拥有300多位科学家,他们致力于寻找阻止沙漠化的措施。 (教材原句P33)
?考点释义
(1)n.措施,方法;尺度
?We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area.
我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。...no matter how harsh the present or unpredictable the future, there's almost al- ways some measure of joy to be extracted from the moment.……不管现在生活 多么艰难,未来多么难以预测,此时此刻几乎总是可以获得某种程度的快乐。 (2015 浙江 阅读理解D)
They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.他们 号召人们和政府采取措施对抗它(光污染)。(2013 天津 阅读理解B)
(2)vt.测量;估量,判定 linking verb量度为We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long! 我们测量了这座桥,它(量起来)有20米长! This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. 这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口,以便 能拍摄照片和测试温度。
?活学活用????单句填空
(1)The new bridge under construction, ????(measure)twice as long as the old one, is due to be completed next month.完成句子
(2)必须采取一些措施保护环境免受污染。
Some ???? protect the environment from being polluted.
?答案????(1)measuring 句意:在建设中的新桥是旧桥的两倍长,预计在下个月
完工。bridge与measure是主动关系,故用现在分词。
(2)measures must be taken to7 rangeNor is it good news for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river. 对生活在江中或沿岸的大量鱼类和野生生物来说也是个不好的消息。 (教材原句P38)
?考点释义
(1)n.范围;一系列;山脉;射程In addition to these traditional activities, we have a wider range of choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.除了这些传统活动外,我们还有更 多的选择,比如旅行和拜访亲戚朋友。(2)vi.(在一定范围内)变化;包括;排列,排序
?
Satellite lifetimes in orbit range from a matter of days to hundreds of years. 卫星 在轨道上的寿命从几天到几百年不等。
?活学活用????完成句子
(1)—What is the cost of the MP4 here?
—Well, the prices ????(变化)from $100 to$500.写出下列句中range的含义
(2)He spent a whole morning ranging his books on the shelf.
(3)This weapon can kill at a range of 200 yards.
(4)Several cars are available within this price range.
(5)The factory makes a whole range of tools.
(6)The children's ages range between 8 and 15.
?答案????(1)range????(2)排列????(3)射程????(4)范围????(5)种类????(6)变动8 appreciateThe efforts of the Chinese government and people to protect this much-loved river will be appreciated for years to come.中国政府和人民为保护这条深受人们热 爱的河流所做出的努力会在未来几年得到赞赏。(教材原句P38)
?考点释义
vt.欣赏,赞赏;感谢;领会—Can I help you with it?
—I appreciate your offer, but I can manage it myself.
——我可以帮你吗?
——我感激你的提议,但我自己能设法做成。
...though a middle-class person may ‘want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.……尽管中产阶级的人可能 “想要像普通人一样生活”,但是他们绝不会欣赏工人阶级的现实生活状 况。(2015 广东 阅读理解D)
I would appreciate it if you gave me his address.
如果你把他的地址给我的话,我将感激不尽。?温馨提示
appreciate表示“感激”时,后面不跟sb作宾语。
?发散思维
appreciation n.欣赏,感激,理解
?活学活用????单句填空
(1)I really appreciate ????(have)time to relax with you on this nice island.
句型转换
(2)If we heard from you again,we would appreciate it.
=We would appreciate ????you again.=We would appreciate ????we heard from you again.
?答案????(1)having 句意:我真的喜欢有时间和你一起在这个宜人的岛上放松
一下。 appreciate后跟v.-ing形式作宾语,不跟不定式。
(2)hearing from;it if9 absorbLast but not least, you can plant a tree, because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.最后但同样重要的是,你可以植树,因为树木可以吸收 空气中的二氧化碳,释放氧气。(教材原句P39)
?考点释义
vt.吸收;理解;使全神贯注While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words and images. 看电视时,孩子们不只是理解言语和影像。(2015 广东 阅读理解C)?发散思维
?
When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eat- ing or sleeping.他经常全神贯注地工作,每当这个时候他就会完全忘记吃饭或 睡觉。
He is absorbed in the study of space medicine.他热衷于太空医学的研究。?活学活用????单句填空
(1)She was found sitting in her wheelchair, completely ????(absorb)in a fashion magazine her son had just bought.
完成句子
(2)威尔非常专心地读书,以至于忘记吃晚餐。
Will was ???? reading that he forgot eating his dinner.
(3)我很欣赏他对工作的极度专注。
I really appreciate his complete ????his work.
?答案????(1)absorbed 句意:她被发现坐在轮椅上,完全专注于儿子刚买的一本
时尚杂志。be absorbed in表示“专注于,全神贯注于”,故用absorbed在句中作 状语。
(2)so absorbed in????(3)absorption in10 cut back onIt is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the number of things we make and buy.努力削减生产,减少制造和购买物品的数量是我们的职责。(教 材原句P22)
?考点释义
cut back on减少,削减,缩减
Advanced countries must do more to cut back on carbon emissions.发达国家必须 为减少碳排放量作出更大的努力。
If you want to lose weight,you have to cut back on fatty foods.
如果你想减肥,就得少吃高脂食物。?发散思维????
?You had better cut out the last two paragraphs of your article, which will make it better.你最好把你这篇文章中的最后两段删去,那会使它更好。?活学活用 单句填空
(1)Never cut yourself ????from the masses.
(2)He always cuts ????when others are talking.
(3)We may as well cut ????the playground.
(4)When the city was cut ????,everyone knew that total defeat was certain.
?答案????(1)off 句意:永远不要脱离群众。
(2)in 句意:别人讲话时他老是插嘴。
(3)across 句意:我们不妨从操场上抄近路过去。
(4)off 句意:当城市与外界的联系被切断时,人人都知道必然要彻底失败了。11 run out(of)What if they run out?倘若它们被用完了,该怎么办呢?(教材原句P25)
?考点释义
?
Time is running out for the trapped miners.
被困矿工的时间不多了。
We ran out of fuel.我们把燃料用光了。
?I must go to the bank because my money is running out.
我得去趟银行,因为我的钱快用光了。
After a month their food supplies gave out.
一个月后,他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。辨析run out, run out of, give out与use up发散思维?活学活用????完成句子
(1)突然,他发现他已经将盐用完了。
Suddenly, he found that he had ????salt.
句型转换
(2)My ink has run out.
=I ????my ink.
=I ????my ink.
=My ink ????.
?答案????(1)run out of
(2)have used up;have run out of;has been run out of12 pick outThere are also things that can be done at a national or international level,such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.还有很多东西能按国家级或国际级来处理,比 如国家之间信息共享或利用卫星找出可能被沙漠化影响的地区。
(教材原句P33)
?考点释义
(1)找出,挑选
Can you pick out the places where she may go?
你能找出她可能去的地方吗?(2)认出来,辨别出
See if you can pick me out in this photo.
看你能不能把我从这张照片上认出来。
(3)使醒目
His name was picked out in gold lettering.
用了金色字母,他的名字显得很醒目。发散思维?活学活用????用pick out,pick up,pick on和pick over的适当形式填空
(1)Why do you always ????me to do the unpleasant jobs?
(2)Have you ????the movie you want to see?
(3)Can you ????your brother ????from the group of people?
(4)She was sitting at the kitchen table ????a pile of mushrooms.
(5)I ????the telephone and asked for the number of the school office.
?答案????(1)pick on 句意:你为什么总是挑上我做这样不愉快的工作呢?(2)picked out 句意:你挑出你想要看的电影了吗?
(3)pick;out 句意:你能从人群中认出你的弟弟吗?
(4)picking over 句意:她坐在餐桌边,仔细挑拣着一堆蘑菇。
(5)picked up 句意:我拿起电话询问了学校办公室的号码。13 under wayTwo special government projects are also under way.政府的两个特别项目也在 实施中。(教材原句P38)
?考点释义
under way在进行中
Plans are well under way for a new shopping centre. 建造一座新购物中心的计 划已经顺利地在实施了。
?发散思维?活学活用????完成句子
(1)In other words, the process of economic growth is ????(在进行中).
(2)Their city has been ????(在建造中)since last year.
(3)The road is ????(在修理中), so we shall have to go round.
?答案????(1)under way????(2)under construction????(3)under repair
? 1 倍数+what it was...The world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.与1800年的 人口相比,世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。(教材原句P22)
?考点释义
此句中six times what it was in 1800表示“是1800年时的六倍”。
The production is now three times what it was ten years ago.现在的产量是十年 前的三倍。 发散思维
表示倍数的句型还有:?活学活用????完成句子
(1)与去年相比,员工的平均收入提高了20%。
The average income of the staff has increased by 20% compared with ????of last year.
(2)我的房间是她的房间的两倍大。
My room is twice as ????as hers.(3)新拓宽的广场是以前广场的四倍大。
The newly broadened square is four times ????of the previous one.
?答案????(1)that????(2)large????(3)the size2 it作形式宾语I liked it when you told that joke.我喜欢你讲那个笑话。(教材原句P31)
?考点释义
句中like是及物动词,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语为when引导的从句。
I don't like it when the weather gets too hot. 当天气变得太热的时候我就不喜 欢了。
?发散思维
(1)英语中有些动词后面常常不直接加宾语从句,而要先用形式宾语it,然后再 加宾语从句,这样的动词有:appreciate、enjoy、dislike、love、hate、prefer 等。
I dislike it when people talk loudly in public. 我不喜欢人们在公共场合大声喧 哗。 (2)一些动词短语后面也常用it作形式宾语,然后加真正的宾语从句,常见的有: depend on、rely on、see to、look to、stick to、answer for等。
You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他们会支持你 的。
I can't answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。
?活学活用????单句填空
(1)—Can I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself?
—Sure. I like ???? when people are open and direct.
完成句子
(2)I ???? you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。
(3)I'd ???? I didn't have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那 么多工作,那就太好了。
(4)Can you ???? the fax goes this afternoon?你保证今天 下午就把传真发出去,行吗?
(5) ???? this doesn't happen again. 注意不要再发生这 种事。
?答案????(1)it it作形式宾语。(2)dislike it when
(3)prefer it if
(4)see to it that
(5)Look to it that3 there is no doubt that...There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.毫无疑 问,最近几年世界气候一直在发生着变化。(教材原句P39)
?考点释义
there is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no doubt at all that we did the right thing.
毫无疑问我们做得对。
发散思维
在否定句和疑问句中,doubt后面接that引导的从句。在肯定句中,doubt后面一 般接whether或if引导的从句。
I don't doubt that he can finish the task on time.
我相信他能按时完成任务。Do you doubt that she will succeed?你怀疑她会成功吗?
There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match.他们的足球 队会不会赢得这场比赛还不能肯定。
He had his doubts whether they would give him another chance to have a try.他不 能肯定他们是否会再给他一次尝试的机会。
?温馨提示
在肯定句中,doubt后面也可以接that引导的宾语从句,但表示疑虑较大或不相 信。
We doubt that they can complete the work ahead of time.我们不相信他们能提前 完成这项工作。?活学活用????完成句子
(1)Edwina no longer had ???? what had happened to the missing money.
对于失款事故的真相,埃德温娜已不再有什么怀疑。
(2) ???? she will keep her word.
毫无疑问她会遵守诺言的。
?答案????(1)doubts about????(2)There is no doubt that