2010高考二轮复习英语学案：专题十九 阅读理解
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2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题十九 阅读理解
【典例精析】 （2009。北京卷）C
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（经验的，实证的） basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim（暗淡的） light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）," architect David Allison says. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That's what we're all struggling with."
What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research
A. Light. B. Ceilings. C. Windows. D. Furniture.
【解析】B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知Joan Meyers-Levy focus on ceilings.
The passage tells us that ______.
A. the shape of furniture may affect people's feelings
B. lower ceilings may help improve students' creativity
C. children in a dim classroom may improve their grades
D. students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed
【解析】A细节判断题。根据文中内容可知B,C和D均是错误的。
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A. the problem is not approached step by step
B. the researches so far have faults in themselves
C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns 【解析】D句意猜测题。根据划线句子后面的一句话可以知道该题的正确答案为:D。 67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
【解析】D句意猜测题。根据划线句子后面的一句话可以知道该题的正确答案为:D。
67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
CP: Central Point P: Point SP: Sub-point（次要点） C: Conclusion
【解析】C考查文章结构。注意解题技巧。第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点123共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。综上分析可知答案为:C。
（2009.天津卷）A
Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.
Many roads and places in Singapore（新加坡） are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.
Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.
Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay（马来语）. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road” The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.
A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent（月牙） because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.
36. We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.
A. the government is usually the first to name a placeB. many places tend to have more than one nameC. a ceremony will be held when a place is named ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
B. many places tend to have more than one name
C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named
D. people prefer the place names given by the government
【解析】B推理理解题。 由 “Frequently it happens that a place has two names”可知。
37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Change suddenly.
B. Change significantly.
C. Disappear mysteriously.
D. Disappear very slowly.
【解析】D词义猜测题。 根据下文“the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost”可知。
38. Which of the following places is named after a person
A. Raffles Place.
B. Selector Airbase.
C. Piccadilly Circus.
D. Paya Lebar Crescent.
【解析】A细节理解。答案见第二自然段。
39. Bras Basah Road is named _______.
A. after a person
B. after a place
C. after an activity
D. by its shape
【解析】C细节理解题。 见第四自然段前两行。
40. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.
B. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.
C. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.
D. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.
【解析】A推理判断题。 由本文第一句话“Societies all over the world name places in similar ways.”可推知。
【专题突破】考生在做阅读理解题时要把握考查五大要点：1.主旨大意类；2.细节理解类；3.推理判断类；4.词义猜测类；5.观点态度类等五大类别，然后每种类别采用不同的做题技巧来突破。具体说： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
1．主旨大意类
技巧：1）抓住解题的关键----主题句和主题段。主题句经常出现在文章的开头或结尾之处，也有可能出现在文中，主题段通常在文章的开头用来交待文章的中心意思，然后在全段或全文中展开主题；2）准确了解文章结构，确切把握文章的脉络，然后利于阅读技巧，快速排除干扰信息，概括文章的大意和主题，确定正确选项。
2.细节理解类
1）细节理解题的解题原则是：要选择的答案一定要在原文中找到相关的词、词组、句子或段落。选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，而绝不可根据自己的主观假设及推测或是自己的观点来决定；）2）在阅读过程中对涉及到who(何人)，when(何时)，where(何地)，how(怎样)，why(为何)等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确地查找。3）根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选择要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。
3.推理判断类
1）做这类题时，应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断；2）要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会的常识，仔细推敲，合理判断。
4.词义猜测类
联系语境，利用上文提供的解释或说明猜测词义。一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的意思，只有在一定的语言环境中，才能确定出词汇或语句的意义。
5.观点态度类
回答这类问题应该从篇章的体裁着手。一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的（objective）或中立的（neutral）；而在议论文中作者的观点才会显得多种多样。常见的词以及态度的短语有：positive(肯定的)；negative（否定的）；neutral（中立的）；approval（赞同的）；disapproval（不赞同的）；indifferent（冷淡的）；sarcastic（讽刺的）；critical（批评的）；optimistic（乐观的）；pessimistic（悲观的）；authoritative（有权威的）；objective（客观的）；subjective（主观的）；doubtful（怀疑的）；compromising（妥协的）等等。判断作者的态度时也可以从文章中带有感彩的名词、动词、形容词或副词等，也可以根据作者举的例子来判断。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
判断作者的态度时也可以从文章中带有感彩的名词、动词、形容词或副词等，也可以根据作者举的例子来判断。
阅读理解: 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Imagine you’re at a party full of strangers. You’re nervous. Who are these people How do you start a conversation Fortunately, you’ve got a thing that sends out energy at tiny chips in everyone’s name tag (标签). The chips send back name, job, hobbies, and the time available for meeting-whatever. Making new friends becomes simple
This hasn’t quite happened in real life. But the world is already experiencing a revolution using RFID technology.
An RFID tag with a tiny chip can be fixed in a product, under your pet’s skin, even under your own skin. Passive RFID tags have no energy source-batteries because they do not need it. The energy comes from the reader, a scanning device, that sends out energy (for example, radio waves) that starts up the tag immediately.
Such a tag carries information specific to that object, and the data can be updated. Already, RFID technology is used for recognizing each car or truck on the road and it might appear in your passport. Doctors can put a tiny chip under the skin that will help locate and obtain a patient’s medical records. At a nightclub in Paris or in New York the same chip gets you into the VIP (very important person) section and pays for the bill with the wave of an arm.
Take a step back:10 or 12 years ago,you would have heard about the coming age of computing. One example always seemed to surface: Your refrigerator would know when you needed to buy more milk. The concept was that computer chips could be put everywhere and send information in a smart network that would make ordinary life simpler
RFID tags are a small part of this phenomenon. “The world is going to be a loosely coupled set of individual small devices, connected wirelessly,” predicts Dr.J.Reich. Human right supporters are nervous about the possibilities of such technology. It goes too far tracking school kids through RFID tags, they say. We imagine a world in which a beer company could find out not only when you bought a beer but also when you drank it. And how many beers. Accompanied by how many biscuits. When Marconi invented radio, he thought it would be used for ship-to-shore communication. Not for pop music. Who knows how RFID and related technologies will be used in the future. Here’s a wild guess: Not for buying milk.1. The article is intended to_______ . A. warn people of the possible risks in adopting RFID technology ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
1. The article is intended to_______ .
A. warn people of the possible risks in adopting RFID technology
B. explain the benefits brought about by RFID technology
C. convince people of the uses of RFID technology
D. predict the applications of RFID technology
2. We know from the passage that with the help of RFID tags, people_______.
A. will have no trouble getting data about others
B. will have more energy for conversation
C. will have more time to make friends
D. won’t feel shy at parties any longer
3. Passive RFID tags chiefly consist of ______.
A. scanning devices B. radio waves C. batteries D. chips
4. Why are some people worried about RFID technology
A. Because children will be tracked by strangers.
B. Because market competition will become more fierce.
C. Because their private lives will be greatly affected.
D. Because customers will be forced to buy more products.
5. The last paragraph implies that RFID technology .
A. will not be used for such matters as buying milk
B. will be widely used, including for buying milk
C. will be limited to communication uses
D. will probably be used for pop music
B
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes More often the doctors can’t fix the damage Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain. Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
6. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _____ .
A. the time is too short for doctors
B. the patients are often too nervous
C. the damage is extremely hard to fix
D. the blood-cooling machine might break down
7. The brain operation was made possible mainly by_____.
A. taking the blood out of the brain B. trying the operation on monkeys first
C. having the blood go through a machine D. lowering the brain’s temperature
8. With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain .
A. can last as long as 30 minutes B. can keep the brain’s blood warm
C. can keep the patient’s brain healthy D. can help monkeys do different jobs
9. What is the right order of the steps in the operations
A. send the cooled back to the brain B. stop the blood to the brain
C. have the blood cooled down D. operate on the brain
A. a, b, c, d B. c, a, b, d C. c, b, d, a D. b, c, d, a
10. Which of the following is not true
A. If there isn’t enough blood, the brain can live for only three to five minutes.
B. If the brain is very cold, it can live without blood for half an hour.
C. Dr. White tried his idea for thirteen times.
D. After their operations, the monkeys were healthy and busy again
C
The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.
Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.
The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business
To raise money for the idea, he toured the city’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around 500,000 to MyHabs and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.
Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.
For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhabs team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.
The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.
11. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.
A. economically desirable B. favorable to the environment
C. for holding music performances1 D. designed for disaster relief
12. Mr. Dunlop established his business .
A. independently with an interest-free loan from Mint
B. with the approval of the City’s administration
C. in partnership with a finance group D. with the help of a Japanese architect13. It is implied in the passage that _______. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
D. with the help of a Japanese architect
13. It is implied in the passage that _______.
A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summer
B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air
C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored
D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users.
14. The passage is mainly concerned with .
A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents
B. some efforts at making full use of cardboards
C. an unusual success of a graduation project
D. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals
15. Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A. Don’t Use Tents Again
B. The Advantages of Tents
C. How to Produce Tents
D. The Development of Recyclable Tents
答案及解析
A
本文主要讲述的是一项新技术RFID的应用及它的前景
1.【解析】 D 主旨大意题。通读全文得知。
2.【解析】 A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Fortunately，you’ve got a thing that sends out…and the time available for meeting-whatever”，可推知选A。
3.【解析】 D 细节理解题。根据第三段“An RFID tag with a tiny chip can be fixed… Passive RFID tags have no energy source--batteries because they do not need it”，可知选D。
4.【解析】 C 细节理解题。根据第六段“Human right supporters are nervous…It goes too far tracking… Accompanied by how many biscuits”可知选C。
5.【解析】B 推理推断题。根据最后一段提到的Marconi在发明收音机时只想应用在轮船与陆地沿岸的交流沟通，没想到应用在流行音乐上，因而谁知道RFID及相关技术在未来将怎样使用，可能会用在买牛奶的问题上。
B
本文主要讲述的是医生不断探索如何给受伤的脑部做手术的事。
6. 【解析】 A 细节理解题。根据第一段“It is difficult for doctors to help a person…. the brain lives for only three to five minutes”，可知选A。
7.【解析】D 细节理解题。从“If it is very cold，the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes”可知。
8.【解析】 A 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知选A。
9.【解析】 B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句至第九句可推知选B。
10.【解析】 C 细节理解题。从第三段内容可知C项说法是没有根据的
C
本文主要介绍开发和使用可再利用的帐篷。
11.【解析】 B 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可知，eco-friendly tents是用纸板做，在乐队和人群离开回家后，可以重复使用的，显然是对环境有利的。另外，根据eco-friendly的构成也可猜出其含义为“环境友好的”，上文environmentally-ware(有环境意识的)也有提示作用。
12 【解析】 C 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Mr. Dunlop与财团Mint为合作关系，Mint财团为其MyHabs项目提供50万英镑的资金支持，Mr. Dunlop提供技术并负责实施该项目，作为回报，Mint财团将获得Mr. Dunlop企业的30％的股份，故选C。A项获得Mint的无息贷款，显然错。Mr. Dunlop寻求的是the City’s private companies 的支持，而非城市管理部门的批准，B错。他的创意是受到日本建筑师的启发，而非得到其帮助，D错。
13.【解析】C 推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句“They can be personalized"暗示可以根据用户的要求裁剪式样。根据第二段最后一句可推知英国夏季多雨，但不能推出changeable(易变，多变)的，A错。根据倒数第三段可知，这种帐篷只能睡两个人，显然不是为搭建露天演出棚所用，只是为那些观看节目演出，而又难以承担或不愿支付居住高额旅馆的年轻(学生)野外露宿所用，演出应不是露天，至少不能推出B正确。根据倒数第二段首句，这种帐篷可在网上订购，但该公司将派安装队负责安装和拆除，可见安装和拆除不是很容易，D错。
14.【解析】A 主旨大意题。文章关注的是开发和使用可再利用的帐篷，A正确。这种帐篷将利用纸板，但这不是根本目的，B错。这种帐篷的确是Mr. Dunlop最后一年的课题，但文章聚集的不是大学生的课题，而且该项目尚不能说取得了成功，还有待实践去检验，C错。现在尚只是使用，效果如何尚是未知，D错15【解析】. D 主旨大意题。纵览全文得知，文章讲的是开发和使用可再利用的帐篷问题， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
15【解析】. D 主旨大意题。纵览全文得知，文章讲的是开发和使用可再利用的帐篷问题，所以D正确。
【专题综合】
A
Attention Tim Hortons
Stainless Stell Travel Mug Owners
Lid Recall-15 oz Stainless Steel Travel Mug
A fault at the cup has been recognized . The fault may result in some lids lifting slightly from the body of the mug , and could probably cause injury from hot liquid leaking . Therefore , we have given an immediate lid recall notice . This Recall notice is related only to Tim Hortons 15 oz Stainless Steel Travel Mugs sold between October 2005 and January 2006. The bottom of the mug is stamped with distributor’s name , “ThermosServ” There is no printing on the handle of the mug .
At Tim Hortons , we value our customers’ safety above anything else . So, whether your lid is leaking or not , in the interest of your safety , we are requesting that you bring your mug to your nearest Tim Hortons (excluding Esso Tim Hortons), where they will exchange the lid for a new lid that fits safety . The new lids will be available February 1,2006; please do not use your mug until you exchange the lid .
Here’s what you do :
*Please do not use your mug until you have exchanged the lid for a new one .
* New lids will be available February 1,2006.
* Return your travel mug to a Tim Hortons store (as of February 1,2006).
* Your lid will he exchanged for a new lid .
If you prefer to return the entire mug , bring it back at any time for a full repayment .
If you have any questions regarding this recall, please contact us at :
Toll Free Number : 1-888-601-1616
8:30 am –5:00 pm Eastern Standard Time
1．This advertisement is trying to .
A．introduce a new type of mugs B．persuade people to buy a new lid
C．inform people of exchanging a lid D．warn against the danger of using the mug
2．The advertisement is mainly aimed at those who .A．often travel around B．have 15 oz Stainless mugs C．want to buy 15 oz stainless mugs D．are selling the mugs 3．According to the advertisement , which of the following statements is NOT true ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
A．often travel around B．have 15 oz Stainless mugs
C．want to buy 15 oz stainless mugs D．are selling the mugs
3．According to the advertisement , which of the following statements is NOT true
A．People should stop using the mug immediately .
B．People can get the money back if they return the mug .
C．People with questions can call the company free of charge .
D．People can return the lid between October 2005 and January 2006.
4．From the passage we can learn that Tim Hortons .
A．is a club for travelers B．wants to make more money
C．cares about the customers’ safety D．is an organization helping customers
B
Surprisingly , no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education . Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital . We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital . Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country . It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher . A further quarter have only a part-time teacher . The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best ; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off . From this survey , one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher —and that contact may be as little as two hours a day . Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all . They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school . If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work ; without a teacher they would only play games . Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied , and the latter is often all the teacher can do . The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work . Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school . Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching , and are told to catch up as best as they can .Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly . But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed . ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly . But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed .
1．The author points out at the beginning that .
A．every child in hospital receives some teaching
B．not enough is known about hospital teaching
C．hospital teaching is of poor quality
D．the special children’s hospitals are worst off
2．From the latest survey we know that _______.
A．hospital teaching across the country is similar
B．each hospital has at least one part-time teacher
C．all hospitals surveyed offer education to children
D．only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers
3．Children in hospital usually turn to _____in order to catch up with their school work .
A．hospital teachers B．schoolmates C．parents D．school teachers
4．We can conclude from the passage that the author is .
A．unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitals
B．in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitals
C．unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching
D．satisfied with the results of the latest survey
C
Why does cream go bad faster than butter Some researchers think they have the answer , and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help break away from some chemicals . Cream and butter contain pretty much the same things , so why cream should go bad much faster has been a problem . Both are small globules (小球) of one liquid spread throughout another . The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst , who led the research . In cream , fatty globules drift about in a sea of water . In butter , globules of a watery roads are locked away in a sea of fat . The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery areas of the mixture . “This means that in cream , the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says , When in butter , the bacteria are locked away in locked places buried deep in the sea of fat . Trapped in this way , those colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out . They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products.” In butter , you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing ,” says Brocklehurst . The researchers are already working with food companies eager to see if their products can be made to stand bacterial attack through changes of the food’s structure. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Brockelehurst believes it will be possible to make something used in salad cream , for instance , more like that in butter . The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid state .
1．The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that .
A．it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without using some chemicals
B．it discovered small globules in both cream and butter
C．it showed the secret of how bacteria increase in cream and butter
D．it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition
2．According to Brocklehurst , we can keep cream fresh but _____.
A．removing its fat B．killing the bacteria
C．reducing its water D．changing its structure
3．The underlined word “colonies” refers to______.
A．tiny globules B．watery regions
C．bacteria society D．little departments
4．Commercial use of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made to stand bacterial attack .
A．by changing its chemical composition B．by turning it into a solid lump
C．while keeping its structure unchanged D．while its liquid form remains
D
Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict.” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes—khaki pants and a sports shirt—to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I am working harder than ever.” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday（but only on Friday）.This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code.” “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative（保守的）dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale（心境，士气）. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative influence on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
1．David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because .
A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt
B．he couldn’t stand a clean appearance
C．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time
D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes
2．David Smith wears casual clothes now, because .
A．they make him feel at ease when working
B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes
C．he looks handsome in casual clothes
D．he no longer works for any company
3．According to this passage, which of the following statements is FALSE A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.
B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.
C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees.
D．All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.
4．According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.
B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 90s.
C．“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.
D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
5．In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT .
A．saving employees’ money
B．making employees more attractive
C．improving employees’ motivation
D．making employees happier
参考答案：(A) CBDC (B) BDBC (C)ADCD (D) CADCB
【学法导航】考生在复习备考中对于阅读理解题的失分往往有两大因素：1.知识性障碍：1）语法障碍；2）词汇障碍；3）文化背景障碍；2.非知识性障碍：1）阅读习惯；2）阅读速度；3）阅读技巧；4）心理素质；如果想克服这些障碍，在复习备考中解决阅读理解的问题，在考试中拿到理想的成绩我们可以做到如下几个方面的要求：
1.培养良好的阅读习惯，掌握有效的阅读技巧
要培养良好的阅读习惯，平时要多朗读、背诵精彩段落和文章，以培养语感。另外克服不良的阅读习惯如有些学生在阅读中出声读、点读或回读，同时不要逐句翻译理解文章，因为文章的中心贯穿于文章的始终，逐句翻译很容易断章取义，不利于中心的把握，浪费时间；另外不能在阅读的过程中寻求词典帮助，来解决生词问题这样容易打断阅读的思路，不利于积极思维的培养。除了养成良好的阅读习惯外，掌握阅读技巧也是很关键的，一般考生在平时的学习、复习备考中应该形成正确的思维方法，阅读材料时注意如下几点：
1）略读。即快速通读全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图；2）跳读。快速查找某一相关信息，读时要一目十行，对不想关的内容一带而过；3）猜测生词。即在阅读中遇到的纲外词要借助于上下文、语境来把握。
2.掌握牢固的语法知识，克服长句阅读的障碍
近几年来的高考阅读理解题短文的句式结构趋向复杂，语法知识在阅读中的作用已经凸显出来。如在阅读中遇到的长句就可以借助语法分析句子结构，弄清各部分的关系，就能准确理解整句的意思。
3.重视英语词汇和习惯用法的积累，克服阅读中的词汇障碍
阅读能力的高低和词汇量的大小是分不开的，考生在复习备考中要采用新方法、新思路积极主动地把纲内词和拓展延伸的词汇掌握起来。
4.积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识，克服文化常识障碍阅读能力的提高不仅需要语言知识，还需要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识，考生在复习备考中，不应该仅满足于课文中的介绍，而要查找、查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
阅读能力的提高不仅需要语言知识，还需要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识，考生在复习备考中，不应该仅满足于课文中的介绍，而要查找、查阅与之相关的内容，对世界各地的发展历史、风俗人情、地理位置、气候特点等都有所了解。
5.调整好心态，坚持限时阅读训练，以提高阅读速度，克服心理障碍
保持良好的心态，平时训练高考化，高考平时化。限时阅读能培养实战感觉和良好的应试状态。
总之，考生只要坚持正确的阅读方法，培养阅读的兴趣，广泛阅读，积累词汇，并且养成良好的阅读习惯，考生的阅读能力一定会有大幅度提高。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
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2010高考二轮复习英语学案
专题十九 阅读理解
【典例精析】 （2009。北京卷）C
How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings
Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. But now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（经验的，实证的） basis. They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation.
Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room's ceiling affects how people think. Her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook.
In additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant's ability to concentrate. Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention.
Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C. Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design & Planning Laboratory at the University of Georgia. Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots.
Recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim（暗淡的） light helps people to loosen up. If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）," architect David Allison says. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. "We have a very limited number of studies, so we're almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）," architect David Allison says. "How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That's what we're all struggling with."
What does Joan Meyers-Levy focus on in her research
A. Light. B. Ceilings. C. Windows. D. Furniture.
【解析】B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知Joan Meyers-Levy focus on ceilings.
The passage tells us that ______.
A. the shape of furniture may affect people's feelings
B. lower ceilings may help improve students' creativity
C. children in a dim classroom may improve their grades
D. students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed
【解析】A细节判断题。根据文中内容可知B,C和D均是错误的。
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that ______.
A. the problem is not approached step by step
B. the researches so far have faults in themselves
C. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect
D. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns 【解析】D句意猜测题。根据划线句子后面的一句话可以知道该题的正确答案为:D。 67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
【解析】D句意猜测题。根据划线句子后面的一句话可以知道该题的正确答案为:D。
67. Which of the following shows the organization of the passage
CP: Central Point P: Point SP: Sub-point（次要点） C: Conclusion
【解析】C考查文章结构。注意解题技巧。第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点123共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。综上分析可知答案为:C。
（2009.天津卷）A
Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.
Many roads and places in Singapore（新加坡） are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.
Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.
Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay（马来语）. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road” The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.
A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent（月牙） because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.
36. We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.
A. the government is usually the first to name a placeB. many places tend to have more than one nameC. a ceremony will be held when a place is named ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
B. many places tend to have more than one name
C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named
D. people prefer the place names given by the government
【解析】B推理理解题。 由 “Frequently it happens that a place has two names”可知。
37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Change suddenly.
B. Change significantly.
C. Disappear mysteriously.
D. Disappear very slowly.
【解析】D词义猜测题。 根据下文“the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost”可知。
38. Which of the following places is named after a person
A. Raffles Place.
B. Selector Airbase.
C. Piccadilly Circus.
D. Paya Lebar Crescent.
【解析】A细节理解。答案见第二自然段。
39. Bras Basah Road is named _______.
A. after a person
B. after a place
C. after an activity
D. by its shape
【解析】C细节理解题。 见第四自然段前两行。
40. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain.
B. Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes.
C. The way Singaporeans name their places is unique.
D. Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers.
【解析】A推理判断题。 由本文第一句话“Societies all over the world name places in similar ways.”可推知。
【专题突破】考生在做阅读理解题时要把握考查五大要点：1.主旨大意类；2.细节理解类；3.推理判断类；4.词义猜测类；5.观点态度类等五大类别，然后每种类别采用不同的做题技巧来突破。具体说： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
1．主旨大意类
技巧：1）抓住解题的关键----主题句和主题段。主题句经常出现在文章的开头或结尾之处，也有可能出现在文中，主题段通常在文章的开头用来交待文章的中心意思，然后在全段或全文中展开主题；2）准确了解文章结构，确切把握文章的脉络，然后利于阅读技巧，快速排除干扰信息，概括文章的大意和主题，确定正确选项。
2.细节理解类
1）细节理解题的解题原则是：要选择的答案一定要在原文中找到相关的词、词组、句子或段落。选择的依据必须是短文本身提供的信息，而绝不可根据自己的主观假设及推测或是自己的观点来决定；）2）在阅读过程中对涉及到who(何人)，when(何时)，where(何地)，how(怎样)，why(为何)等常考的细节内容做适当标记，以便于解题时迅速、准确地查找。3）根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选择要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。
3.推理判断类
1）做这类题时，应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理和判断；2）要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会的常识，仔细推敲，合理判断。
4.词义猜测类
联系语境，利用上文提供的解释或说明猜测词义。一个单词在不同的语境中有不同的意思，只有在一定的语言环境中，才能确定出词汇或语句的意义。
5.观点态度类
回答这类问题应该从篇章的体裁着手。一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的（objective）或中立的（neutral）；而在议论文中作者的观点才会显得多种多样。常见的词以及态度的短语有：positive(肯定的)；negative（否定的）；neutral（中立的）；approval（赞同的）；disapproval（不赞同的）；indifferent（冷淡的）；sarcastic（讽刺的）；critical（批评的）；optimistic（乐观的）；pessimistic（悲观的）；authoritative（有权威的）；objective（客观的）；subjective（主观的）；doubtful（怀疑的）；compromising（妥协的）等等。判断作者的态度时也可以从文章中带有感彩的名词、动词、形容词或副词等，也可以根据作者举的例子来判断。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
判断作者的态度时也可以从文章中带有感彩的名词、动词、形容词或副词等，也可以根据作者举的例子来判断。
阅读理解: 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Imagine you’re at a party full of strangers. You’re nervous. Who are these people How do you start a conversation Fortunately, you’ve got a thing that sends out energy at tiny chips in everyone’s name tag (标签). The chips send back name, job, hobbies, and the time available for meeting-whatever. Making new friends becomes simple
This hasn’t quite happened in real life. But the world is already experiencing a revolution using RFID technology.
An RFID tag with a tiny chip can be fixed in a product, under your pet’s skin, even under your own skin. Passive RFID tags have no energy source-batteries because they do not need it. The energy comes from the reader, a scanning device, that sends out energy (for example, radio waves) that starts up the tag immediately.
Such a tag carries information specific to that object, and the data can be updated. Already, RFID technology is used for recognizing each car or truck on the road and it might appear in your passport. Doctors can put a tiny chip under the skin that will help locate and obtain a patient’s medical records. At a nightclub in Paris or in New York the same chip gets you into the VIP (very important person) section and pays for the bill with the wave of an arm.
Take a step back:10 or 12 years ago,you would have heard about the coming age of computing. One example always seemed to surface: Your refrigerator would know when you needed to buy more milk. The concept was that computer chips could be put everywhere and send information in a smart network that would make ordinary life simpler
RFID tags are a small part of this phenomenon. “The world is going to be a loosely coupled set of individual small devices, connected wirelessly,” predicts Dr.J.Reich. Human right supporters are nervous about the possibilities of such technology. It goes too far tracking school kids through RFID tags, they say. We imagine a world in which a beer company could find out not only when you bought a beer but also when you drank it. And how many beers. Accompanied by how many biscuits. When Marconi invented radio, he thought it would be used for ship-to-shore communication. Not for pop music. Who knows how RFID and related technologies will be used in the future. Here’s a wild guess: Not for buying milk.1. The article is intended to_______ . A. warn people of the possible risks in adopting RFID technology ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
1. The article is intended to_______ .
A. warn people of the possible risks in adopting RFID technology
B. explain the benefits brought about by RFID technology
C. convince people of the uses of RFID technology
D. predict the applications of RFID technology
2. We know from the passage that with the help of RFID tags, people_______.
A. will have no trouble getting data about others
B. will have more energy for conversation
C. will have more time to make friends
D. won’t feel shy at parties any longer
3. Passive RFID tags chiefly consist of ______.
A. scanning devices B. radio waves C. batteries D. chips
4. Why are some people worried about RFID technology
A. Because children will be tracked by strangers.
B. Because market competition will become more fierce.
C. Because their private lives will be greatly affected.
D. Because customers will be forced to buy more products.
5. The last paragraph implies that RFID technology .
A. will not be used for such matters as buying milk
B. will be widely used, including for buying milk
C. will be limited to communication uses
D. will probably be used for pop music
B
It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes More often the doctors can’t fix the damage Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain. Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
6. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _____ .
A. the time is too short for doctors
B. the patients are often too nervous
C. the damage is extremely hard to fix
D. the blood-cooling machine might break down
7. The brain operation was made possible mainly by_____.
A. taking the blood out of the brain B. trying the operation on monkeys first
C. having the blood go through a machine D. lowering the brain’s temperature
8. With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain .
A. can last as long as 30 minutes B. can keep the brain’s blood warm
C. can keep the patient’s brain healthy D. can help monkeys do different jobs
9. What is the right order of the steps in the operations
A. send the cooled back to the brain B. stop the blood to the brain
C. have the blood cooled down D. operate on the brain
A. a, b, c, d B. c, a, b, d C. c, b, d, a D. b, c, d, a
10. Which of the following is not true
A. If there isn’t enough blood, the brain can live for only three to five minutes.
B. If the brain is very cold, it can live without blood for half an hour.
C. Dr. White tried his idea for thirteen times.
D. After their operations, the monkeys were healthy and busy again
C
The traditional tent cities at festivals such as Glastonbury may never be the same again. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Major festivals such as Glastonbury throw away some 10,000 abandoned tents at the end of events each year. For his final year project at the University of the West of England, James Dunlop came up with a material that can be recycled. And to cope with the British summer, the cardboard has been made waterproof.
Taking inspiration from a Japanese architect, who has used cardboard to make big buildings including churches, Mr. Dunlop used cardboard material for his tents, which he called Myhabs.
The design won an award at the annual New Designers Exhibition after Mr. Dunlop graduated from his product design degree and he decided to try to turn it into a business
To raise money for the idea, he toured the city’s private companies which fund new business and found a supporter in the finance group Mint. He introduced his idea to four of Mint’s directors and won their support. Mint has committed around 500,000 to MyHabs and taken a share of 30 per cent in Mr. Dunlop’s business. The first Myhabs should be tested at festivals this summer, before being marketed fully next year.
Mr. Dunlop said that the design, which accommodates two people, could have other uses, such as for disaster relief and housing for the London Olympics.
For music events, the cardboard houses will be ordered online and put up at the sites by the Myhabs team before the festival-goers arrive and removed by the company afterwards. They can be personalized and the company will offer reductions on the expense if people agree to sell exterior (外部的) advertising space.
The biggest festivals attract tens of thousands of participants, with Glastonbury having some 150,000 each year. Altogether there are around 100 annual music festivals where people camp in the UK. The events are becoming increasingly environmentally conscious.
11. “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents _______.
A. economically desirable B. favorable to the environment
C. for holding music performances1 D. designed for disaster relief
12. Mr. Dunlop established his business .
A. independently with an interest-free loan from Mint
B. with the approval of the City’s administration
C. in partnership with a finance group D. with the help of a Japanese architect13. It is implied in the passage that _______. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
D. with the help of a Japanese architect
13. It is implied in the passage that _______.
A. the weather in the UK is changeable in summer
B. most performances at British festivals are given in the open air
C. the cardboard tents produced by Mr. Dunlop can be user-tailored
D. cardboard tents can be easily put up and removed by users.
14. The passage is mainly concerned with .
A. an attempt at developing recyclable tents
B. some efforts at making full use of cardboards
C. an unusual success of a graduation project
D. the effects of using cardboard tents on music festivals
15. Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A. Don’t Use Tents Again
B. The Advantages of Tents
C. How to Produce Tents
D. The Development of Recyclable Tents
答案及解析
A
本文主要讲述的是一项新技术RFID的应用及它的前景
1.【解析】 D 主旨大意题。通读全文得知。
2.【解析】 A 细节理解题。根据第一段“Fortunately，you’ve got a thing that sends out…and the time available for meeting-whatever”，可推知选A。
3.【解析】 D 细节理解题。根据第三段“An RFID tag with a tiny chip can be fixed… Passive RFID tags have no energy source--batteries because they do not need it”，可知选D。
4.【解析】 C 细节理解题。根据第六段“Human right supporters are nervous…It goes too far tracking… Accompanied by how many biscuits”可知选C。
5.【解析】B 推理推断题。根据最后一段提到的Marconi在发明收音机时只想应用在轮船与陆地沿岸的交流沟通，没想到应用在流行音乐上，因而谁知道RFID及相关技术在未来将怎样使用，可能会用在买牛奶的问题上。
B
本文主要讲述的是医生不断探索如何给受伤的脑部做手术的事。
6. 【解析】 A 细节理解题。根据第一段“It is difficult for doctors to help a person…. the brain lives for only three to five minutes”，可知选A。
7.【解析】D 细节理解题。从“If it is very cold，the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes”可知。
8.【解析】 A 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知选A。
9.【解析】 B 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句至第九句可推知选B。
10.【解析】 C 细节理解题。从第三段内容可知C项说法是没有根据的
C
本文主要介绍开发和使用可再利用的帐篷。
11.【解析】 B 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句可知，eco-friendly tents是用纸板做，在乐队和人群离开回家后，可以重复使用的，显然是对环境有利的。另外，根据eco-friendly的构成也可猜出其含义为“环境友好的”，上文environmentally-ware(有环境意识的)也有提示作用。
12 【解析】 C 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，Mr. Dunlop与财团Mint为合作关系，Mint财团为其MyHabs项目提供50万英镑的资金支持，Mr. Dunlop提供技术并负责实施该项目，作为回报，Mint财团将获得Mr. Dunlop企业的30％的股份，故选C。A项获得Mint的无息贷款，显然错。Mr. Dunlop寻求的是the City’s private companies 的支持，而非城市管理部门的批准，B错。他的创意是受到日本建筑师的启发，而非得到其帮助，D错。
13.【解析】C 推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句“They can be personalized"暗示可以根据用户的要求裁剪式样。根据第二段最后一句可推知英国夏季多雨，但不能推出changeable(易变，多变)的，A错。根据倒数第三段可知，这种帐篷只能睡两个人，显然不是为搭建露天演出棚所用，只是为那些观看节目演出，而又难以承担或不愿支付居住高额旅馆的年轻(学生)野外露宿所用，演出应不是露天，至少不能推出B正确。根据倒数第二段首句，这种帐篷可在网上订购，但该公司将派安装队负责安装和拆除，可见安装和拆除不是很容易，D错。
14.【解析】A 主旨大意题。文章关注的是开发和使用可再利用的帐篷，A正确。这种帐篷将利用纸板，但这不是根本目的，B错。这种帐篷的确是Mr. Dunlop最后一年的课题，但文章聚集的不是大学生的课题，而且该项目尚不能说取得了成功，还有待实践去检验，C错。现在尚只是使用，效果如何尚是未知，D错15【解析】. D 主旨大意题。纵览全文得知，文章讲的是开发和使用可再利用的帐篷问题， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
15【解析】. D 主旨大意题。纵览全文得知，文章讲的是开发和使用可再利用的帐篷问题，所以D正确。
【专题综合】
A
Attention Tim Hortons
Stainless Stell Travel Mug Owners
Lid Recall-15 oz Stainless Steel Travel Mug
A fault at the cup has been recognized . The fault may result in some lids lifting slightly from the body of the mug , and could probably cause injury from hot liquid leaking . Therefore , we have given an immediate lid recall notice . This Recall notice is related only to Tim Hortons 15 oz Stainless Steel Travel Mugs sold between October 2005 and January 2006. The bottom of the mug is stamped with distributor’s name , “ThermosServ” There is no printing on the handle of the mug .
At Tim Hortons , we value our customers’ safety above anything else . So, whether your lid is leaking or not , in the interest of your safety , we are requesting that you bring your mug to your nearest Tim Hortons (excluding Esso Tim Hortons), where they will exchange the lid for a new lid that fits safety . The new lids will be available February 1,2006; please do not use your mug until you exchange the lid .
Here’s what you do :
*Please do not use your mug until you have exchanged the lid for a new one .
* New lids will be available February 1,2006.
* Return your travel mug to a Tim Hortons store (as of February 1,2006).
* Your lid will he exchanged for a new lid .
If you prefer to return the entire mug , bring it back at any time for a full repayment .
If you have any questions regarding this recall, please contact us at :
Toll Free Number : 1-888-601-1616
8:30 am –5:00 pm Eastern Standard Time
1．This advertisement is trying to .
A．introduce a new type of mugs B．persuade people to buy a new lid
C．inform people of exchanging a lid D．warn against the danger of using the mug
2．The advertisement is mainly aimed at those who .A．often travel around B．have 15 oz Stainless mugs C．want to buy 15 oz stainless mugs D．are selling the mugs 3．According to the advertisement , which of the following statements is NOT true ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
A．often travel around B．have 15 oz Stainless mugs
C．want to buy 15 oz stainless mugs D．are selling the mugs
3．According to the advertisement , which of the following statements is NOT true
A．People should stop using the mug immediately .
B．People can get the money back if they return the mug .
C．People with questions can call the company free of charge .
D．People can return the lid between October 2005 and January 2006.
4．From the passage we can learn that Tim Hortons .
A．is a club for travelers B．wants to make more money
C．cares about the customers’ safety D．is an organization helping customers
B
Surprisingly , no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education . Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital . We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital . Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country . It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher . A further quarter have only a part-time teacher . The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best ; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off . From this survey , one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher —and that contact may be as little as two hours a day . Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all . They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school . If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work ; without a teacher they would only play games . Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied , and the latter is often all the teacher can do . The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work . Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school . Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching , and are told to catch up as best as they can .Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly . But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed . ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly . But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed .
1．The author points out at the beginning that .
A．every child in hospital receives some teaching
B．not enough is known about hospital teaching
C．hospital teaching is of poor quality
D．the special children’s hospitals are worst off
2．From the latest survey we know that _______.
A．hospital teaching across the country is similar
B．each hospital has at least one part-time teacher
C．all hospitals surveyed offer education to children
D．only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers
3．Children in hospital usually turn to _____in order to catch up with their school work .
A．hospital teachers B．schoolmates C．parents D．school teachers
4．We can conclude from the passage that the author is .
A．unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitals
B．in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitals
C．unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching
D．satisfied with the results of the latest survey
C
Why does cream go bad faster than butter Some researchers think they have the answer , and it comes down to the structure of the food, not its chemical composition—a finding that could help break away from some chemicals . Cream and butter contain pretty much the same things , so why cream should go bad much faster has been a problem . Both are small globules (小球) of one liquid spread throughout another . The difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst , who led the research . In cream , fatty globules drift about in a sea of water . In butter , globules of a watery roads are locked away in a sea of fat . The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery areas of the mixture . “This means that in cream , the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he says , When in butter , the bacteria are locked away in locked places buried deep in the sea of fat . Trapped in this way , those colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out . They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products.” In butter , you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing ,” says Brocklehurst . The researchers are already working with food companies eager to see if their products can be made to stand bacterial attack through changes of the food’s structure. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
Brockelehurst believes it will be possible to make something used in salad cream , for instance , more like that in butter . The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid state .
1．The significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that .
A．it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without using some chemicals
B．it discovered small globules in both cream and butter
C．it showed the secret of how bacteria increase in cream and butter
D．it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition
2．According to Brocklehurst , we can keep cream fresh but _____.
A．removing its fat B．killing the bacteria
C．reducing its water D．changing its structure
3．The underlined word “colonies” refers to______.
A．tiny globules B．watery regions
C．bacteria society D．little departments
4．Commercial use of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made to stand bacterial attack .
A．by changing its chemical composition B．by turning it into a solid lump
C．while keeping its structure unchanged D．while its liquid form remains
D
Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict.” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes—khaki pants and a sports shirt—to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I am working harder than ever.” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work. In the United States, the change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday（but only on Friday）.This became known as “dress-down Friday” or “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes One reason is that it’s easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code.” “A lot of young people don’t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative（保守的）dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale（心境，士气）. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative influence on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
1．David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because .
A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt
B．he couldn’t stand a clean appearance
C．he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time
D．he didn’t want to spend much money on clothes
2．David Smith wears casual clothes now, because .
A．they make him feel at ease when working
B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes
C．he looks handsome in casual clothes
D．he no longer works for any company
3．According to this passage, which of the following statements is FALSE A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
A．Many employees don’t like a conservative dress code.
B．Comfortable clothes make employees more productive.
C．A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees.
D．All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.
4．According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE
A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.
B．Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 90s.
C．“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.
D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
5．In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned EXCEPT .
A．saving employees’ money
B．making employees more attractive
C．improving employees’ motivation
D．making employees happier
参考答案：(A) CBDC (B) BDBC (C)ADCD (D) CADCB
【学法导航】考生在复习备考中对于阅读理解题的失分往往有两大因素：1.知识性障碍：1）语法障碍；2）词汇障碍；3）文化背景障碍；2.非知识性障碍：1）阅读习惯；2）阅读速度；3）阅读技巧；4）心理素质；如果想克服这些障碍，在复习备考中解决阅读理解的问题，在考试中拿到理想的成绩我们可以做到如下几个方面的要求：
1.培养良好的阅读习惯，掌握有效的阅读技巧
要培养良好的阅读习惯，平时要多朗读、背诵精彩段落和文章，以培养语感。另外克服不良的阅读习惯如有些学生在阅读中出声读、点读或回读，同时不要逐句翻译理解文章，因为文章的中心贯穿于文章的始终，逐句翻译很容易断章取义，不利于中心的把握，浪费时间；另外不能在阅读的过程中寻求词典帮助，来解决生词问题这样容易打断阅读的思路，不利于积极思维的培养。除了养成良好的阅读习惯外，掌握阅读技巧也是很关键的，一般考生在平时的学习、复习备考中应该形成正确的思维方法，阅读材料时注意如下几点：
1）略读。即快速通读全文，抓住文章大意和主题句，明确作者的态度和意图；2）跳读。快速查找某一相关信息，读时要一目十行，对不想关的内容一带而过；3）猜测生词。即在阅读中遇到的纲外词要借助于上下文、语境来把握。
2.掌握牢固的语法知识，克服长句阅读的障碍
近几年来的高考阅读理解题短文的句式结构趋向复杂，语法知识在阅读中的作用已经凸显出来。如在阅读中遇到的长句就可以借助语法分析句子结构，弄清各部分的关系，就能准确理解整句的意思。
3.重视英语词汇和习惯用法的积累，克服阅读中的词汇障碍
阅读能力的高低和词汇量的大小是分不开的，考生在复习备考中要采用新方法、新思路积极主动地把纲内词和拓展延伸的词汇掌握起来。
4.积累一定的文化背景知识和生活知识，克服文化常识障碍阅读能力的提高不仅需要语言知识，还需要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识，考生在复习备考中，不应该仅满足于课文中的介绍，而要查找、查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
阅读能力的提高不仅需要语言知识，还需要有一定的文化背景知识和生活知识，考生在复习备考中，不应该仅满足于课文中的介绍，而要查找、查阅与之相关的内容，对世界各地的发展历史、风俗人情、地理位置、气候特点等都有所了解。
5.调整好心态，坚持限时阅读训练，以提高阅读速度，克服心理障碍
保持良好的心态，平时训练高考化，高考平时化。限时阅读能培养实战感觉和良好的应试状态。
总之，考生只要坚持正确的阅读方法，培养阅读的兴趣，广泛阅读，积累词汇，并且养成良好的阅读习惯，考生的阅读能力一定会有大幅度提高。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )
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