Unit6 I'm more outgoing than my sister.
年级:八 学科:英语 执笔人:许卫霞 申核人: 时间:
【教学目标】
学会谈论个性特征
学会使用形容词的比较级,比较人的个性特征
学会比较身边的事物并选择最佳方案
【重要词组】
(1)more athletic 体格更强壮的
(2)more popular 更受欢迎的
(3)photos of me 我的照片
(4)as you can see 正如你所看见的
(5)in some ways 在某些方面
(6)look the same/look different 看起来一样/看起来不同
(7)enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
(8)in common 共同的
(9)be good at 擅长;在……表现好
(10)not as…as 不像……一样
(11)a little more outgoing 更外向一点
(12)the same as 和……一样
(13)make sb. laugh 使某人发笑
(14)be important for 对……很重要
(15)look alike 看起来很像
(16)most of the… ……中的大多数
(17)be good with 对……友好
(18)tell jokes 开玩笑
(19)have good grades 获得好成绩
(20)stop talking 停止说话
(21)twin sisters 双胞胎姐妹
(22)more than 多于,超过
(23)be different from 与……不同
【语法知识聚焦】
1) 形容词的作用
形容词在句子中一般充当表语、定语和宾语补足语,如:
Our school looks very beautiful. (表语)
There are fifty students in our class, so we need a big classroom. (定语)
Doing morning exercises can make us healthy. (宾语补足语)
2) 形容词的级别
形容词有三种级别,即原级、比较级和最高级。当讨论的对象是一个时应使用原级,当讨论的对象是两个时应使用比较级,当讨论的对象在三个或更多时应使用最高级。
在形容词原级后面加上er就成为比较级,在原级后加上est就成为最高级。 一般的单音节形容词直接加er或est,词尾是不发音字母e的只加r或st,重读闭音节应双写词尾辅音字母再加er或est,如:
long—longer—longest,
nice—nicer—nicest,
big—bigger—biggest。
以辅音字母加y为结尾的双音节形容词应将y改为i再加上er或est,如:
early—earlier—earliest,
dirty—dirtier—dirtiest,
busy—busier—busiest。
多音节的形容词比较级应在前面加上more,最高级应在前面加上most, 如:
important—more important—most important,
difficult—more difficult—most difficult。
有些特殊的形容词有自己的变化规律, 如:
good/well—better—best, bad/badly—worse—worst,
many/much—more—most, little—less—least,
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest。
形容词的比较级句型应使用连词than或or,如:
The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.
上海的天气比北京的天气热.
Which subject is more important, English or math
英语和数学, 哪个学科更重要
形容词的最高级前应加上定冠词the,句型中应给出比较范围,如:
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
长江是中国最长的河流.
The third truck carries the most books of all.
第三辆卡车在所有的卡车中载书最多.
两个人或物比较时,如果只说明两者相同或不同,则可使用as...as...句型,否定句为not as (so)...as...句型,这里形容词仍使用原级,如:
Mr. Green is as old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生年龄一样大.
Mr. Green is not as (so) old as Mr. Brown.
格林先生和布朗先生的年龄不一样大.
【重点词语讲解】
1. funny是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,该词属形容词比较级的规则变化,其变化形式是把y变成i,再加--er。类似的词有:heavy--heavier,early--earlier,busy--busier。
Holly’s best friend is funnier than she is。霍莉最好的朋友比她更滑稽可笑。
fun表示“乐趣,有趣的人/事,玩笑,娱乐”是不可数名词。例如:
It is great fun to walk in the morning. 早晨散步是件有趣的事。
We have lots of fun at the picnic. 我们在野餐中玩得很痛快。
have fun表示“作乐,玩乐”是固定的动词短语,fun是不可数名词。后加动词-ing意为“开开心心做某事,快快乐乐做某事,有做某事的乐趣”。
What fun it is to swim in the sea! 在大海里游泳是多么有趣啊!
I have fun listening to English stories. 我听英语故事很有乐趣。
We are going to have fun speaking English this term.
这学期我们讲英语将很有乐趣。
若have fun之后跟名词,要与介词with连用。
The children had a lot of fun with the building blocks. 孩子们玩积木玩得很开心。
Did you have fun with camp 你野营玩得快乐吗?
2. both的用法
1)both作代词,意为“两者,双方,二人”。
Both are new. 两个都是新的。
Both of the flowers are very beautiful. =The flowers are both very beautiful.
那两朵花都很漂亮。
You are both too young. 你们两个都太年轻了。
I invited both of them. = I invited them both. 他们两个我都邀请了。
2)both作形容词,意为“两者的;双方的”。
I want both (the) books. 两本书我都想要。
3)当both用于否定句时,表示“并非两者……”,为部分否定;全部否定时用not either或neither表示。
I don’t need both (the) dictionaries. 这两本字典我并不是都需要。
I need neither of the dictionaries. 这两本字典我都不需要。
4)both ... and ... “……和……都”“既……又……”。
Both you and I were wrong. 你和我都错了。
He can speak both English and French. 他会说英语和法语。
需要注意的是,both ... and ... 的否定为neither ... nor或not either ... or ...。
He can speak neither English nor French. = He can’t speak either English or French.
他既不会讲英语也不会讲法语。
3. however 可是,然而
I’d like to go with you; however, I’m busy. 我想和你一起走,可是我很忙。
This book is good; however, I have no money with me. 这本书很好,可是我没带钱。
They are tired; however, they are still working. 他们很疲劳,可是他们仍然在工作着。
4. be good at 擅长,在……方面做得好(= do well in)。at是介词,后面常跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
I’m good at Chinese. 我语文学得好。
Are you good at sports 你擅长运动吗?
I’m better at math than Li Lei. 我数学比李磊好。
Tina is good at swimming. 蒂娜擅长游泳。
They are good at playing chess. 他们都擅长下象棋。
5. “not as/so…as”这种结构表示“不如……;不及……”这类概念。例如:
LiuYing is not as good at sports as her sister. 刘英没有她姐姐擅长体育运动。
I’m not as tall as you. 我不如你高。
Our room is not as/so large as theirs. 我们的房间不及他们的大。
This question is not as/so easy as that one. 这个问题不及那个容易。
在肯定句中,表示程度相同的比较用“as…as”,第一个as不能用so替换。as...as中间要用形容词或副词原级。例如:
This book is as new as that one. 这本书和那本书一样新。
Lily is as careful as Mary. 丽丽和玛丽一样仔细。
I’m as tall as you. 我和你一样高。
6. the same as ... 和……一样
He was about the same age as you. 他大约和你年龄一样。
same 同样的;相同的。通常无比较级和最高级。
the same thing 同样的事情
at the same time 同时
Thank you all the same.(虽然没有帮上忙,但)仍然谢谢你。
—Happy New Year. 新年快乐。
—The same to you. 也祝你快乐。(该词组通常用于回答对方)
7. “more than one+单数名词” “不止一个……”。作主语,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如:
More than one book is on the desk. 书桌上不止有一本书。
There is more than one answer to your question. 你这个问题的答案不止一个。
More than one person has finished the homework. 不止一个人做完了作业。
More than one boy knows how to play the computer game. 不止一个男孩知道怎样玩这个电脑游戏。
He can speak more than one language. 他不止会说一种语言。
8. make me laugh 使我笑(开心)
make在此意为“使”,称为“使役动词”。其结构特点是:
1)make +人(宾语)+动词原形(宾补)。
I can't make the horse go. 我无法使这匹马走动。
They made us forget past. 他们使我们忘记了过去。
2)make + 宾语+形容词(宾补)
He often makes me tired. 他经常使我感到劳累。
His words make us happy. 他的话使我们很高兴。
9. in some ways 在一些方面
由way构成的词组还有:
in a way 在某种程度上,从某方面来说
by the way 顺便说一下,顺便问一下
go the wrong way 走错路
lose one’s way 迷路
on one’s way to ... 在某人去往某地的路上。
10. for sb. 意为“就某人而言;对某人来说”。如:
for me 对于我来说
This is a good chance for him. 这对他来说是个好机会。
It’s important for us to protect wild animals. 对我们来说保护野生动物是很重要的。
【重难点分析】
1. I'm more outgoing than my sister.我比我的姐姐更开朗。
两者进行比较,用比较级:比较级+than。例如:
You're two years older than I你比我大两岁。
His younger brother is stronger than he. 他弟弟比他强壮。
The face of her father looks older than that of her uncle. 她父亲的面貌看起来比她伯父还老一些。
2. Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying.这是我和我的孪生姐姐刘英的照片。
这是一个倒装句,here作表语,photos是该句的主语中心词。副词here开头的句子往往倒装。主语是代词用部分倒装,主语是名词用全部倒装。例如:
Here it is.给你。
Here is a letter for you.这是你的来信。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Here are some examples.这儿是几个例子。
3.Do you think you’re different from Tara
你认为你和特拉不同吗?
be different from/to意思是“与……不同”。如:
▲It was very different from modern car races.
它与现代小汽车比赛大不相同。
▲Susan is different from/to Alice.
苏姗和爱丽丝不同。
4.Here are photos of me and my twin sister Liu Ying.
这是我和我的孪生妹妹刘英的照片。
(1)photos of me意思是“我的照片”,它与my photos不同,前者强调的是“照片的内容”,而后者强调的是“照片的所属”。如:
▲This is one of my photos and she is my mother.
这是我的一张照片,她是我妈妈。
▲Here is a photo of me. I was only five years old then.
这是我的照片,那时我才五岁。
(2)twin可用作名词,意思是“孪生子(之一)”,也可以作形容词,意思是“孪生的”。如:
▲ Lily is my twin sister.
莉莉是我的孪生姐姐。
▲Xiao Bao and Da Bao are twins.
小宝和大宝是双胞胎。
5.As you can see, in some ways we look the same, and in some ways we look different.
正如你所看见的,在某些方面我们长得很像,在某些方面我们又不一样。
(1)as意思是“正如,照”。如:
▲ As you know, I’m not good at basketball.
正如你知道的,我不擅长篮球。
(2)in some ways意思是“在某些方面”。如:
▲ In some ways I don’t like him very much.
在某些方面我不太喜欢他。
(3)same意为“相同的”,其前要加定冠词,反义词为different。当说两个东西不同时,用different, different前不加冠词。如:
▲Some things are different in China and America.
在中国和美国有些东西是不同的。
▲You look the same. 你们看起来很像。
“长得像……”用look like表示。如:
▲He looks like his father. 他长得像他的父亲。
6.However, we both enjoy going to parties.
然而,我们都喜欢参加聚会。
(1)however意思是“不过;然而”。如:
▲He hasn’t arrived. He may, however, come later.
他还未到。不过,他可能过一会儿来。
▲I’d like to go with you; however, I’m too busy.
我很想和你一块儿去,可是我忙不过来。
(2)both作形容词时表示“两者;两者都”,与复数名词连用,名词前可用定冠词、指示限定词等。如:
▲Both books are expensive.
= Both the/these books are expensive.
这两本书都很贵。
both作代词时,表示“两者”,这时复指前文的复数名词或代词。如:
▲We both want to go to the party. 我们俩都想去参加聚会。
▲His parents are both dead. 他父母双亡。
both作副词时,构成both…and…结构,表示“不但……而且……;既……又……”。如:
▲Both his brother and sister are married.
他的哥哥和姐姐都已结婚。
▲She can speak both French and English.
她既会说法语又会说英语。
注意:both在句中的位置。如:
▲We are both quiet. 我们都很安静。
▲Both girls go to lots of parties. 两个女孩子都经常参加聚会。
辨析:both与all
(1)both意为“两者全部”,作主语时当作复数使用。如:
▲ Wang Lin and Li Ping both stood up.
王林和李平都站起来了。
▲ Both of the students are Young Pioneers.
这两个学生都是少先队员。
(2)all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思。如:
▲My brothers and I are all at school.
我的兄弟和我都在上学。
▲They all went to the school farm yesterday.
昨天他们都去学校农场了。
注意:both和all在句子中用作主语的同位语时,通常放在行为动词之前或be动词之后。试译:我们都很累。
误:We all are very tired.
正:We are all very tired.
7. I'm quieter than most of the kids in my class,and so is my best friend Loretta.我比班里的大多数小伙子文静,我的最好的朋友Loretta也是这样。
1)这是一个并列复合句,前一个分句是含有省略的比较状语从句的主从复合句;后一个分句是一个倒装句,主语为my best friend Loretta。把so放在句首,表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人,须用倒装语序,其句型结构是“So+be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”。例如:
He can swim. So can I. 他会游泳,我也会。
I'm willing to do it and so are the other girls in the class. 我很愿意做这件工作,班上别的姑娘们也愿意。
Mr Smith has been to China. So has his wife. 史密斯先生到过中国,他妻子也去过。
I read The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer. So did my classmates. 我读过《汤姆·索亚历险记》,我的同学们也读过。
2)most of ... 多数……
Most of the boys like playing computer games. 多数男孩喜欢玩电脑游戏。
Most of us passed the examination. 我们大多数人考试及格了。
注意:
most of + n. 作主语,动词的数由名词的数来决定。
Most of the apples are red. 多数的苹果是红色的。
Most of the apple is rotten. 那个苹果的大部分烂了。
【反馈检测】
一.选择填空
( ) 1. The girl isn’t short. She is __________ than before.
A. short B. tall C. taller D. shorter
( ) 2. Li Ming and Lin Tao _________ black eyes.
A. has B. have both C. both have D. both has
( ) 3. John is ___________ than Peter.
A. funnier B. fun C. funny D. more funny
( ) 4. My sister is __________ more outgoing than me.
A. more B. most C. a little D. little
( ) 5. Her grandfather ___________ fishing on weekends.
A. likes going B. like going C. likes go D. like to go
( ) 6. I __________ a movie this Sunday.
A. watch B. watches C. watching D. am watching
( ) 7. A: Can you go to the concert with us
B: ________.
A. I’d love to B. I’d like C. I’d love D. I’d like to
( ) 8. I _______ a primary school student two years ago.
A. am B. was C. be D. wer
( ) 9. He likes to do the same things _______ me.
A. in B. on C. like D. as
( )10. Maria is a student. ________ is good at swimming.
A. He B. She C. We D. I
二. 用比较级填空
1. Who is ___________( heavy), Wang Lin or Lin Tao
2. Mr Green is ______________( serious) than Mr Brown.
3. The sun is ______________( big) than the earth.
4. Unit 4 is ____________________( difficult) than Unit 5.
5. My mother is __________ (young) than your mother is.
6. Which country is _________( large) , China or Japan
7. Mary has _________( long) hair than Betty.
8. It’s ________( hot) in summer in Beijing than that in Dalian.
9. Miss Yang is ___________ ( calm) than Miss Li.
10. You are __________________( athletic) than Jim.
三. 写作
昨天在你回家的路上,遇到一个两年未见面的小学同学XX(不用真实姓名).你发现他/她与两年前有很大变化.请你描述一下他/她的变化.
intellectual, popular, outgoing, athletic, polite (有礼貌的), funny
Yesterday on my way home I met a classmate of mine. We were in a primary school two years ago. I found he / she was much taller than before.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
【参考答案点拨】
一、
Parts of body(人体部分):
ear nose neck shoulder arm
Conveyance(交通工具):
subway train boat plane bus
Illness and discomforts(疾病和疼痛):
headache sore throat stomachache fever backache
Frequency adverbs(频率副词):
hardly often never sometimes always
Vacation activities(假日活动):
go camping babysitting go sightseeing sports camp go bike riding
二、
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. B
1. C,根据题意,又than经常与比较级连用。
2. C,both与实义动词连用时,必须放在实义动词的前面。
3. A,than经常与比较级连用, funny以辅音字母加y 结尾,应去掉 y 加上ier.
4. C,a little可以用来修饰比较级,这儿的a little more outgoing than me意思是:比我外向一点儿。
5.A,根据on weekends, 本题为一般现在是,主语是第三人称单数,动词用 likes,like doing sth和go fishing都是固定用法.
6. D,用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作.
7. A,表示很高兴接受别人的邀请时,常说: I'd love to. 意思是:我很乐意......
8. B,two years ago 是一般过去时的时间状语。
9. D,the same as 是固定用法,表示: 和......一样.
10. B,Maria(玛丽亚)是女孩子的名字.
三、
1. We both like doing the same things.
2. Tom / Sam has shorter hair than Sam / Tom.
3. We're playing tennis with the school team on Wednesday.
4. Tim usually takes the subway to school.
5. How often do you exercise
四、
1. staying 2. tired 3. walk 4. heavier 5. funny
6. bicycle 7. love 8. lesson 9. leaving 10. concert
1. How long 经常与延续性动词连用,又根据in Miami, 不能选leaving.
2. 根据题中的hungry, 其它的形容词与hungry不能形成对照的关系.
3. walk, next to school意思是:紧挨着学校.
4. heavier, all the time意思是:总是,一直.
5. funny, make sb. laugh意思是:逗某人大笑.
6. bicycle, ride her bicycle, 动词短语:骑自行车.
7. love, 表示很高兴接受别人的邀请时,常说: I'd love to. 意思是:我很乐意.
五、
本题要求用比较级填空:
1. heavier 2. more serious 3. bigger 4. more difficult 5. younger
6. larger 7. longer 8. hotter 9. calmer 10. more athletic
六、
1. often, visits, three, four times
2. same as, outgoing
3. clean, classroom
4. good at swimming
5. look the same
1. often, 每月拜访祖父母3到4次,表示频度用how often. 第一句中动词是does, 时态应该一致.
2. the same as和......相同,是固定短语.
4. be good at 擅长于......, at 是介词,后接动名词.
5. look the same 看上去一样,是固定短语.
七、
Yesterday on my way home I met a classmate of mine. We were in a primary school two years ago. Her name is Zhou Yan. I found she was much taller than before. She told me that she liked playing tennis. She was on the school team and she was very poplar in her school. So she looked more athletic than before. Then she told me that she studied well in her class. All her classmates and teachers said she was very intellectual. We talked for a long time. We talked a lot. She told me a lot of funny stories of her. I thought she was more outgoing and polite than before. At last we decided that we would play tennis together next Sunday.