2017版高考外研版英语一轮复习跟踪检测：必修4 module4 Great Scientists

必修四
Module
4
阅读理解提速练——练速度
(限时：20分钟)
A
(2016·华中师大附中高三上学期期中检测)Chinese
female
scientist
Tu
Youyou
won
the
2015
Nobel
Prize
in
medicine
on
October
5
for
her
discoveries
concerning
a
novel
treatment
against
malaria
(疟疾).
This
is
the
first
Nobel
Prize
given
to
a
Chinese
scientist
for
work
carried
out
within
China.
Tu
shared
the
prize
with
Irish born
William
Campbell
and
Satoshi
Omura
of
Japan,
who
were
honored
for
their
revolutionary
anti roundworm
treatment.
84 year old
Tu
is
awarded
this
prize
for
her
contribution
to
cutting
the
death
rate
of
malaria,
reducing
patients'
suffering
and
promoting
mankind's
health.
Although
she
received
several
medical
awards
in
the
past,
the
2015
Nobel
Prize
is
definitely
the
most
privilege
reward
that
recognizes
Tu's
dedication
and
perseverance
in
discovering
artemisinin
(青蒿素),
the
key
drug
that
battles
malaria friendly
parasites
(寄生虫).
However,
her
route
to
the
honor
has
been
anything
but
traditional.
She
won
the
Nobel
Prize
for
medicine,
but
she
doesn't
have
a
medical
degree
or
a
PhD.
In
China,
she
is
even
being
called
the
“three noes”
winner:
no
medical
degree,
no
doctorate,
and
she's
never
worked
overseas.
No
wonder
her
success
has
stirred
China's
national
pride
and
helped
promote
confidence
of
native
Chinese
scientists.
The
fact
that
Tu
has
none
of
these
three
backgrounds
reminds
us
that
science
should
be
more
accessible
to
all.
One
shall
be
able
to
become
a
scientist
no
matter
what
kind
of
background
he
or
she
comes
from,
as
long
as
one
dives
into
scientific
research.
There
have
been
discussions
on
people
who
really
love
science
but
are
never
able
to
achieve
much
during
their
whole
life.
Their
contributions
can
never
be
ignored.
They
work
so
hard
to
prove
the
wrong
way
so
that
the
future
researchers
will
be
closer
to
the
right
one.
As
the
first
Chinese
mainland
Nobel
Prize
Winner
of
natural
science
award,
Tu's
record breaking
winning
also
serves
as
a
reminder
to
those
who
are
too
eager
for
instant
success.
Science
is
never
about
instant
success.
Tu
spent
decades
on
scientific
research
before
its
value
is
officially
acknowledged.
There
is
no
way
to
measure
how
much
one
devotes
to
science
and
compare
it
with
how
much
reward
he
or
she
may
get.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。中国女科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年度诺贝尔医学奖，作为一名“三无” 无医学学位、无博士学位、无海外经历 获奖者，她带给我们很多值得思考的东西。
1．We
can
know
from
the
text
that
________.
A．Tu
worked
at
home
and
abroad
to
conduct
her
research
B．Tu
got
the
Nobel
Prize
for
her
anti roundworm
treatment
C．the
Nobel
Prize
is
the
first
award
to
recognize
her
work
D．her
discovery
of
artemisinin
has
helped
to
cut
malaria
death
rate
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中“she's
never
worked
overseas”可知A项错误；根据第二段第一句可知，进行anti roundworm
treatment的是爱尔兰和日本的两位科学家，故B项错误；根据第二段最后一句可知，屠呦呦曾经获得过几个医学奖项，故C项错误。根据第二段第二句可知D项正确。
2．The
author
seems
to
agree
that
a
person
who
is
more
likely
to
become
a
scientist
is
the
one
with________.
A．a
sense
of
national
pride
B．relevant
academic
knowledge
C．a
desire
to
achieve
success
D．enthusiasm
for
scientific
research
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，一个人无论什么背景、来自何处，只要专心于科学研究，就有可能成为一名科学家，故选D。
3．In
writing
the
passage,
the
author
intends
to________.
A．inform
readers
of
the
news
and
make
comments
B．discourage
the
pursuit
of
instant
success
in
science
C．remind
readers
of
the
principles
of
scientific
research
D．praise
the
award
winner
and
encourage
scientific
research
解析：选A　写作意图题。通读全文可知，作者首先告知大家屠呦呦获奖的消息，然后对此进行评论，故选A。
B
(2016·石家庄高三教学质检二)Almost
everybody
in
America
will
spend
a
part
of
his
or
her
life
behind
a
shopping
cart.
They
will
in
a
lifetime,
push
the
chrome plated_contraptions
many
miles.
But
few
will
know
—
or
even
think
to
ask
—
who
it
was
that
invented
them.
Sylvan
N.
Goldman
invented
the
shopping
cart
in
1937.
At
that
time
he
was
in
the
supermarket
business.
Every
day
he
would
see
shoppers
lugging
groceries
around
in
baskets
they
had
to
carry.
One
day
Goldman
suddenly
had
the
idea
of
putting
baskets
on
wheels.
The
wheeled
baskets
would
make
shopping
much
easier
for
his
customers,
and
would
help
to
attract
more
business.
On
June
4,
1937,
Goldman's
first
carts
were
ready
for
use
in
his
market.
He
was
terribly
excited
on
the
morning
of
that
day
as
customers
began
arriving.
He
couldn't
wait
to
see
them
using
his
invention.
But
Goldman
was
disappointed.
Most
shoppers
gave
the
carts
a
long
look,
but
hardly
anybody
would
give
them
a
try.
After
a
while,
Goldman
decided
to
ask
customers
why
they
weren't
using
his
carts.
“Don't
you
think
this
arm
is
strong
enough
to
carry
a
shopping
basket？”
one
shopper
replied.
But
Goldman
wasn't
beaten
yet.
He
knew
his
carts
would
be
a
great
success
if
only
he
could
persuade
people
to
give
them
a
try.
To
this
end,
Goldman
hired
a
group
of
people
to
push
carts
around
his
market
and
pretend
they
were
shopping!
Seeing
this,
the
real
customers
gradually
began
copying
the
phony
(假的)
customers.
As
Goldman
had
hoped,
the
carts
were
soon
attracting
larger
and
larger
numbers
of
customers
to
his
market.
But
not
only
did
more
people
come
—
those
who
came
bought
more.
With
larger
easier to handle
baskets,
customers
unconsciously
bought
a
greater
number
of
items
than
before.
Today's
shopping
carts
are
five
times
larger
than
Goldman's
original
model.
Perhaps
that's
one
reason
why
Americans
today
spend
more
than
five
times
as
much
money
on
food
each
year
as
they
did
before
1937
—
the
coming
of
the
shopping
cart.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了Goldman发明购物车的原因、经过和结果。
4．What
do
the
underlined
words
“chrome plated
contraptions”
in
the
first
paragraph
refer
to
A．Baskets.　　　　　　　
B．Private
cars.
C．Suitcases.
D．Shopping
carts.
解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“...
a
part
of
his
or
her
life
behind
a
shopping
cart.”可以得出，画线词的意思是购物手推车。
5．What
was
the
purpose
of
Goldman's
invention
A．It
was
to
prove
him
to
be
a
good
inventor.
B．It
was
to
reduce
the
burden
of
his
employees'
work.
C．It
was
to
make
shopping
easier
and
attract
more
business.
D．It
was
to
help
the
disabled
make
shopping
easily
in
his
market.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...
make
shopping
much
easier
for
his
customers,
and
would
help
to
attract
more
business.”可知，C项正确。
6．Goldman
hired
a
group
of
people
to
push
carts
around
his
market
in
order
to
________.
A．attract
people
to
buy
things
in
his
market
B．encourage
people
to
use
his
shopping
carts
C．make
his
market
different
from
the
others
D．keep
the
groceries
from
being
stolen
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“...
persuade
people
to
give
them
a
try.”可知，他雇一些人假装顾客在超市里面推购物车的目的是想鼓励人们使用他的购物车。
7．What
can
we
infer
from
the
last
paragraph
A．Goldman
will
become
very
famous
because
of
his
invention.
B．Goldman's
invention
will
be
regarded
as
the
greatest
one
in
the
world.
C．Supermarket
business
has
benefited
a
lot
from
Goldman's
invention.
D．There
will
be
nothing
that
can
replace
Goldman's
invention.
解析：选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，现今购物车是Goldman发明的购物车的五倍大，那就可能是美国人今天的购物花费是购物车发明之前的五倍的一个原因。由此可推断出，超市的生意从Goldman的发明中受益匪浅。
C
(2016·甘肃省高三第一次诊断)
Washington
D．C.
is
No.1
It
is
best
known
as
a
city
of
monument.
In
the
middle
of
traffic
circles
or
on
street
corners,
you'll
find
statues,
plaques
(匾牌),
and
simple
blocks
of
marble
there.
They
honor
the
people
who
helped
shape
the
US.
And
on
Oct.
20,
Lonely
Planet,
one
of
the
world's
largest
travel
guides,
named
Washington
D．C.
the
No.1
city
in
its
list
of
“Best
in
Travel
2015”．
“The
year
2015
is
a
fantastic
year
to
visit
Washington
D．C.，”
Tom
Hall,
editorial
director
of
Lonely
Planet,
told
The
Guardian.
“The
150th
anniversary
of
Abraham
Lincoln's
assassination
(暗杀)
makes
this
year
big
for
Washington
D．C.
The
famous
top
hat
of
America's
16th
president
and
the
gun
that
fired
the
deadly
shot
will
be
on
display.
Add
that
to
its
incredible
eats,
performing
arts
and
museums.
The
nation's
capital
is
looking
better
than
ever.”
There
are
a
lot
of
free
museums
in
the
city.
When
British
scientist
James
Smithson
died
in
1829,
he
left
a
will
giving
his
money
to
the
United
States
to
open
a
museum
at
Washington,
under
the
name
of
the
Smithsonian
Institution.
It
has
turned
out
to
be
a
wonderful
gift,
and
the
institution
now
covers
19
museums.
And
of
course,
no
Washington
tour
is
complete
without
seeing
the
White
House,
the
Capitol,
and
the
Supreme
Court,
which
are
home
to
the
three
pillars
(核心)
of
the
US
government.
But
there
is
more
to
explore
in
the
center
of
the
US
power.
It
is
a
city
you
can
walk
across,
with
wide open
avenues,
old
neighborhoods,
and
river
views.
And
as
USA_Today
notes,
diversity
is
another
reason
to
“fall
in
love
with
the
city”.
“There
is
a
lot
of
diversity
in
Washington
D．C.,
seen
in
its
people,
its
neighborhoods
and
its
landmarks.
From
Chinatown
to
Little
Ethiopia,
visiting
the
nation's
capital
is
like
seeing
the
world
in
one
trip，”
said
the
newspaper.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，列举了种种理由力证华盛顿是2015年最值得旅游参观的地方。
8．One
of
the
reasons
why
Washington
D．C.
is
worth
a
visit
in
2015
is
that
________.
A．food
and
performing
arts
there
are
much
better
than
anywhere
else
in
the
world
B．the
top
hat
of
15th
president
of
America
will
be
on
show
in
the
year
2015
C．seeing
the
museums
will
make
your
tour
in
Washington
D．C.
complete
D．the
diversity
of
the
city
offers
you
an
opportunity
to
see
more
in
one
trip
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“diversity
is
another
reason
to
‘fall
in
love
with
the
city’”和“From
Chinatown
to
...
in
one
trip”可知，多元化的华盛顿可以让你在一次旅行中看到更多，故选D项。
9．Which
of
the
following
details
is
RIGHT
according
to
the
article
A．The
150th
anniversary
of
Lincoln's
assassination
makes
the
tour
more
worthwhile.
B．The
first
reason
why
Washington
D．C.
is
worth
a
visit
is
that
it
is
the
capital
of
the
country.
C．Lonely
Planet
decides
to
make
Washington
D．C.
a
most visited
place
in
2015.
D．All
the
museums
in
Washington
D．C.
were
named
after
the
Smithsonian
Institution.
解析：选A　正误判断题。根据第三段中的“The
150th
anniversary
of
Abraham
Lincoln's
assassination
(暗杀)
makes
this
year
big
for
Washington
D．C.”可知，林肯被刺杀150周年纪念将成为华盛顿旅游的一大亮点，故A项正确；B项文章中并未提到华盛顿值得一游的第一个原因是它是美国的首都；C项歪曲原文，《孤独星球》的编辑主任介绍了2015年华盛顿的情况，但并不是他们决定让华盛顿成为2015年最值得旅游的城市；D项说所有的博物馆太过绝对。
10．What
is
USA
Today
according
to
the
last
paragraph
A．A
well known
company.
B．A
newspaper.
C．An
advanced
institution.
D．A
website.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“And
as
USA_Today
notes
...
said
the
newspaper.”可知，USA
Today
是一份报纸。