课件32张PPT。第27讲 名词和冠词广西专用外研版名 词 名词是中考考查的重点，考查内容主要为：
1．可数名词单、复数变化规则及其用法；
2．不可数名词量的表示方法；
3．名词所有格的使用方法；
4．名词作主语时主谓一致问题；
5．名词词义的辨析。高频考向一 名词辨析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确地掌握其意义，然后做出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地的欢迎。
【例1】 During the next few days，I decide to have a good ________ by taking a walk or seeing a movie.I really need to relax.(2017，百色预测)
A．meal B．sleep C．rest
解析：考查名词词义辨析。by taking a walk or seeing a movie“通过散步或者看电影”，散步、看电影都是放松的方式，所以正确答案是rest(休息)。meal餐；一顿饭，sleep睡觉，均不合语境。
答案：____C【例2】—Why didn't Lucy go to your birthday party last night?
—She said that she was busy preparing for the exams，but that was only a(n) ________.I saw her going to a movie with her friend at that time.(2016，乌鲁木齐)
A．matter B．excuse C．result D．reason
解析：matter意为“事情；问题”；excuse意为“理由；借口”；result意为“结果”；reason意为“理由；原因”。由空格后的句意“在那时我看到她和她的朋友去看电影了”可知，空格所在句句意为“她说她忙于准备考试，但那只是个借口”。
答案：____B高频考向二 名词的数
名词分可数名词与不可数名词两类。可数名词有单、复数变化形式。a用于以辅音音素开头的单数名词前，an用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。如：an uncle，a university，an honest man，an hour，a useful book，an apple等。可数名词的复数可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种情况：
1．可数名词复数的规则变化【注意】giraffe→giraffes
bamboo→bamboos
kangaroo→kangaroos
2．可数名词复数的不规则变化
①元音或词尾发生变化。如：
man→men，woman→women，Frenchman→Frenchmen，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children
②单复数形式相同。如：
sheep(绵羊)→sheep，fish(鱼的条数) →fish，Chinese(中国人)→Chinese，Japanese(日本人)→Japanese，deer(鹿)→deer③形式为单数，意思为复数。如：
people，police
④视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：
family，class，team，group
⑤形式为复数，意思为单数。如：
news，maths，physics，the United States
⑥只用复数形式。如：
pants，shorts，clothes，glasses (眼镜)
⑦由man，woman构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man，woman都变成复数。如：
man driver→men drivers，woman teacher→women teachers3．不可数名词
不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词，它们一般没有复数形式。如果要表示不可数名词的数量则要借助于“a＋量词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，变复数时把a变为具体数词，量词变为复数形式。如：
a bowl of water一碗水；two cups of tea两杯茶
初中阶段常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，tea，milk，food，fruit，meat，fish(鱼肉)，chicken(鸡肉)，beef，mutton，orange(橙汁)，sugar，salt，paper(纸)，porridge，bread，sand，juice，news，music，time(时间)，information，fun，advice等。
【注意】①有些名词既可作不可数名词，又可作可数名词，如：time(时间/次数，倍数)，fish(鱼肉/鱼)，room(空间/房间)，noise(噪音/响声)，paper(纸/试卷，文件)，chicken(鸡肉/鸡)，experience(经验/经历)
②表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用much，(a)little，a lot of，some，any等修饰。常用it来替代。【例3】 Help yourself to some ________，Jim.(2016，柳州)
A．potato B．fish C．egg
解析：考查名词的数。由句中some可知，此处可用可数名词复数或不可数名词，potato，egg是可数名词，应用复数形式，fish是不可数名词。
答案：____
【例4】 All the ________ are from ________.(2017，南宁预测)
A．men doctors；Germany B．men doctors；German
C．man doctors；Germany D．man doctor；German
解析：句意为“所有的男医生都来自德国。”man doctor(男医生)复数的正确表达是men doctors；Germany意为“德国”；German意为“德国人；德国的”。
答案：____BA高频考向三 名词所有格
①有生命的事物的名词所有格，一般在词尾加“'s”。如：
It's my mother's handbag.这是我妈妈的手提包。
②以-s或-es结尾的名词末尾只加“'”。有些表示时间、距离、国家、城镇等无生命的事物的名词，也可以加“'s”构成所有格。如：
It's only twenty minutes' walk.这只是步行20分钟的路程。
Who won the girls' 100-metre race？谁赢了女子100米赛跑？
③不以-s或-es结尾的复数名词末尾仍要加“'s”。如：Where's the People's Hospital，please？请问人民医院在哪儿？
It's the policemen's bedroom.这是男警察宿舍。④表示两个或多个人共同拥有的人或物时，只需在并列名词的后一个名词词尾加“'s”。若表示两者各自所拥有时，则每个名词后均加“'s”。如：
Lily and Lucy's father is a worker.莉莉和露西的父亲是工人。
Lily's and Lucy's fathers are both workers.莉莉的父
亲和露西的父亲都是工人。
⑤有些名词(如：诊所、家、店铺等)的所有格后面加“'s”后，可以省去表示相关处所的名词。如：
the doctor's(医生诊所)，Mr. White's(怀特先生家)，the book-seller's(书店)。
⑥of所有格主要用于无生命的事物。如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
⑦既表示所属关系又表示数量时要用双重所有格。如：
an old friend of my uncle's，a photo of Jim's family。【例5】 ________ desk is long and wide.They like it very much.(2017，百色预测)
A．Sonia's and Jane's B．Sonia and Jane's
C．Sonia and Jane
解析：A项表示两个人各自的桌子，后应接复数名词；B项表示两个人共有的桌子，后接单数名词；C项不可以直接作定语。
答案：____B【例6】 I live near the station.It's only about five ________ walk.(2016，龙东)
A．minute's B．minute
C．minutes' D．minutes
解析：后半句“大约五分钟的步行路程”可知，此处应用名词所有格形式。minute为可数名词，在基数词后应使用复数形式minutes，以-s结尾的复数名词直接在词尾加“'”构成所有格形式。
答案：____C冠 词 中考中对冠词的考查主要为：
1．冠词的基本用法；
2．零冠词的情况；
3．习惯用语中冠词的位置及使用。高频考向一 不定冠词a，an
①不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词前，而a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：
an apple 一个苹果，an hour一小时
a book一本书，a university一所大学
②泛指某一类人或物。如：
A horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
③表示数量“一”，但语气没有one强。如：
I would like a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。
④用在文中第一次提到某人或某物时。如：
—What's this？这是什么？
—It's a bike.这是一辆自行车。⑤用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：
three times a week每周三次
⑥用于某些固定短语中。如：
a lot of许多，have a cold感冒，have a good time玩得高兴/过得愉快，in a hurry匆忙，take a bus乘坐公共汽车【例1】 Edward and William are brothers.There is ________ uncommon similarity between ________ two boys.(2016，苏州)
A．an；不填 B．an；the C．a；不填 D．a；the
解析：第一个设空处表达的意思是“罕见的相似性”表泛指，其中形容词uncommon的发音/?n?k?m?n/是以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an；第二个设空处表示“那两个男孩”，是特指，所以用定冠词the。
答案：____B【例2】—What do you want to be when you grow up?
—I want to be ________ engineer.(2016，北海)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
解析：考查不定冠词的用法。engineer是以元音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词an。
答案：____
【例3】 As we know，England is ________ European country and Singapore is ________ Asian country.(2017，南宁预测)
A．an；an B．an；a C．a；a D．a；an
解析：本题考查不定冠词a和an的用法区别。European以辅音音素开头，其前应用a；而Asian以元音音素开头，其前应用an。
答案：____BD高频考向二 定冠词the
①谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：
The girl is Lucy's sister.这个女孩是露西的妹妹。
②用于特指某人或某物。如：
The man in the car is my teacher.坐在小汽车里的那个人是我的老师。
③用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
④用在乐器名称前。如：
She is playing the piano.她正在弹钢琴。
⑤用在序数词或形容词的最高级前。如：
Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆在他班上个子最高。⑥用在姓氏的复数前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。如：
The Browns are having dinner.布朗一家正在吃晚饭。
⑦用在上文已提到的人或物前。如：
Nancy has a cat.The cat is very cute.南希有一只猫。这只猫很可爱。
⑧用在表示海洋、江河、山脉、群岛、国家和党派等名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：
the Huai River淮河，the United Kingdom英国，the Great Wall长城
⑨用在某些形容词前表示一类人。如：
the old老人，the young年轻人，the rich富人，the poor 穷人⑩用于“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”及“the＋比较级＋of＋两者”的句型中。如：
The more he thinks of it，the sadder he will be.他越想越难过。
Maria is the thinner of the two girls.玛丽亚是两个女孩中较瘦的那一个。
?the用于表示“某个世纪的某个年代”的结构中。如：
in the 1980s 20世纪80年代
?用在某些固定短语中。如：
at the age of在……岁时；all the time一直；by the way顺便说一下；in the end最后；终于；in the morning在早上；on the right在右边；in the middle of在……中间【例4】 The Whites have planned to visit ________ Great Wall in China.(2017，百色预测)
A．the B．an C．a D．/
解析：长城是世界上独一无二的事物，其前应加the。
答案：____
【例5】We should often help ________ poor.(2017，柳州模拟)
A．a B．不填 C．the
解析：形容词前加定冠词the，表示一类人，句意：我们应当经常帮助穷人。
答案：____AC【例6】 There is a pencil on the floor.________ pencil is Peter's.(2016，贺州)
A．A B．An C．The D．/
解析：第二句中的pencil是指前文提到的那支铅笔，其前应用定冠词the。
答案：____
【例7】—What did you do last night，Bob?
—First I did my homework，and then I played ________ piano for half ________ hour.(2016，黄石)
A．the；a B．/；an C．the；an D．a；the
解析：第一空设在乐器名称前，习惯上加定冠词the；第二空表示“半小时”，即一小时的一半，涉及不定冠词a/an的用法，hour以元音音素开头，其前用冠词an。
答案：____CC高频考向三 零冠词
①复数名词和不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时前面不用冠词。如：
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
②在某些专有名词前不用冠词，如国名、人名等。如：
China has a long history.中国拥有悠久的历史。
③在星期、日期、月份、季节、节日前不用冠词。如：
In China，October 1st is National Day.在中国，十月一日是国庆节。
【注意】若特指某年的某月或某季节时，则要在月份、季节前加定冠词the。如：
In the winter of 2010，he moved to China.在2010年的冬天，他搬到了中国。④在三餐、球类运动及娱乐活动的名词之前不用冠词。如：
He went to school without breakfast this morning.
他今天早晨没有吃早饭就去上学了。
David likes playing basketball.戴维喜欢打篮球。
⑤当名词前有this，that，these，those，every，his，your，some，any等限定词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：
Jenny's sister is my friend.珍妮的妹妹是我的朋友。
Those students often play football after school.那些学生放学后经常踢足球。
⑥在表示职位和称呼的名词前不用冠词。如：
He was elected manager of our company last year.去年他当选为我们公司的经理。⑦与by连用的表示交通工具的名词前不用冠词。如：
by bus坐公共汽车，by train坐火车
【注意】动词take或介词in，on后接表示交通工具的名词时，名词前要加冠词。如：
take a bus坐公共汽车，on a/the bus坐公共汽车，in a/the car乘小汽车
⑧在某些习惯用语中。如：
go to school去上学，at home在家，on time按时，in trouble陷入困境，on foot步行，in silence沉默；无声【例8】Li Na started playing ________ tennis at the age of six.She is one of ________ best women tennis players in the world.(原创题)
A．the；the B．a；/ C．/；the D．the；/
解析：球类名词前不能用任何冠词；形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。
答案：____
【例9】 I usually ride ________ bike to school.But this morning，I went to school by ________ bus.(2016，泰安)
A．a；the B．the；a C．不填；a D．a；不填
解析：ride a bike意为“骑自行车”；“by＋交通工具名词”是固定结构，表示“乘坐某种交通工具”，by bus意为“乘公共汽车”。
答案：____CD【例10】Miss Zhang will go to America for important meeting next month.(2016，百色模拟)
A．an；an B．/；an
C．/；a D．an；the
解析：表示国家的专有名词前不能用冠词；第二个空表示泛指，且其后单词以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。
答案：____B考点跟踪突破27 名词和冠词
名 词
1．—Can I help you?
—Yes，please.I need a pair of __A__．(2016，贵港)
A．shoes B．T-shirts C．sweaters D．bags
2．—What would you like for breakfast?
—I'd like __B__．(2016，贵港)
A．tomato noodle B．tomato noodles
C．tomatoes noodle D．tomatoes noodles
3．—There are many __C__ about this farm.
—Yes，lots of ________ are planted on it.(2016，来宾)
A．photo；potato B．photos；potatos
C．photos；potatoes D．photoes；potatoes
4．These __D__ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.(2016，南宁)
A．man B．men C．woman D．women
5．—How many __C__ are there in the basket，Andy?
—Five.(2016，梧州)
A．rice B．pear C．bananas D．bread
6．Our school has fifty-six __B__ teachers.(2016，绥化)21cnjy.com
A．woman B．women C．woman's
7．—How far is your home from school?
—About __B__ walk.(2016，龙东)
A．five minute's B．five minutes'
C．five minutes
8．I think eating __A__ is good for health.(2016，永州)www.21-cn-jy.com
A．tomatoes B．bananaes
C．egges
9．It's sports time.Most __A__ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.(2016，重庆)2·1·c·n·j·y
A．boy B．boys C．boy's D．boys'
10．—What would you like to eat?
—Some __A__，please.(2016，铜仁)
A．bread B．cake C．coffee D．tea
11．—Why do people never cut up the __C__ on their birthdays？(2016，东营)
—Because they are a symbol of long life.
A．eggs B．cakes
C．noodles D．dumplings
12．—Are all the students in your class from__B__？
—No, there are only three ________ in our class. The others are from other countries.(2017·南宁预测)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A．Germany；Germen B．Germany；Germans
C．German；Germans D．German；Germany
13．Nancy took her temperature and found she had a __D__.(2016，青岛)
A．cough B．toothache C．cold D．fever
14．—Excuse me.Is there a __C__ near here？I want to buy some drinks.(2016，济南)
—Yes.Go along the street，and it's on your left.
A．zoo B．school
C．supermarket D．museum
15．If you don't know the __B__ to the science museum，here is a map of the city.(2016，云南)21·世纪*教育网
A．date B．way C．price D．time
16．Some old people need a __C__ because they feel lonely.(2016，江西)
A．gift B．stick C．pet D．watch
17．—Are you going out with Jade tonight?
—That's my __B__．Mind your own！(2016，河南)
A．offer B．business C．question D．chance
18．—Look！So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.(2016，襄阳)
—They're for public.This __C__ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city.
A．number B．pair C．kind D．piece
19．—Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies？(2016，鄂州)
—Please follow the __D__ on the cookbook.
A．direction B．attention
C．introduction D．instruction
20．—A study shows that good habits play a very important __B__ in children's education.
—I think so.(2016，襄阳模拟)
A．sense B．part
C．reason D．meaning
21．—Tom，never let others know what I told you today.21·cn·jy·com
—Don't worry.I will keep the __B__．
A．message B．secret C．news D．habit
22．—I'd like to buy an apartment in the city.
—Work hard，and your __A__ will come true one day.(2017，百色预测)
A．dream B．opinion
C．agreement D．suggestion
23．After his teacher had a face-to-face talk with him, Paul realised his __B__ and tried to correct them.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A．discussions B．mistakes
C．ideas D．answers
冠 词
1．—What is this?
—It's __C__ pencil.(2016，柳州)
A．the B．an C．a
2．—Hello，Nancy.What's this in English?
—It's __B__ egg.(2016，梧州)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
3．—It's __A__ hot day today，isn't it?
—Yes，it is.(2016，钦州)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
4．I have __D__ European pen friend，and he likes playing ________ guitar.(2016，来宾)
A．an；/ B．an；the C．a；/ D．a；the
5．—Do you know how to spell __B__ word “napkin” in English?21世纪教育网版权所有
—Yes.It begins with ________ “n”．(2016，玉林)
A．the；a B．the；an C．a；the D．the；the
6．To be __B__ good dancer，you need to learn more.(2016，成都)
A．the B．a C．an
7．I find __A__ pen on the ground.Whose is ________ pen？(2016，永州)
A．a；the B．the；a C．a；a
8．—Did you have __A__ good time yesterday?
—Yeah，I really had ________ fun at the party.(2016，菏泽)2-1-c-n-j-y
A．a；/ B．a；the C．/；the
9．—When is Father's Day in the United States?
—It's on __B__ third Sunday in June.(2016，郴州)
A．a B．the C．/
10．There is __C__“h” in the word “hour”，and the “h” doesn't make ________ sound.(2016，自贡)21*cnjy*com
A．an；a B．a；any C．an；any
11．__B__ apple a day keeps the doctor away.(2016，济宁)【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A．A B．An C．The D．/
12．—My daughter seldom has __A__ dinner.
—It is ________ unhealthy habit.You must ask her to change it.(2016，米泉)
A．/；an B．the；an C．/；a D．a；/
13．—Do you know __A__ woman in red?
—Yes，she is a professor of ________ Anshun College.(2016，安顺)
A．the；/ B．a；/ C．the；an D．the；the
14．I have __A__ pet cat.It is so cute.(2016，河北)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
15．—What can I do for you，sir?
—I want __A__ iPhone 6s plus for my wife as ________ useful gift.(2016，呼和浩特)
A．an；a B．a；an C．an；the D．a；a
16．—What did you do last night，Bob?
—First I did my homework，and then I played __C__ piano for half ________ hour.(2016，黄石)21教育网
A．the；a B．/；an C．the；an D．a；the
17．We will have __A__ reading festival this term，and we can't wait for it.(2016，长春)
A．a B．an C．the D．/
18．—Mary，who's the man over there？(2016，十堰)
—He's my uncle，__C__ English teacher.
A．the B．a C．an D．/
19．—Dong Guijun is __C__ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.【出处：21教育名师】
—He is ________ pride of me.(2016，连云港)
A．the；/ B．a；the C．the；the D．a；/
20．—Would you please turn off __C__ TV?
—OK，just a minute.(2016，威海)
A．a B．an C．the
21．Many teenagers think Guo Jingming is one of __C__ greatest writers nowadays in China.
A．a B．an C．the D．/
22．My cousin went abroad to study at __A__ age of eighteen.【版权所有：21教育】
A．the B．an C．a D．/
23．—Where do __A__ Smiths spend their weekends?
—They often go to play on ________ same beach.(2016，安徽模拟)
A．the；the B．a；the
C．the；an D．a；an
24．—What __A__ heavy snow it is!
—Yes, I love ________ fresh air after it snows.
A．a；the B．the；a C．the；the D．a；a
25．China, __D__ home of tea，has ________ history of more than 5，000 years.
A．the；the B．a；a C．a；the D．the；a
