2017版广西地区外研版中考第二轮英语总复习课件+检测(第43讲完形填空)

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名称 2017版广西地区外研版中考第二轮英语总复习课件+检测(第43讲完形填空)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2016-12-27 13:34:19

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课件24张PPT。第43讲 完形填空广西专用外研版“完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点,既考查了词语搭配、近义词辨析、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等,又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。同学们只要具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力,就能适应这一题型。
(一)“完形填空”题要求填入的词:
1.语法结构所要求的功能词。如:连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。
2.具有语法变化的普通词。如:动词的时态、语态、语气,名词的数,代词的格,形容词和副词的等级等。
3.固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。
4.同义词、近义词等易混淆词。
5.根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。(二)“完形填空”题解题策略:
1.解题前要通读全文,领悟大意。
完形填空常以文章或段落的形式出现,因此,通读全文,把握文章整体大意尤为重要。很多同学为了省时间,只看选项,不看文章。不看上下文,不寻找文章中句子与句子的关系,结果做出来的答案往往是错误的。
2.解题时要全面考虑,确定选项。
完形填空有些答案的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和句子结构等角度考虑均行得通,但由于文章是一个完整的统一体,词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系,因此考生还要从上下文中寻找有关的信息,对文章的情节进行逻辑推理,抓住含有关键信息的词语,理顺句子之间的关系,从而确定正确的答案。其具体做法如下:?重视首句,寻求信息
完形填空本是一篇残缺的文章,留下首句可以帮助考生了解文章的主题,可以了解短文的概貌与作者的意图。要充分利用首句的标示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,从而展开思维。
【例1】 At my primary school,I was one of the smartest kids there.I never ________,but always got near prefect scores on all my tests.(2016,厦门,29)
A.forgot   B.studied   C.regretted  
解析:首句句意为“在上小学时,我是最聪明的孩子之一。”由此可知,下句应为“我从不学习,但在考试中几乎都得满分。”
答案:____BFew people like changing their habits,good or bad.Whether it is smoking,drinking or over-eating,they ________ “enjoying” them to the end.(2015,苏州,16)
( )1.A.stop B.continue
C.finish D.avoid
 ?明辨褒贬语境,判断是非
几乎每篇完形填空的语境都有一定的褒贬性,这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理、情绪状态和作者的写作意图,因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断,从而在吃透文章并准确理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息,找出能反映语境褒贬性的标志性词语或句子,大胆预测下文。B【例2】 On my first day at school,the other kids made fun of me because of my hearing aid and the way I talked.I was hurt deeply and I saw myself as a(n) ________ kid.(2016,长沙,34)
A.ugly B.smart C.handsome
解析:由关键词“made fun of me”和“I was hurt deeply”可知,“我”把我自己看成一个“丑陋”的孩子。
答案:____AMs. Tu went through about 40 failures before she succeeded.But she never __2__ and always fought on.(2016,达州,40)
( )2.A.ate up B.gave up
C.took up D.made up
 ?巧用平行结构,判断逻辑
平行结构指的是结构相同或相似、意思密切关联、语气一致的句子或短语组成串排列的语言现象。平行结构形式上整齐匀称,内容上联系紧密。命题者常从平行结构的句式相同或相似这一角度,利用其意义上的关联和对比这一特点来设题。了解这一点可大大提高解题效率。B【例3】All the family members were ________ and helpful,and they made me feel at home at once.(2016,随州,51)
A.serious B.friendly
C.famous D.expensive
解析:该题中第一个and连接两个形容词,与helpful构成平行结构的单词应为friendly。句意为“所有的家庭成员都友善且乐于助人。他们马上让我觉得如身处家中。”
答案:____BFinally,I stopped in the air.I spread my arms wide,laughing loudly and __3__.The workers pulled me up,smiling at me.(2015,长沙,40)
( )3.A.sadly   B.angrily     C.proudly
I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and __4__.(2015,宁波,27)
( )4.A.gifts B.pains
C.dialogs D.mistakes
 ?结合常识,明辨真伪
结合各类生活常识和科学常识,选择出正确且符合逻辑的选项。对于这类题,考生平时要做生活中的有心人,留心各种社会现象,积累丰富的生活知识。CB【例4】 We can't force life to follow our wishes.The earth won't ________ turning whether we accept it or not.
A.stop B.keep C.start
解析:句意为“我们不能强迫生活遵循我们的愿望。无论我们是否接受,地球都不会停止转动。”
答案:____AIt read “Dear Marie,I love you always.Miss you a lot.Don't forget me.Be __5__!Love,Mom.” That day,I cried.(2015,宁波,30)
( )5.A.serious  B.happy C.patient D.strict
 ?熟练语法和固定搭配,轻松解题
对语法、固定搭配等基础知识的考查也是完形填空的命题角度之一。对于这种题,考生除了要注意平时的积累外,还要针对语法结构、句式特点、短文设空中需填的词在句中作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等进行分析,从而解决问题。B【例5】A month after he was born,his mother noticed that his eyes weren't as ________ as a normal baby's.(2016,孝感,36)
A.big B.bigger
C.biggest D.the biggest
解析:考查形容词的等级及用法。此处是“as+adj./adv.+as...”结构,表示“和……一样……”,其中adj.或adv.应用原级。
答案:____ALast week,students at Rosie Bridge School worked hard to make their English Week very successful.
There __6__ a lot of activities including an English book fair in the library and a treasure hunt.(2015,沈阳,16)
( )6.A.are B.were C.is D.wasB ?多方推断,寻求线索
完形填空所提供的是一篇具有完整意义的短文,其段与段、句与句、甚至词与词之间都有不可分割的、千丝万缕的联系。因此考生在做题时不要只注意设空处所在的短句或段落,还要善于从上下文中寻找相关的提示信息。考生可利用正向推断法、逆向推断法和正逆向联合推断法寻找相关信息。
·正向推断法要求考生利用已知信息推断下文未知信息,当然这里所指的已知信息包括设空处近处或远处的信息。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文内容,弄清事实,并思考下文的发展方向,从而推断下文的未知信息。
·逆向推断法要求考生利用下文已知信息反向推断上文未知信息。当利用上文已知信息无法准确推断下文未知信息时,不能着急,应沉着冷静地阅读下文,看下文哪些事实或细节是上文未知信息的延伸和发展,并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。
·在有些情况下,空格处未知信息既不能单独由上文已知信息正向推断而出,也不能单独由下文反向推断而出,而需要考生利用其上下文已知信息联合推断而出。考生应认真阅读并分析上下文,看哪些细节或事实与空格处有联系,并由此推断出空格处的未知信息。?正向推断法
【例6】 As children they were never bored because there was always ________ to do on the farm.(2016,绵阳,22)
A.nothing B.everything
C.something D.anything
解析:由句中“they were never bored”可知,因为在农场总有一些事可做。
答案:____CThe fire burnt Noah's neck,arms and faces.As a result,he was __7__ for a month.(2016,绵阳,33)
( )7.A.on vacation B.at home
C.in hospital D.at work
It seemed that the storm meant nothing to her.She sat on her seat reading a book.Sometimes she closed her eyes,then she would read again,with no __8__ or fear in her eyes.(2015,河南,40)
( )8.A.pride B.worry
C.anger D.regretCB?逆向推断法
【例7】 It was a sunny and enjoyable day.Everyone in the ________ station was waiting for the train to arrive.(2016,宁波,16)
A.railway B.bus
C.police D.television
解析:由下文中“waiting for the train to arrive”可知大家都在火车站。
答案:____AIt was a Sunday morning,and I was in a __9__ mood (情绪).Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and didn't invite me.(2015,山西,31)
( )9.A.good   B.terrible     C.peaceful
He raised a glass of water and asked them,“How __10__ do you think this glass of water is?”...Their answers are different,from 20g to 500g.(2015,河北,41)
( )10.A.heavy B.full
C.much D.longBA?正逆向联合推断法
【例8】 Just then a young man jumped out of a car and asked if I was Jenny.Then we ________ to the bungee jumping place.I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(2015,长沙,34)
A.walked    B.ran      C.drove
解析:由上句中的“out of a car”以及下句“I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.(透过车窗,我被路边的景色惊呆了)”可知,我们是开车去的。
答案:____CA man feared his wife wasn't hearing as well as she used to and he thought she might need some hearing aid (助听).Not quite sure how to __11__ her,he called the family doctor to discuss the problem.(2016,河南,36)
( )11.A.save B.help
C.face D.guide
Do you ever watch old movies?Maybe you will see one with Carole Lombard.She was a famous __12__ in the 1930s.She died when she was only 34.In her short life she made 70 movies.(2015,天津,41)
( )12.A.nurse B.actress
C.doctor D.teacherBB ?复读全文,检验答案
把填充后的短文反复阅读一两遍,逐一检查、核对所选答案是否符合短文中心思想及上下文要求,并确保没有不符合语言规范、不符合语法规则的选项。
很多同学做完形填空题存在一个误区,把很多的时间放到四个选项的比较上,这会降低解题效率。正确做法应是:
①顺藤摸瓜,首先是藤,你拿到文章之后要重点读第一句。
②瞻前顾后,在文章空格的上下文处,你觉得这个地方需要什么词,带着这个目的在四个选项里找。
③顾全大局,做一道题时应该在段落里面理解整句话。
④认清细节,比如考固定搭配的题。
总之要想成功突破完形填空必须做到:研读首尾,抓主题;上下联系,寻信息;左顾右盼,找搭配;思前想后,觅逻辑;语境分析,辨词义;回读检查,补漏洞。