课件27张PPT。第31讲 动词和动词短语广西专用外研版动词与动词短语是中考考查的重点之一。在语境中考查考生对基础知识的掌握程度越来越受到重视。考查的范围有：行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词或动词及动词短语的辨析。
大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
1．第三人称单数形式的构成
①一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加-s或-es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同。②不规则变化的有have—has等。
2．现在分词的构成3.过去式和过去分词的构成
①规则变化②不规则变化需单独记忆。高频考向一 实义动词词义辨析
实义动词：本身有词义，能独立作谓语，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1．及物动词
及物动词后面要跟宾语才能使句意完整。如love，need，want等。它主要用于三种句型中：
①动词＋宾语 如：
I bought some books yesterday.我昨天买了一些书。(bought后有宾语books，为及物动词)
②动词＋宾语＋宾补
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语2．不及物动词
①不及物动词本身有完整的意思，后不需接宾语。如：
He always studies hard.他一直努力学习。(study后无宾语，为不及物动词)
②若不及物动词需要带宾语，其后需加适当的介词，才可以跟宾语。
③有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：
She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)【例1】 Don't ________ the chance when you can catch it，or you will regret.(2016，孝感)
A．guess B．miss C．remember D．allow
解析：由语境可知句意为“当你可以抓住机会的时候，不要错过，否则你会后悔的”。guess“猜”；miss“错过”；remember“记住”；allow“允许”。
答案：____
【例2】 —When will Mr. Green ________ Beijing?
—In a week.(2016，贵港)
A．reach B．get C．arrive D．come
解析：reach是及物动词，arrive为不及物动词，后接at/in构成及物动词短语，get后接to构成及物动词短语。由空格后的Beijing可知，应用及物动词。
答案：____BA【例3】 —How is George now?
—I hear the manager ________ him a good job，but he refused it.(2016，泰安)
A．showed B．offered C．passed D．paid
解析：show意为“出示；指给……看”；offer意为“主动提供”；pass意为“通过”；pay意为“付款”。由but he refused it(但他拒绝了)可知，前一句句意为“我听说经理给他提供了一份不错的工作”。
答案：____B高频考向二 系动词和助动词的用法
1．系动词
本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与表语一起构成谓语。用来表示主语状态的系动词只有be(am，is，are，was，were)；用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度的系动词有keep，stay，remain，stand等；表象系动词有look，seem，appear等；表示人的感觉的系动词有feel，smell，sound，taste等；表变化的系动词有become，get，grow，turn等。
2．助动词
本身无意义或意义不完整，不能独立用作谓语。它须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等。常用助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和shall等。【例4】When spring comes，trees begin to ________ green.(2016，重庆)
A．sound B．taste C．keep D．turn
解析：sound意为“听起来”；taste意为“尝起来”；keep意为“保持”；turn意为“变得”。由上文“当春天来临时”可推知，树开始“变”绿了。
答案：____
【例5】 The air ________ fresh after the rain.And the sky is blue.(2016，河北)
A．feels B．tastes C．smells D．sounds
解析：feel意为“摸起来”；taste意为“有……味道”；smell意为“有……气味，发出……气味”；sound意为“听起来”。结合常理及逻辑可知，下雨后空气应是闻起来新鲜，即有新鲜的气味。
答案：____DC【例6】—Do you like watching TV?
—No，but my brother________.(2017，柳州预测)
A．does B．do C．is D．likes
解析：通常我们用助动词替代上文提到的动词，以避免重复。my brother为第三人称单数，故“does”符合题意。
答案：____A高频考向三 情态动词的用法
情态动词有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，须与动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度和语气。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。
1．can(could)
①表能力，could为can的过去时。can与be able to的意义基本相同。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而be able to能用于各种时态。
②表可能性。
③表许可。口语中可代替may。
④can't表有把握的否定判断，意为“不可能”。
could在口语中，常代替can来向对方比较委婉客气地提出请求或表示看法。此时could不表示过去时。2．may(might)
①用来征求对方意见，意为“可以”。口语性较强。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
②表猜测和对可能性的判断，意为“可能；也许”。might可以指过去时间；也可指现在时间，语气更加不肯定。
3．must
①表说话人的主观意志，意为“必须，应该”。无时态变化。其否定答语常用needn't或don't have to，意为“不必”。
【注意】have to意为“不得不；必须”，主要强调受到外界客观因素的迫使。它可用于多种时态，且有人称和数的变化。②must的否定形式为mustn't，意为“不许；一定不要”，表示禁止和告诫。
③表示对事物的推测，意为“想必；一定”，只用于肯定句。且比may的语气要肯定得多。
4．would
作情态动词时，无人称限制，表意愿，常与like，love连用。
5．should
①表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。
②表推测，意为“想必一定；照说应该；估计”等。【例7】 —Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.
—That's too bad.Everyone ________ be a book lover.Reading is more enjoyable.(2016，山西)
A．may B．should C．would
解析：考查情态动词。句意为“每个人应该成为读书爱好者。”may“可能”，would“将要”，均不符合。
答案：____B【例8】—What does Justin Bieber's song Never Say Never impress you most?
—It tells us that we ________ do almost anything if we never give up.(2016，苏州)
A．can B．have to
C．should D．need
解析：考查情态动词。can“可以；能够”；have to“不得不”；should“应该”；need“需要”。答句句意为“它告诉我们，如果我们不放弃，我们就能做任何事情。”
答案：____A【例9】—Do you have any plans for this Sunday?
—I'm not sure.I ________ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.(2017，百色预测)
A．can B．must C．may D．need
解析：由答语中关键信息“not sure(不确定)”可推测出，后面一句所谈的活动安排只是一种可能。
答案：____
【例10】 —Must I do the dishes now?
—No，you ________.(2017，百色预测)
A．mustn't B．needn't C．may not D．can't
解析：以must引导的疑问句，其否定回答用needn't，意为“没必要”。
答案：____CB【例11】—What should we do to protect the fish in the river?
—We ________ throw rubbish into the river.(2016，沈阳)
A．need B．needn't
C．must D．mustn't
解析：need意为“需要”；needn't意为“不必”；must意为“必须”；mustn't意为“不许；一定不要”。由问句句意“我们应该做什么来保护河里的鱼？”可知，答语意为“我们一定不能向河里扔垃圾。”
答案：____D高频考向四 动词短语
动词短语指动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成的固定短语。其意义与原来动词的意思不同。
1．动词短语的分类：
①动词＋介词
arrive in(at)，ask for，begin with，be from，come from，get to，laugh at，look for，send for，wait for
②及物动词＋副词
find out，give up，look up (查找)，put on，pick up，ring up，take off (脱下)，take away，turn on，turn off，think over，cut off
③不及物动词＋副词
get up，go on，grow up，set off，stand up，take off(起飞)【例12】It's very dark here.Please ________ the light.(2016，钦州)
A．turn back B．turn down
C．turn on D．turn off
解析：由前句句意“这儿太黑了”可知，说话者想要对方打开灯。turn on the light意为“打开灯”。
答案：____
【例13】—You aren't supposed to smoke in public.It's bad for our health.(2017，南宁预测)
—Sorry，I will ________ my cigarette right now.
A．give up B．put down C．put out D．give away
解析：give up意为“放弃”；put down意为“放下，记下”；put out意为“扑灭；熄灭”；give away意为“赠送”。根据第一个人说的“你不应该在公共场所吸烟，它对我们的健康不利”可推知，第二个人应表示抱歉并要把烟“熄灭”。
答案：____CC【例14】Many teenagers ________ the old and they often offer their seats to them on buses.(2016，孝感)
A．depend on B．care for
C．laugh at D．listen to
解析：由后半句“他们经常在公车上给这些人让座”可知，前半句句意应为“许多青少年关心老人”。depend on“依靠”；care for“关心”；laugh at“嘲笑”；listen to“听”。
答案：____B【例15】Don't worry！I'm sure you'll ______ your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them.(2016，呼和浩特)
A．catch up with B．be pleased with
C．get on well with D．agree with
解析：A项意为“赶上”；B项意为“对……满意”；C项意为“和……相处融洽”；D项意为“同意”。下文文意“如果你对他们善良、友好”可知，前面表示“我确信你会与你的同班同学相处融洽”。
答案：____C考点跟踪突破31 动词和动词短语
1．—Excuse me，do you know the way to the post office?【出处：21教育名师】
—Yes.Follow me and I'll __C__ you the way.(2016，北海)【版权所有：21教育】
A．call B．pick C．show D．give
2．—The shoes are very nice.I'll take them.
—But you must __B__ first.I think the size is a bit small for you.(2016，百色)
A．pay for them B．try them on
C．put them on D．take them off
3．—Why do you __A__ Bill?
—Because he is a hero.(2016，贵港)
A．look up to B．look up
C．look through D．look like
4．—Well，it's time to __D__ for the train station.
—Yes.Our train will leave in an hour.(2016，贵港)
A．sell out B．give out C．help out D．set out
5．Your toys are here and there.Please __B__，Linda.(2016，来宾)
A．put away them B．put them away
C．put them out D．put up them
6．—The cat is missing.Will you please __A__ it?
—No problem.(2016，柳州)
A．look for B．look up C．look at
7．—Gina，don't __D__ too late，or you'll be tired tomorrow.21世纪教育网版权所有
—All right.(2016，梧州)
A．put up B．set up C．make up D．stay up
8．Dave failed in the singing competition.He's very sad now.Let's go to__B__．(2016，贺州)
A．wake him up B．cheer him up
C．pick him up D．take him up
9．—There are dark clouds，and the wind is blowing strongly.(2017，南宁预测)
—It __C__ that a typhoon is coming.
A．feels B．sounds C．seems D．looks
10．Their football team was __B__ in that important game.(2016，威海)
A．won B．beaten C．failed
11．When you visit a museum, you should __B__ the rules and don't be against them.(2017，柳州预测)21教育网
A．compare with B．pay attention to
C．look up to D．try out
12．—It will __A__ only about 50 minutes to travel to Mount Wuyi by high-speed railway.21cnjy.com
—Wow，how exciting！I can't wait.
A．take B．spend C．cost
13．I like the dress very much.It __A__ comfortable.21·cn·jy·com
A．feels B．tastes C．sounds D．smells
14．—How long can I __C__ this book？(2016，铜仁)
—Five days.But you must return it on time.
A．borrow B．lend C．keep D．kept
15．Mary，I __B__ John of his promise to help you.
A．told B．reminded C．warned D．advised
16．—Her father tried to __B__ that nothing unusual had happened.
—In fact，it was not serious.(2016，武汉)
A．imagine B．pretend C．mean D．warm
17．My parents said they would come to visit me.I couldn't __A__ to see them after several months away from home.(2016，河南)www.21-cn-jy.com
A．wait B．help C．expect D．afford
18．The school sports meeting will be __C__ because of the heavy rain.(2016，永州)
A．put up B．put on C．put off
19．We teenagers should __C__ the old and offer our seats to them on buses.(2016，泉州)
A．laugh at B．depend on C．care for
20．Bob is taking the desks away because they __C__ too much room.
A．stand up B．pick up C．take up D．listen up
21．You should __B__ smoking.It's really bad for your health.(2016，泸州)
A．put up B．give up C．get up D．set up
22．It's not the right time to argue about who should be blamed.We'd better __A__ and find a way out as soon as possible.2·1·c·n·j·y
A．calm down B．stay up
C．give up D．look down
23．—How do you like this speech?
—I like it very much and it can __A__me ________ to achieve my dream.(2016，西宁)
A．cheer；up B．connect；with
C．let；down D．take；up
24．A notice was __D__ in order to remind the students of the changed school time.(2017，百色预测)www-2-1-cnjy-com
A．sent up B．given up C．set up D．put up
25．On my way home，I saw a granny fall down.I offered help first and then __A__ police.(2016，东营)2-1-c-n-j-y
A．called up B．cared for
C．cheered up D．found out
26．—Oh，my god.I __C__ 2kg this month.
—Don't worry.It's normal for a growing teenage girl.(2016，襄阳)
A．put up B．put off
C．put on D．put down
27．—To save energy，we should __B__ the electricity when we don't use it.(2016，咸宁)
—I agree，you are really a greener person.
A．shut up B．shut off
C．take away D．take off
28．—The fire __A__ at around 3 a．m. local time when people were celebrating with fireworks.21*cnjy*com
—I'm sorry to hear it.(2016，连云港)
A．broke out B．ran out
C．went out D．put out
29．—I'm so tired after the long journey that I want to go to bed at once.(2016，襄阳)
—You'd better __D__ first and then have a rest.
A．take a walk B．take a message
C．take a break D．take a shower
30．—What's wrong with Judy？She has been absent for two days.(2016，泉州)
—Oh，she __A__ be ill.Let's go to ask Mr. Green.
A．may B．need C．would
31．—Sorry，Miss Liu.I left my workbook at home.Must I hand it in today？(2016，黄石)
—No，you __D__．You ______ bring it here tomorrow.
A．mustn't；should B．can't；must
C．mustn't；may D．needn't；can
32．The girl in the classroom __C__ be Sarah.She has gone to the library.(2016，烟台)
A．may B．must C．can't D．needn't
33．—Must we finish the work today？(2016，重庆A)
—__C__．We have something else to do tomorrow.
A．Yes，we can B．No，we can't
C．Yes，we must D．No，we needn't
34．—Mom，__D__ I visit the art museum next Monday?
—I'm afraid you can't.All museums in the city are closed on Monday.(2016，广东)
A．would B．need C．should D．may
35．—Finally，they came back.(2016，长沙)
—They __B__ be hungry after such a long walk.
A．can't B．must C．needn't
36．—Must I wait here all morning？I have a lot of work to do.(2016，威海)
—No，you __C__．You may be back in the afternoon.
A．mustn't B．can't C．don't have to
37．You __D__ take me to the station.My brother's taking me.(2016，江西)
A．can't B．mustn't
C．shouldn't D．don't have to
38．—Where are you going this month?
—We __B__ go to Xiamen，but we're not sure.(2016，呼和浩特)【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
A．needn't B．might C．must D．mustn't
39．—I still haven't found my pet dog.(2016，武汉)
—I'm sorry to hear that.You __C__ be very sad.
A．can B．should C．must D．will
40．—Let's go climbing，shall we?
—You __C__ be joking！Don't you know I'm afraid of high places？(2016，桂林模拟)
A．may B．can C．must D．should
41．Children __D__ sit in the front seat of a car.It's too dangerous.(2017，柳州预测)
A．need B．needn't C．must D．mustn't
42．It's helpful to __C__ a good habit of reading in language learning.
A．take B．show C．develop D．match
43．—Show me your homework，Dave.
—Sorry，Mrs. Brown.I've __A__ it at home.(2017，南宁预测)21·世纪*教育网
A．left B．missed C．forgotten D．lost
44．—I don't know your friend.Can you __B__ her to me?【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
—Yes, of course.(2016，昆明模拟)
A．lead B．introduce C．meet D．explain
45．—What should we do for the disabled children in the Children's Home?
—You're supposed to __C__ a study group to help them.(2016，陕西模拟)
A．take up B．fix up C．set up D．stay up
46．—I hope to be a volunteer at weekends.
—You could help to __D__ the city parks.
A．cheer up B．make up C．take up D．clean up
