高考专题：短文改错解题技巧精编
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高考专题：短文改错解题技巧精编
1.
命题原则：遵循5个原则1个陷井。
1.
以改动一词为原则：一般情况，每句至多有2处错误，每处只改动一词。即在错误的词上进行添加，删去，或改动一词。没有错误的句子自然不改。
2.
以改动一个层次为原则：即就原文中的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某一个词改动时，要么改变词义，要么改变词性，要么改变形式，不能既改变词义又改变词性或既改变词性又改变词义。
3.
添加或删除词以虚词为主：即需要添加或
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )删除的词一般是冠词，连词，助动词，介词，不定式符号等，而动词，形容词，名词等有实际意义的一般不添加或删除，否则会改变句子的原意。
4.
改变形式以实词为主：对动词，形容词，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词，副词等有实际意义的一般只改变它的形式，很少会将其换成另外的一个词，更不能随意添加或删除，以免导致语篇意义的改变。
5.
句子原意保持不变为原
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )则：即不能改变文章所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑上的关系，只能对短文中的用词错误，语法错误，逻辑错误进行改正。
6.
小心局部通顺陷进：有时孤立地分析
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某个句子，可能其结构正确，语义通顺，但放到整个语篇中考虑就会发现该句中就存在不合符逻辑的地方，所以此时一定要结合语篇进行全面分析。21教育网
二．设错的特点
六个字:错词,多词,缺词.
即
错词更正,
缺词添加,
多词删除,只修改一处，标点符号大小写不变。
三．考点分布
1.
从词法上看,
主要考查:
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时态,语态,非谓语动词及情态动词的用法,名词,代词的数和格;冠词的基本用法;形容词,副词的比较级;主谓一致;连词和关系词的使用等.
2.
从句法上看,涉及到简单句,
否定句,疑问句,省略,替代等.
3.
从行文逻辑上看,人物的性别及与之相对应的代词,句义的并列与转折,时间的顺序,数量的增减以及因果的倒置等,都是值得考虑的因素.
四.
解题方法:
整篇理解,
分句解题.
五.
错误类型分析
（一）.
漏词：句中漏掉了系动词,冠词,物主代词,介词及不定式符号
to
等.
1.
漏不定冠词的常考点
（1）抽象名词前通常不用冠词，但具体化了的抽象名词已成为可数名词，使用时前面常漏掉不定冠词。
Eg.
It
is
pleasure
to
help
others
when
they
are
in
trouble.2·1·c·n·j·y
析：
抽象名词pleasure具体化了已成为可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a
又如：It
is
a
great
honor
to
do
sth
，
success
和failure在具体化时成为考点
（2）物质名词coffee,
dr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink,
tea,
beer等表示“一杯，一个。。。”时，已转化为可数名词，其前的不定冠词常被漏掉或该名词没有用复数形式。
Eg
.
I
would
like
coffee
and
two
beers.
析：
抽象名词coffee具体化了已成为可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a
(3)
常用的含不定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用法。
Twice
a
week,
a
day
or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
two,
once
in
a
while,
all
of
a
sudden,
once
upon
a
time,
as
a
matter
of
fact,
in
a
loud
voice,
in
a
word,
catch/have/get
a
cold,
do
a
good
deed,
go
out
for
a
walk,
have
a
good
time,
make
a
face,
take
a
seat,
as
a
result,
have
a
fever,
in
a
hurry,
a
great
many,
after
a
while,
have
an
effect
on
,
pay
a
visit
to,
have
a
rest，make
a
difference
to,
2．
漏定冠词的常考点
（1）表示天体，方位，乐器等名词前面以及序数词，形容词最高级前面漏掉定冠词
Eg.
@
The
sky
is
blue
and
sun
is
shinning.
@
his
daughter
plays
piano
very
well.
@
what
new
subject
will
we
have
in
first
grade
www.21-cn-jy.com
（析：
上述句子缺少定冠词）
（2）固定结构或习惯用法短语没有记牢导致漏掉定冠词
Eg.
@
he
was
born
in
1990’s
and
moved
to
America
in
2014
(3)
常用的含定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用法
The
+比较级…t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he+比较级,
by
+the
+meter/kilometer
/day/week/month/year/kilo等计量名词，in
the
1990’s,
at
the
beginning
of,
to
tell
you
the
truth,
with
the
help
of,
at
the
moment,
at
the
age
of
,
by
the
way,
at
the
same
time,
take
the
place
of
,
in
the
distance,
in
the
end,
the
other
day,
on
the
other
hand,
the
more
beautiful
of
the
twins,
the
whole
weekend,
on
the
Internet,
in
the
morning/afternoon/evening,
in
the
last/past
five
years,
the
rest
of
,
on
the
contrary
3.
漏掉不定式符号to
（1）
使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中被省略的宾语补足语的不定式符号to
变为被动语态时，往往漏掉不定式符号to。21
cnjy
com
Eg.
He
was
made
work
day
and
night
in
the
factory.21·cn·jy·com
（析：
上述句子work前缺少不定式符号to
）
（2）用不定式代替上文提到的动词或动词短语时应保留不定式符号to，但测试中往往漏掉不定式符号to。
Eg.
@
I
asked
him
to
play
football,
but
he
didn’t
want.
（析：
上述句子want后缺少不定式符号to
）
@
The
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
teacher
allowed
Li
Ming
to
do
the
experiment
,but
I
wasn’t
allowed
.
(析：
第二个
allowed
后加
to
)
（3）
在某个谓语动词之后又出现一个动词的原型，此时往往漏掉了不定式符号to
Eg
@
I
came
here
buy
the
book
you
mentioned
yesterday
.
(析：
here
后加
to
)
（4）
在某些特殊动词之后必须接不定式作宾语时，往往漏掉了不定式符号to
Eg.
@
Everyone
wants
see
the
film
.
(析：
wants
后加
to
)
@
The
boy
expected
be
taken
to
the
zoo.
（析：
expected
后加
to
）
此类动词主要有：want,
hope
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
expect,
intend,
manage,
plan,
afford,
ask,
attempt,
decide,
offer,
pretend,
promise,
refuse,
wish,
agree
等要接不定式作宾语。
（5）
特殊句式要牢记：
@
it
takes
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
@
have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth
@
...too
adj/adv
to
do
sth
@
...adj/adv+enough
to
do
sth
@
it
is
+adj
for
/of
sb
to
do
sth
Eg.
@
The
enemy
had
no
choice
but
lay
down
their
arms.www-2-1-cnjy-com
（析：
but
后加
to
）
@
It
took
him
ten
minutes
get
to
school
.
（析：
minutes
后加
to
）
@
She
is
too
young
take
care
of
herself.
（析：
young
后加
to
）
@
It
was
very
difficult
for
a
child
work
out
this
problem.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
（析：
child后加
to
）
（6）
受定向思维干扰的can/
could
之后
Eg.
His
step-mother
did
all
she
could
help
him
.
(
析:
could后加
to
,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )原句补充完整为His
step-mother
did
all
she
could
do
to
help
him
)
4．漏掉了系动词，助动词(do/does/did/have/has/had等)
和情态动词（can/could）21cnjy.com
Eg.
@
They
eager
to
know
everything
about
China
.
(析：
eager
前加
are
)
@
This
bridge
18
meters
long
.
(析：
bridge
后加
is
)
@
I
very
happy
to
meet
you
.
(析：
I
后加
am
)
@
His
mother
died
when
he
19
years
old
.
(析：
he
后加was
)
@
Only
then
I
realize
that
I
was
wrong.
(析：
Only
+状语位于句首，
句子要部分倒装，故
I
前加did
)
@
Only
in
this
way
we
work
out
the
problem.
(析：
Only
+状语位于句首，
句子要部分倒装，故
we
前加
can
)
@
They
lived
in
Beijing
since
1990.
(析：
They
后加
have
)
5．漏介词：漏掉介词主要表现为介词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的用法错误，因此我们要掌握介词的一些基本用法和含义，注意其固定搭配以及作定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，其后的介词不能漏掉等。
Eg.
@
None
of
us
knows
who
the
old
man
depends.
(析：
depends
后加
on
)
@
Every
child
is
taken
good
care.
(析：
care
后加
of
)
@
The
ice
is
too
thin
to
skate.
(析：
skate
后加
on
)
@
The
music
is
nice
to
listen.
(析：
listen
后加to
)
@
We
have
to
find
a
hotel
to
stay
.
(析：
stay
后加
in
)
@
This
is
what
he
is
worrying
.
(析：
worrying
后加about
)
@
These
problems
ought
to
be
paid
special
attention.
(析：
attention
后加
to
)
@
Every
minute
should
be
made
full
use.
(析：
use
后加of
)
@
This
picture
is
worth
looking
.
(析：
looking
后加
at
)
@
He
came
on
foot
instead
of
car
.
(析：
of
后加
by
)
@
Some
of
my
classmates
look
down
me
.
(析：
down
后加
on
)
@
He
was
praised
because
what
he
had
done
for
the
disabled
boy
.
(析：
because
后加of
)
常见的易漏掉介词的短语：arrive
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
/
at
,
stick
to,
insist
on,
belong
to,
stare
at
,
glare
at,
object
to,
look
forward
to,
pay
attention
to,
make
use
of
,
catch
up
with,
lead
to,
result
in,
result
from,
look
down
upon,
take
part
in,
look
after,
take
care
of,
walk
out
of
,
look
out
of,
break
away
from,
watch
out
for,
prepare
for,
depend
on,
listen
to,
look
for,
according
to,
as
for,
for
the
purpose
of,
owing
to
,
due
to,
apart
from,
for
fear
of,
in
addition
to,
instead
of,
because
of,
as
a
result
of,
in
case
of,
in
spite
of,
thanks
to,
take
pride
in,
be
proud
of,
play
tricks
on,
show
an
interest
in,
be
different
from,
argue
with,
be
worried
about,
be
ashamed
of,
thank
sb
for
doing
sth,
be
sorry
for
doing
sth,
apologize
to
sb
for
doing
sth,
forgive
sb
for
doing
sth
,
respond
to,
refer
to
,
have
…
in
common
with
sb,
make
a
great
impression
on
sb
,
get/
stand/
sit
close
to,
get
on
well
with,
to
one’s
surprise/
joy/delight/relief/
disappointment
,
devote
…to
,
be
strict
with
sb
in
sth,
do
well
in,
be
good
at,
be
accessible
to,
have
access
to,
be
similar
to,等
（二）.
多词
多词错误是指受汉语的干扰和影响,而出现汉语表达方式,
这些词多为冠词,介词,
代词
或连词等.
1．
在next,
last
,this,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
these,
every
,
each,
…,
today,
yesterday,
tomorrow,
the
other
day,
one
day,
that
day,
some
day,
等前面一般不用表示时间的介词at,
in,
on,等
Eg.
@
Tom
told
me
that
he
he
came
to
our
school
in
last
month.
(析：
in
是多余的
)
@
A
terrible
fire
happened
in
a
village
on
the
other
day.
(析：
on是多余的
)
2.
the
moment,
eac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h
time
,
every
time,
the
first
time,
the
last
time等表示时间的名词短语充当连词引导状语从句时，其前面不用介词,
其后也不用连词when.
Eg.
@
I
liked
the
oil
painting
very
much
at
the
moment
I
saw
it
(析：
at是多余的
)
@
I
liked
the
oil
painting
very
much
the
moment
when
I
saw
it
(析：
when是多余的
)
3.
here
,there,
home,
等表示地点的副词前面一般不用介词。
Eg.
@
they
brought
the
baby
to
home
last
Friday.
(析：
to是多余的
)
@
I
met
my
uncle
on
the
way
to
here
last
Sunday.
(析：
to是多余的
)
4.
表示因果关系的becau
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se和so不能同时使用，表示让步的although/though和but也不能同时使用，但although/though后面可以与and
yet/yet同时使用。
Eg.
@
Although
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
is
very
young,
but
he
can
retell
the
story
very
fluently.
(析：
去掉but
)
5.
受汉语的干扰，出现词义重叠
Eg.
(1).
When
he
ret
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urned
back
to
the
school
,
all
the
students
had
left
.
(析：
去掉
back
)
(2)
.Would
you
please
repeat
again
what
you
said
just
now
21教育名师原创作品
(析：
去掉
again
)
(3).
We
are
trying
to
improve
better
our
living
conditions
.21世纪教育网版权所有
(析：
去掉
better
)
(4).
He
masters
English
well
.
(析：
去掉
well
)
(5).English
is
my
most
favorite
subject
at
school.
(析：
去掉
most
)
(6).The
engineer
over
there
is
very
excellent
.
(析：
去掉
very
)
(7).
Be
sure
to
get
there
before
the
sun
sets
down
.
(析：
去掉
down
)
(8).He
entered
into
the
meeting
room.
(析：enter+地方名,
去掉
into
)
6.
受定向思维的影响，在不需要连词的地方用了连词。
Eg.
In
some
pa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rts
of
the
forest
where
you
can
find
large
groups
of
monkeys,
which
are
jumping
up
and
down.2-1-c-n-j-y
(析：
去掉
where
)
7．定语从句中关系词和其它代词或副词同
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时出现，此时把从句中的he,
she,
they,
it,
him,
her,
them,
their,
its,
here,
there,
then
等去掉就可以了。【版权所有：21教育】
Eg.
This
is
the
very
person
that
I
am
looking
for
him.
(析：
去掉
him
)
8.
在某些短语中，有无定冠词意义不同，应该牢记。
(!)
at
table,
at
the
table
(2)
in
front
of
,
in
the
front
of
(3)
in
hospital,
in
the
hospital
(4)
in
class,
in
the
class
(5)
in
charge
of,
in
the
charge
of
(6)
go
to
school,
go
to
the
school
(7)
go
to
church,
go
to
the
church
(8)
in
prison,
in
the
prison
(9)
out
of
question,
out
of
the
question
9.
在主动语态中，使役动词make,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
let,
have及感官动词hear,
watch
,
notice,
see,
listen
to,等后面要接不带to的动词不定式,
(
但要注意在被动语态中动词不定式符号to又要加上).
Eg.
I
will
let
someone
to
repair
the
TV
set.
(析：
去掉
to
)
10.
牢记一些特殊搭配。
had
better
(not)
do
sth,
It’s
better
(not)
to
do
sth
would
rather
do
sth
than
do
sth
prefer
to
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
do
nothing
but
do
sth
have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth
.
Will/
would
you
please
do
sth
Why
not
do
sth
Why
don’t
you
do
sth
11.下列词组常不接冠词：
In
space,
in
societ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y,
in
nature,
get
close
to
nature,
make
room
for,
at
night,
at
noon,
at
dawn,
12.熟记下列表达:
Not
only…
but
also;
ne
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ither…
nor;
either…
or;
both…
and;
no
sooner…
than…;
hardly…when…;
（三）错词
1.
时态和语态错误：全篇用现在时，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而短文中某处却用了不合逻辑的过去时，或全篇用的是过去时，某处却用了现在时，
或主句用的是过去时，而后面的从句却用了现在时；该用主动语态却用了被动语态，该用被动语态却用了主动语态。
Eg.
(1)
Some
think
smoking
was
a
pleasure.
(析：
was改为
is
)
(2)
Last
Sunday,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
police
cars
hurry
to
the
tallest
building
in
New
York.
(析：
hurry改为
hurried
)
(3)
He
not
only
came
to
see
me
but
also
tell
me
the
news.
(析：
tell改为
told
)
(4)
I
thought
I
have
sent
the
letter
a
week
before.
(析：
have
改为
had.
在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主从复合句中，主句用一般现在时，从句根据需要可以用任何时态，但主句如用过去时则从句要用相对应的过去时态。)
（5）牢记以下固定句式：
@
it/this/that
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
was
the
first/second…/last
time
(
that
)
sb
have/has/had
done
sth.
@
was/
were
about
to
do
sth
when
…
从句常用过去时
@
Hardly
had
+主语+过去分词
+
when
+主语+过去式
@
No
sooner
had
+主语+过去分词
+
than
+主语+过去式
@
not…until…结构中，若主句用的是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时
@
it
is/
has
+一段时间
+since+
主语+过去式
@
It’s
a
pity
that
…
@
it’s
high
time
that+主语+过去式
2.
非谓语动词形式错误。
（1）下列动词后只接v-ing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )形式：appreciate,
consider（考虑）,
enjoy,
escape,
advise,
finish,
imagine,
mind,
miss（错过）,
practice,
risk,
suggest,
admit,
avoid,
insist
on
doing,
can’t
help
doing,
put
off
doing
（2）下列动词接to
do
或v-ing，含义不同。
remember
to
do
sth,
remember
doing
sth
forget
to
do
sth
,
forget
doing
sth
regret
to
do
sth,
regret
doing
sth
try
to
sth,
try
doing
sth
mean
to
do
sth,
mean
doing
sth
stop
to
do
sth,
stop
doing
sth
go
on
to
do
sth,
go
on
doing
sth
（3）be
(well)
worth
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doing,
和表示需要讲的
want,
need,
require
后用v-ing以主动表示被动意义.
(
want,
need,
require后或接to
be
done)
（4）非谓语动词作状语也是重要考点
Eg.
Felt
hun
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gry,
we
built
a
fire
by
the
lake
and
barbecued
the
fish.
(析：
Felt改为
Felling.
)
(5)
牢记特殊结构：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Generally
speaking
(In
general),
Judging
from,
Honestly
speaking,
Strictly
speaking,
Time
permitting,
Personally,
3．主谓一致问题或主语和它的代词不一致
Eg.
(1)
Either
your
students
or
Mr
Wang
know
this.
(析：
know改为
knows.
由or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
either…or,
neither…nor,
not
only…,but
also…,
等连接的并列成分作主语，
谓语动词与最近的主语一致。)
（2）Ten
years
are
a
short
time
in
a
person’s
life
(析：
are改为
is.
表示时间，价格，距离等复合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
)
（3）Every
boy
and
every
girl
in
our
class
love
her.
(析：
love改为
loves.
由an
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
连接的并列单数名词前如果有no,
each,
every,
等修饰时
，
谓语动词用单数形式。)
（4）He
is
the
only
one
of
the
friends
who
are
working
hard
(析：
are改为
is
)
（5）Two-thirds
of
the
work
are
finished.
(析：
are改为
is
)
（6）Many
a
student
have
joined
the
league.
(析：
have改为
has
)
（7）Henry,
rather
than
Jane
and
John,
are
responsible
for
the
loss【出处：21教育名师】
(析：
are改为
is
)
（8）The
Smiths
did
his
best
to
make
me
feel
at
home.21
cnjy
com
(析：
句中主语为复数,故将
his
改为
their
)
4．形容词和副词的误用。形容词一般修饰名词，代词或系动词后作表语；而副词一般修饰形容词，副词，动词或句子，在句子中作状语。
Eg.
(1)
he
looked
strange
at
us
and
said,
“
Didn’t
you
know ”
(析：
strange
改为
strangely
)
(2)
I
wish
you
a
pleasantly
journey
to
Hainan.
(析：
pleasantly
改为
pleasant
)
(3)
He
used
to
be
poorly
in
Chinese
and
Mr
Wang
helped
him.
(析：
poorly
改为
poor
)
(4)
注意他们的区别
A.
Close,
closely；har
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d,
hardly；late,
later,
lately；wide,
widely；high,
highly；near,
nearly；
most,
mostly；real,
really；serious,
seriously；complete,
completely,；possible,
possibly；
true,
truly；free,
freely；firm,
firmly；strong,
strongly；gradual,
gradually；general,
generally；sudden,
suddenly；recent,
recently；easy,
easily；final,
finally；especial,
especially；anxious,
anxiously；extreme,
extremely；simple,
simply；equal,
equally；terrible,
terribly；probable,
probably；
B.
cause,
rea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )son;
before,
ago;
receive,
accept;
take,
bring;
here,
there;
manage,
try;
persuade,
advise;
ask,
answer;
come,
go;
little,
few;
cross,
across;
either,
too;
affect,
effect;
therefore,
however;
writing,
written;
spoken,
speaking;
beside,
besides;
so,
because;
live,
alive,
living;
aloud,
loudly;
like,
likely;
borrow,
lend;
C.
Look,
taste,
feel,
sound,
smell等感官动词后只接形容词也不用被动语态,
The
dishes
my
mother
cooked
tasted
wonderfully.
(析：
wonderfully
改为
wonderful
)
D.
形容词和副词(比较等级)误用.
Eg.
@
As
a
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sult
,
people
in
the
modern
world
generally
live
much
more
longer
than
people
in
the
past
.
21·世纪
教育网
(析：
longer
本身即构成比较级,故将
more
去掉
)
@
After
learni
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
the
basic
of
the
subject
,
nothing
else
seemed
very
practically
to
me.
(析：
连系动词后要用形容词,故将
practically
改为
practical
)
@
I
thought
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it
might
be
interested
to
begin
studying
another
language
.
(析：
interested
改为
interesting
)
5.
连词的误用.
Eg.
@
the
food
was
expensive
and
the
service
was
good.【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
(析：
前后是转折关系,故将and
改为
but
)
@
I
told
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mother
,Father,
Sister
and
all
my
friends
that
a
great
time
I
had
.
(析：
感叹句作宾语,故将
that
改为
what
)
6.
思维定势的干扰
Eg.
I
also
enjoyed
the
evening
when
we
spent
together.
(析：
尽管
evening
是时间名词,但做及物动词的宾语,故将
when
改为which/
that
或省略when
)
7.
句子结构中平行,并列关系混乱
Eg.
It
was
ver
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
kind
of
you
to
meet
me
at
the
railway
station
and
drove
me
to
your
home
.
(析：
句中drove
应为drive
,
才能与前面
to
meet
的保持平行并列关系
)
8.
行文逻辑错误
Eg.
Luckily,
he
became
an
orphan
because
of
his
parents’death
.
(析：
句中Luckily
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
应为Unluckily.
该表达否定意思时没有加no
/
not
,
而在表达肯定意思时却加了no
/
not；
该用neither
时误用了either
,该用never时误用了
ever,
该用either时用了
too，
neither
与none
的误用
)
9.
常考的不可数名词：advic
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
,
fun
,
news
,work,
homework
,weather,
luck,
information
,
furniture,
luggage
,
baggage,
rubbish
,
trash,
progress,
change（零钱）,
equipment,
help,
experience（经验）
10.
背诵下列词组：
The
key
to,
the
an
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )swer
to,
the
reply
to,
the
entrance
to,
as
soon
as
possible,
as
usual,
so
long
as,
on
the
way
(
to),
for
one
thing…for
another,
one…the
other,
some…others,
on
(the)
one
hand…on
the
other
hand,
not
only…but
also,
one
of
the
students,
many
teachers,
most
of
the
students,
be
widely
used,
burst
into
tears,
burst
out
crying,
burst
into
laughter,
burst
out
laughing,
be
interested
in
,
as
far
as
one
is
concerned
,
in
one’s
opinion,
in
one’s
view,
to
one’s
surprise,
to
one’s
joy;
as
well
as,
be
filled
with,
be
full
of,
be
popular
with,
be
familiar
with,
be
familiar
to,
be
famous
for,
be
famous
as,
be
well-known
for,
be
well-known
as,
result
in,
result
from,
prevent…(from)
doing,
stop…(from)doing
sth,
keep…from
doing
sth,
protect…from/against,
do
sb
harm,
do
harm
to
sb,
be
harmful
to,
such
a
+adj
+n
that…=so
+adj
+a+n
that…,
so+adj/adv
+that
…,hear
from,
two
weeks
ago,
share
sth
with
sb,
what’s
worse,
worse
still,
to
make
the
matters
worse,
what’s
more,
with
one’s
help,
with
the
help
of,
compared
with,…
focus
one’s
attention
on,
with
the
hope
of,
for
the
purpose
of,
on
purpose,
by
accident,
spend..(in)
doing
sth
,
spend
…on
sth,
it
takes
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
,
on
her
eightieth
birthday,
in
the
1980s/1980’s,
in
his
thirties,
in
a
word,
in
return
(for),
many
places
of
interest,
many
attractions,
belong
to,
get
close
to
nature,
be
5
kilometres
away
from…,be
busy
with
sth,
be
busy
doing
sth,
be
worth
doing,
be
occupied
in
doing
sth,
all
of
a
sudden,
On
a
rainy
evening,
as
many
as,
as
much
as;
three
years
later,
after
three
years;
twice
a
week;
four
years
ago;
was
about
to
do
sth
when…;as
time
went
by,
with
time
going
by,
as
is
known,
as
is
planned
21世纪教育网
--
中国最大型、最专业的中小学教育资源门户网站。
版权所有@21世纪教育网
高考专题：短文改错解题技巧精编
1.
命题原则：遵循5个原则1个陷井。
1.
以改动一词为原则：一般情况，每句至多有2处错误，每处只改动一词。即在错误的词上进行添加，删去，或改动一词。没有错误的句子自然不改。
2.
以改动一个层次为原则：即就原文中的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某一个词改动时，要么改变词义，要么改变词性，要么改变形式，不能既改变词义又改变词性或既改变词性又改变词义。
3.
添加或删除词以虚词为主：即需要添加或
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )删除的词一般是冠词，连词，助动词，介词，不定式符号等，而动词，形容词，名词等有实际意义的一般不添加或删除，否则会改变句子的原意。
4.
改变形式以实词为主：对动词，形容词，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词，副词等有实际意义的一般只改变它的形式，很少会将其换成另外的一个词，更不能随意添加或删除，以免导致语篇意义的改变。
5.
句子原意保持不变为原
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )则：即不能改变文章所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑上的关系，只能对短文中的用词错误，语法错误，逻辑错误进行改正。
6.
小心局部通顺陷进：有时孤立地分析
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某个句子，可能其结构正确，语义通顺，但放到整个语篇中考虑就会发现该句中就存在不合符逻辑的地方，所以此时一定要结合语篇进行全面分析。21教育网
二．设错的特点
六个字:错词,多词,缺词.
即
错词更正,
缺词添加,
多词删除,只修改一处，标点符号大小写不变。
三．考点分布
1.
从词法上看,
主要考查:
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时态,语态,非谓语动词及情态动词的用法,名词,代词的数和格;冠词的基本用法;形容词,副词的比较级;主谓一致;连词和关系词的使用等.
2.
从句法上看,涉及到简单句,
否定句,疑问句,省略,替代等.
3.
从行文逻辑上看,人物的性别及与之相对应的代词,句义的并列与转折,时间的顺序,数量的增减以及因果的倒置等,都是值得考虑的因素.
四.
解题方法:
整篇理解,
分句解题.
五.
错误类型分析
（一）.
漏词：句中漏掉了系动词,冠词,物主代词,介词及不定式符号
to
等.
1.
漏不定冠词的常考点
（1）抽象名词前通常不用冠词，但具体化了的抽象名词已成为可数名词，使用时前面常漏掉不定冠词。
Eg.
It
is
pleasure
to
help
others
when
they
are
in
trouble.2·1·c·n·j·y
析：
抽象名词pleasure具体化了已成为可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a
又如：It
is
a
great
honor
to
do
sth
，
success
和failure在具体化时成为考点
（2）物质名词coffee,
dr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink,
tea,
beer等表示“一杯，一个。。。”时，已转化为可数名词，其前的不定冠词常被漏掉或该名词没有用复数形式。
Eg
.
I
would
like
coffee
and
two
beers.
析：
抽象名词coffee具体化了已成为可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a
(3)
常用的含不定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用法。
Twice
a
week,
a
day
or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
two,
once
in
a
while,
all
of
a
sudden,
once
upon
a
time,
as
a
matter
of
fact,
in
a
loud
voice,
in
a
word,
catch/have/get
a
cold,
do
a
good
deed,
go
out
for
a
walk,
have
a
good
time,
make
a
face,
take
a
seat,
as
a
result,
have
a
fever,
in
a
hurry,
a
great
many,
after
a
while,
have
an
effect
on
,
pay
a
visit
to,
have
a
rest，make
a
difference
to,
2．
漏定冠词的常考点
（1）表示天体，方位，乐器等名词前面以及序数词，形容词最高级前面漏掉定冠词
Eg.
@
The
sky
is
blue
and
sun
is
shinning.
@
his
daughter
plays
piano
very
well.
@
what
new
subject
will
we
have
in
first
grade
www.21-cn-jy.com
（析：
上述句子缺少定冠词）
（2）固定结构或习惯用法短语没有记牢导致漏掉定冠词
Eg.
@
he
was
born
in
1990’s
and
moved
to
America
in
2014
(3)
常用的含定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用法
The
+比较级…t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he+比较级,
by
+the
+meter/kilometer
/day/week/month/year/kilo等计量名词，in
the
1990’s,
at
the
beginning
of,
to
tell
you
the
truth,
with
the
help
of,
at
the
moment,
at
the
age
of
,
by
the
way,
at
the
same
time,
take
the
place
of
,
in
the
distance,
in
the
end,
the
other
day,
on
the
other
hand,
the
more
beautiful
of
the
twins,
the
whole
weekend,
on
the
Internet,
in
the
morning/afternoon/evening,
in
the
last/past
five
years,
the
rest
of
,
on
the
contrary
3.
漏掉不定式符号to
（1）
使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中被省略的宾语补足语的不定式符号to
变为被动语态时，往往漏掉不定式符号to。21
cnjy
com
Eg.
He
was
made
work
day
and
night
in
the
factory.21·cn·jy·com
（析：
上述句子work前缺少不定式符号to
）
（2）用不定式代替上文提到的动词或动词短语时应保留不定式符号to，但测试中往往漏掉不定式符号to。
Eg.
@
I
asked
him
to
play
football,
but
he
didn’t
want.
（析：
上述句子want后缺少不定式符号to
）
@
The
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
teacher
allowed
Li
Ming
to
do
the
experiment
,but
I
wasn’t
allowed
.
(析：
第二个
allowed
后加
to
)
（3）
在某个谓语动词之后又出现一个动词的原型，此时往往漏掉了不定式符号to
Eg
@
I
came
here
buy
the
book
you
mentioned
yesterday
.
(析：
here
后加
to
)
（4）
在某些特殊动词之后必须接不定式作宾语时，往往漏掉了不定式符号to
Eg.
@
Everyone
wants
see
the
film
.
(析：
wants
后加
to
)
@
The
boy
expected
be
taken
to
the
zoo.
（析：
expected
后加
to
）
此类动词主要有：want,
hope
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
expect,
intend,
manage,
plan,
afford,
ask,
attempt,
decide,
offer,
pretend,
promise,
refuse,
wish,
agree
等要接不定式作宾语。
（5）
特殊句式要牢记：
@
it
takes
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
@
have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth
@
...too
adj/adv
to
do
sth
@
...adj/adv+enough
to
do
sth
@
it
is
+adj
for
/of
sb
to
do
sth
Eg.
@
The
enemy
had
no
choice
but
lay
down
their
arms.www-2-1-cnjy-com
（析：
but
后加
to
）
@
It
took
him
ten
minutes
get
to
school
.
（析：
minutes
后加
to
）
@
She
is
too
young
take
care
of
herself.
（析：
young
后加
to
）
@
It
was
very
difficult
for
a
child
work
out
this
problem.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
（析：
child后加
to
）
（6）
受定向思维干扰的can/
could
之后
Eg.
His
step-mother
did
all
she
could
help
him
.
(
析:
could后加
to
,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )原句补充完整为His
step-mother
did
all
she
could
do
to
help
him
)
4．漏掉了系动词，助动词(do/does/did/have/has/had等)
和情态动词（can/could）21cnjy.com
Eg.
@
They
eager
to
know
everything
about
China
.
(析：
eager
前加
are
)
@
This
bridge
18
meters
long
.
(析：
bridge
后加
is
)
@
I
very
happy
to
meet
you
.
(析：
I
后加
am
)
@
His
mother
died
when
he
19
years
old
.
(析：
he
后加was
)
@
Only
then
I
realize
that
I
was
wrong.
(析：
Only
+状语位于句首，
句子要部分倒装，故
I
前加did
)
@
Only
in
this
way
we
work
out
the
problem.
(析：
Only
+状语位于句首，
句子要部分倒装，故
we
前加
can
)
@
They
lived
in
Beijing
since
1990.
(析：
They
后加
have
)
5．漏介词：漏掉介词主要表现为介词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的用法错误，因此我们要掌握介词的一些基本用法和含义，注意其固定搭配以及作定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，其后的介词不能漏掉等。
Eg.
@
None
of
us
knows
who
the
old
man
depends.
(析：
depends
后加
on
)
@
Every
child
is
taken
good
care.
(析：
care
后加
of
)
@
The
ice
is
too
thin
to
skate.
(析：
skate
后加
on
)
@
The
music
is
nice
to
listen.
(析：
listen
后加to
)
@
We
have
to
find
a
hotel
to
stay
.
(析：
stay
后加
in
)
@
This
is
what
he
is
worrying
.
(析：
worrying
后加about
)
@
These
problems
ought
to
be
paid
special
attention.
(析：
attention
后加
to
)
@
Every
minute
should
be
made
full
use.
(析：
use
后加of
)
@
This
picture
is
worth
looking
.
(析：
looking
后加
at
)
@
He
came
on
foot
instead
of
car
.
(析：
of
后加
by
)
@
Some
of
my
classmates
look
down
me
.
(析：
down
后加
on
)
@
He
was
praised
because
what
he
had
done
for
the
disabled
boy
.
(析：
because
后加of
)
常见的易漏掉介词的短语：arrive
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
/
at
,
stick
to,
insist
on,
belong
to,
stare
at
,
glare
at,
object
to,
look
forward
to,
pay
attention
to,
make
use
of
,
catch
up
with,
lead
to,
result
in,
result
from,
look
down
upon,
take
part
in,
look
after,
take
care
of,
walk
out
of
,
look
out
of,
break
away
from,
watch
out
for,
prepare
for,
depend
on,
listen
to,
look
for,
according
to,
as
for,
for
the
purpose
of,
owing
to
,
due
to,
apart
from,
for
fear
of,
in
addition
to,
instead
of,
because
of,
as
a
result
of,
in
case
of,
in
spite
of,
thanks
to,
take
pride
in,
be
proud
of,
play
tricks
on,
show
an
interest
in,
be
different
from,
argue
with,
be
worried
about,
be
ashamed
of,
thank
sb
for
doing
sth,
be
sorry
for
doing
sth,
apologize
to
sb
for
doing
sth,
forgive
sb
for
doing
sth
,
respond
to,
refer
to
,
have
…
in
common
with
sb,
make
a
great
impression
on
sb
,
get/
stand/
sit
close
to,
get
on
well
with,
to
one’s
surprise/
joy/delight/relief/
disappointment
,
devote
…to
,
be
strict
with
sb
in
sth,
do
well
in,
be
good
at,
be
accessible
to,
have
access
to,
be
similar
to,等
（二）.
多词
多词错误是指受汉语的干扰和影响,而出现汉语表达方式,
这些词多为冠词,介词,
代词
或连词等.
1．
在next,
last
,this,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
these,
every
,
each,
…,
today,
yesterday,
tomorrow,
the
other
day,
one
day,
that
day,
some
day,
等前面一般不用表示时间的介词at,
in,
on,等
Eg.
@
Tom
told
me
that
he
he
came
to
our
school
in
last
month.
(析：
in
是多余的
)
@
A
terrible
fire
happened
in
a
village
on
the
other
day.
(析：
on是多余的
)
2.
the
moment,
eac
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h
time
,
every
time,
the
first
time,
the
last
time等表示时间的名词短语充当连词引导状语从句时，其前面不用介词,
其后也不用连词when.
Eg.
@
I
liked
the
oil
painting
very
much
at
the
moment
I
saw
it
(析：
at是多余的
)
@
I
liked
the
oil
painting
very
much
the
moment
when
I
saw
it
(析：
when是多余的
)
3.
here
,there,
home,
等表示地点的副词前面一般不用介词。
Eg.
@
they
brought
the
baby
to
home
last
Friday.
(析：
to是多余的
)
@
I
met
my
uncle
on
the
way
to
here
last
Sunday.
(析：
to是多余的
)
4.
表示因果关系的becau
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se和so不能同时使用，表示让步的although/though和but也不能同时使用，但although/though后面可以与and
yet/yet同时使用。
Eg.
@
Although
he
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
is
very
young,
but
he
can
retell
the
story
very
fluently.
(析：
去掉but
)
5.
受汉语的干扰，出现词义重叠
Eg.
(1).
When
he
ret
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urned
back
to
the
school
,
all
the
students
had
left
.
(析：
去掉
back
)
(2)
.Would
you
please
repeat
again
what
you
said
just
now
21教育名师原创作品
(析：
去掉
again
)
(3).
We
are
trying
to
improve
better
our
living
conditions
.21世纪教育网版权所有
(析：
去掉
better
)
(4).
He
masters
English
well
.
(析：
去掉
well
)
(5).English
is
my
most
favorite
subject
at
school.
(析：
去掉
most
)
(6).The
engineer
over
there
is
very
excellent
.
(析：
去掉
very
)
(7).
Be
sure
to
get
there
before
the
sun
sets
down
.
(析：
去掉
down
)
(8).He
entered
into
the
meeting
room.
(析：enter+地方名,
去掉
into
)
6.
受定向思维的影响，在不需要连词的地方用了连词。
Eg.
In
some
pa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rts
of
the
forest
where
you
can
find
large
groups
of
monkeys,
which
are
jumping
up
and
down.2-1-c-n-j-y
(析：
去掉
where
)
7．定语从句中关系词和其它代词或副词同
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时出现，此时把从句中的he,
she,
they,
it,
him,
her,
them,
their,
its,
here,
there,
then
等去掉就可以了。【版权所有：21教育】
Eg.
This
is
the
very
person
that
I
am
looking
for
him.
(析：
去掉
him
)
8.
在某些短语中，有无定冠词意义不同，应该牢记。
(!)
at
table,
at
the
table
(2)
in
front
of
,
in
the
front
of
(3)
in
hospital,
in
the
hospital
(4)
in
class,
in
the
class
(5)
in
charge
of,
in
the
charge
of
(6)
go
to
school,
go
to
the
school
(7)
go
to
church,
go
to
the
church
(8)
in
prison,
in
the
prison
(9)
out
of
question,
out
of
the
question
9.
在主动语态中，使役动词make,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
let,
have及感官动词hear,
watch
,
notice,
see,
listen
to,等后面要接不带to的动词不定式,
(
但要注意在被动语态中动词不定式符号to又要加上).
Eg.
I
will
let
someone
to
repair
the
TV
set.
(析：
去掉
to
)
10.
牢记一些特殊搭配。
had
better
(not)
do
sth,
It’s
better
(not)
to
do
sth
would
rather
do
sth
than
do
sth
prefer
to
do
sth
rather
than
do
sth
do
nothing
but
do
sth
have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth
.
Will/
would
you
please
do
sth
Why
not
do
sth
Why
don’t
you
do
sth
11.下列词组常不接冠词：
In
space,
in
societ
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y,
in
nature,
get
close
to
nature,
make
room
for,
at
night,
at
noon,
at
dawn,
12.熟记下列表达:
Not
only…
but
also;
ne
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ither…
nor;
either…
or;
both…
and;
no
sooner…
than…;
hardly…when…;
（三）错词
1.
时态和语态错误：全篇用现在时，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而短文中某处却用了不合逻辑的过去时，或全篇用的是过去时，某处却用了现在时，
或主句用的是过去时，而后面的从句却用了现在时；该用主动语态却用了被动语态，该用被动语态却用了主动语态。
Eg.
(1)
Some
think
smoking
was
a
pleasure.
(析：
was改为
is
)
(2)
Last
Sunday,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
police
cars
hurry
to
the
tallest
building
in
New
York.
(析：
hurry改为
hurried
)
(3)
He
not
only
came
to
see
me
but
also
tell
me
the
news.
(析：
tell改为
told
)
(4)
I
thought
I
have
sent
the
letter
a
week
before.
(析：
have
改为
had.
在
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主从复合句中，主句用一般现在时，从句根据需要可以用任何时态，但主句如用过去时则从句要用相对应的过去时态。)
（5）牢记以下固定句式：
@
it/this/that
i
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s
was
the
first/second…/last
time
(
that
)
sb
have/has/had
done
sth.
@
was/
were
about
to
do
sth
when
…
从句常用过去时
@
Hardly
had
+主语+过去分词
+
when
+主语+过去式
@
No
sooner
had
+主语+过去分词
+
than
+主语+过去式
@
not…until…结构中，若主句用的是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时
@
it
is/
has
+一段时间
+since+
主语+过去式
@
It’s
a
pity
that
…
@
it’s
high
time
that+主语+过去式
2.
非谓语动词形式错误。
（1）下列动词后只接v-ing
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )形式：appreciate,
consider（考虑）,
enjoy,
escape,
advise,
finish,
imagine,
mind,
miss（错过）,
practice,
risk,
suggest,
admit,
avoid,
insist
on
doing,
can’t
help
doing,
put
off
doing
（2）下列动词接to
do
或v-ing，含义不同。
remember
to
do
sth,
remember
doing
sth
forget
to
do
sth
,
forget
doing
sth
regret
to
do
sth,
regret
doing
sth
try
to
sth,
try
doing
sth
mean
to
do
sth,
mean
doing
sth
stop
to
do
sth,
stop
doing
sth
go
on
to
do
sth,
go
on
doing
sth
（3）be
(well)
worth
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doing,
和表示需要讲的
want,
need,
require
后用v-ing以主动表示被动意义.
(
want,
need,
require后或接to
be
done)
（4）非谓语动词作状语也是重要考点
Eg.
Felt
hun
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gry,
we
built
a
fire
by
the
lake
and
barbecued
the
fish.
(析：
Felt改为
Felling.
)
(5)
牢记特殊结构：
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Generally
speaking
(In
general),
Judging
from,
Honestly
speaking,
Strictly
speaking,
Time
permitting,
Personally,
3．主谓一致问题或主语和它的代词不一致
Eg.
(1)
Either
your
students
or
Mr
Wang
know
this.
(析：
know改为
knows.
由or
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
either…or,
neither…nor,
not
only…,but
also…,
等连接的并列成分作主语，
谓语动词与最近的主语一致。)
（2）Ten
years
are
a
short
time
in
a
person’s
life
(析：
are改为
is.
表示时间，价格，距离等复合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
)
（3）Every
boy
and
every
girl
in
our
class
love
her.
(析：
love改为
loves.
由an
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d
连接的并列单数名词前如果有no,
each,
every,
等修饰时
，
谓语动词用单数形式。)
（4）He
is
the
only
one
of
the
friends
who
are
working
hard
(析：
are改为
is
)
（5）Two-thirds
of
the
work
are
finished.
(析：
are改为
is
)
（6）Many
a
student
have
joined
the
league.
(析：
have改为
has
)
（7）Henry,
rather
than
Jane
and
John,
are
responsible
for
the
loss【出处：21教育名师】
(析：
are改为
is
)
（8）The
Smiths
did
his
best
to
make
me
feel
at
home.21
cnjy
com
(析：
句中主语为复数,故将
his
改为
their
)
4．形容词和副词的误用。形容词一般修饰名词，代词或系动词后作表语；而副词一般修饰形容词，副词，动词或句子，在句子中作状语。
Eg.
(1)
he
looked
strange
at
us
and
said,
“
Didn’t
you
know ”
(析：
strange
改为
strangely
)
(2)
I
wish
you
a
pleasantly
journey
to
Hainan.
(析：
pleasantly
改为
pleasant
)
(3)
He
used
to
be
poorly
in
Chinese
and
Mr
Wang
helped
him.
(析：
poorly
改为
poor
)
(4)
注意他们的区别
A.
Close,
closely；har
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d,
hardly；late,
later,
lately；wide,
widely；high,
highly；near,
nearly；
most,
mostly；real,
really；serious,
seriously；complete,
completely,；possible,
possibly；
true,
truly；free,
freely；firm,
firmly；strong,
strongly；gradual,
gradually；general,
generally；sudden,
suddenly；recent,
recently；easy,
easily；final,
finally；especial,
especially；anxious,
anxiously；extreme,
extremely；simple,
simply；equal,
equally；terrible,
terribly；probable,
probably；
B.
cause,
rea
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )son;
before,
ago;
receive,
accept;
take,
bring;
here,
there;
manage,
try;
persuade,
advise;
ask,
answer;
come,
go;
little,
few;
cross,
across;
either,
too;
affect,
effect;
therefore,
however;
writing,
written;
spoken,
speaking;
beside,
besides;
so,
because;
live,
alive,
living;
aloud,
loudly;
like,
likely;
borrow,
lend;
C.
Look,
taste,
feel,
sound,
smell等感官动词后只接形容词也不用被动语态,
The
dishes
my
mother
cooked
tasted
wonderfully.
(析：
wonderfully
改为
wonderful
)
D.
形容词和副词(比较等级)误用.
Eg.
@
As
a
re
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sult
,
people
in
the
modern
world
generally
live
much
more
longer
than
people
in
the
past
.
21·世纪
教育网
(析：
longer
本身即构成比较级,故将
more
去掉
)
@
After
learni
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng
the
basic
of
the
subject
,
nothing
else
seemed
very
practically
to
me.
(析：
连系动词后要用形容词,故将
practically
改为
practical
)
@
I
thought
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it
might
be
interested
to
begin
studying
another
language
.
(析：
interested
改为
interesting
)
5.
连词的误用.
Eg.
@
the
food
was
expensive
and
the
service
was
good.【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
(析：
前后是转折关系,故将and
改为
but
)
@
I
told
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mother
,Father,
Sister
and
all
my
friends
that
a
great
time
I
had
.
(析：
感叹句作宾语,故将
that
改为
what
)
6.
思维定势的干扰
Eg.
I
also
enjoyed
the
evening
when
we
spent
together.
(析：
尽管
evening
是时间名词,但做及物动词的宾语,故将
when
改为which/
that
或省略when
)
7.
句子结构中平行,并列关系混乱
Eg.
It
was
ver
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
kind
of
you
to
meet
me
at
the
railway
station
and
drove
me
to
your
home
.
(析：
句中drove
应为drive
,
才能与前面
to
meet
的保持平行并列关系
)
8.
行文逻辑错误
Eg.
Luckily,
he
became
an
orphan
because
of
his
parents’death
.
(析：
句中Luckily
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
应为Unluckily.
该表达否定意思时没有加no
/
not
,
而在表达肯定意思时却加了no
/
not；
该用neither
时误用了either
,该用never时误用了
ever,
该用either时用了
too，
neither
与none
的误用
)
9.
常考的不可数名词：advic
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
,
fun
,
news
,work,
homework
,weather,
luck,
information
,
furniture,
luggage
,
baggage,
rubbish
,
trash,
progress,
change（零钱）,
equipment,
help,
experience（经验）
10.
背诵下列词组：
The
key
to,
the
an
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )swer
to,
the
reply
to,
the
entrance
to,
as
soon
as
possible,
as
usual,
so
long
as,
on
the
way
(
to),
for
one
thing…for
another,
one…the
other,
some…others,
on
(the)
one
hand…on
the
other
hand,
not
only…but
also,
one
of
the
students,
many
teachers,
most
of
the
students,
be
widely
used,
burst
into
tears,
burst
out
crying,
burst
into
laughter,
burst
out
laughing,
be
interested
in
,
as
far
as
one
is
concerned
,
in
one’s
opinion,
in
one’s
view,
to
one’s
surprise,
to
one’s
joy;
as
well
as,
be
filled
with,
be
full
of,
be
popular
with,
be
familiar
with,
be
familiar
to,
be
famous
for,
be
famous
as,
be
well-known
for,
be
well-known
as,
result
in,
result
from,
prevent…(from)
doing,
stop…(from)doing
sth,
keep…from
doing
sth,
protect…from/against,
do
sb
harm,
do
harm
to
sb,
be
harmful
to,
such
a
+adj
+n
that…=so
+adj
+a+n
that…,
so+adj/adv
+that
…,hear
from,
two
weeks
ago,
share
sth
with
sb,
what’s
worse,
worse
still,
to
make
the
matters
worse,
what’s
more,
with
one’s
help,
with
the
help
of,
compared
with,…
focus
one’s
attention
on,
with
the
hope
of,
for
the
purpose
of,
on
purpose,
by
accident,
spend..(in)
doing
sth
,
spend
…on
sth,
it
takes
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
,
on
her
eightieth
birthday,
in
the
1980s/1980’s,
in
his
thirties,
in
a
word,
in
return
(for),
many
places
of
interest,
many
attractions,
belong
to,
get
close
to
nature,
be
5
kilometres
away
from…,be
busy
with
sth,
be
busy
doing
sth,
be
worth
doing,
be
occupied
in
doing
sth,
all
of
a
sudden,
On
a
rainy
evening,
as
many
as,
as
much
as;
three
years
later,
after
three
years;
twice
a
week;
four
years
ago;
was
about
to
do
sth
when…;as
time
went
by,
with
time
going
by,
as
is
known,
as
is
planned
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