情态动词

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专题：考点揭秘情态动词
情态动词是中考题中的必考知识点，它一般出现在单项选择题中，最近几年的中考题具有知识综合化，测试方法交际化的趋势，所以情态动词运用起来也不那么呆板，我们知道在中学阶段要考核的情态动词是有限的，下面我结合着09年各省的中考题，分析一下各个情态动词的用法。
一. 情态动词的定义：表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，表示可能、应当、愿望、义务、必要、猜测等的动词是情态动词。
?二. 情态动词的特征：情态动词与其他动词是有区别的，它本身词义不完全，不能单独作谓语，必须和另一个动词原形一起构成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化，含有情态动词的句子改为问句和否定句时，无需添加助动词，可直接构成问句和否定句。?
三.常用情态动词can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would等的用法。
1. can (could)
　 1) 能, 会 (表示能力,= be able to )
He listened, but could hear nothing.
2) 可能, 会 (表示可能性)
　Anybody can do it better
3) 可能, 可以 (表示不确定性, 用于否定, 疑问句)
It can’t be true.　
How can you be so careless!　　
4) 可以(表示允许, 但不如may 正式)
--- Can I smoke here
--- Of course, you can.
5) 区别 Can / be able to
　　形式上: can 只有两种时态can/ could, 但是be able to 有很多种　　I shall be able to tell you about it tomorrow.　　She has not been able to come to school for a whole week.
　意思上: can 是一种客观存在的可能, be able to 是拥有能力并使用, 经过一番努力使之成为能力
2 could为can的过去式，用法与can类似，常用于过去时中；could还可用于现在时中表示委婉客气，相当于can；could也可表示惊讶怀疑，不相信
He couldn’t pass the exam.
3. must
1) 必须, 应该要做的事
We must keep clean to face H1N1.
2) 一定, 准是(表示推测)
He must be a teacher.
3) must一般问句的否定回答用needn't或don't have to意思是 “ 不必’ ,而不用mustn't， mustn't意为“不可以，不能”，表禁止，不许可。
You needn’t go to the park.
You mustn’t make any noise at the classroom.
4) 区别 must/ have to
形式上: must 有一种时态, have to 有多种时态 don't have to = needn’t have to 意思上: must主观, have to客观, 表示不得不. 　　
We must do the work well.　In some cities, some people have to wear masks.
4. need
　1) need作行为动词，有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词要加to do不定 式。
You need to do your homework at once.
　2) 当情态动词时, 用于否定和疑问句, 在肯定回答中用must, 否定回答用needn't
　Need I go to the meeting now – Yes, you must. ( No, you needn’t)　　
　 3) needn’t have done (表示本不必做某事而实际上做了某事的意思.)
　You needn’t have waited for me.
5. shall
　1) 用于第1, 3 人称的疑问句中, 表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示　　
Shall I smoke here 　　　　
When shall he finish the exam 　　
2) 用于第2, 3 人称, 表示说话人给对方的命令, 警告或者意愿
You shall fail if you don’t work harder.(警告)
6. will　　
1) 用于各人称, 不仅表示将来的时态, 而且表示有做某事的意志, 意愿, 决心或打算
I will go to the park next Sunday..
在if条件状语从句中will 是情态动词, 表示意愿或决心　　If you go to the party, you will have a great time.
2) 在疑问句中用于第2人称时, 表示说话人向对方的有礼貌的请求　　
Will you give me a piece of paper
Will you open the window
7. would 为will的过去式
　1) 表示过去时间的意志, 意愿, 决心或打算
　No one would say who made the mistake.
　2) 在疑问句中用于第2人称时, 表示说话人向对方的有礼貌的请求,较will婉转客气
　　Would you please close the window
3) 表示过去习惯性的或反复发生的动作(used to do, 但是它强调对比)
Every morning he would go for a long walk.　　She used to live in the countryside.
8. should 为shall 的过去式
　　1) 应当, 应该(同ought to)
　　You shouldn’t go to that river again.
　　2) 表示推测
　　They should be here by now.
　　3) 有时表示说话人的某种感情, 如惊奇, 意外, 愤怒, 遗憾, 失望等, 尤其是与why连用
　　Why should you be so surprise
　　4) should have +done表示应该做某事而实际上是没做
　　You should have been here ten minutes ago.
　　5) would like表示意愿, 较委婉, 客气
　　I would like to have lunch at school.
Would you like to go with me ( 2,3 人称不用should)
9. may( might)
　　1) 意为“可以，也许，可能” (表示允许, 许可= be allowed to ) 。对may的一般问句的回答，肯定回答一般是：Yes, please./Certainly/Sure等，否定回答一般是：Please don't./No, you can't/mustn’t
　　May I come in --- Yes, please.
May I stay here for a long time ----No, you can’t.
　2) 在否定句中, 通常用mustn’t 或be not allowed to 来代替may not, 表示 “禁止, 不可以”
　　You mustn’t smoke here.
　　You are not allowed to skate here.
　　3) 可能, 或许(表示猜测, 一般用于肯定句) 如 must/ can 一类
He might be your sister over here.　　
09各省中考题中出现情态动词的有一下小题：
( ) 1.（2009·甘肃兰州）
---- Look! The man at the gate ________ be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning.
--- - No, it ________ be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.
A. must, can’t B. must, mustn’t
C. can’t, can’t D. can’t, mustn’t
【答案】 A
( ) 2.（2009·广州）
— I take some photos in the hall
—No, you .
A. Can; needn't B. Must; mustn't C. Could; won't D. May; mustn't
【答案】 D
( ) 3.（2009·山东淄博）
—Whose notebook is this
—It Jane’s. It has her name on it.
A. must be B. might belong to C. may be D, could be
【答案】 C
( ) 4.（2009·湖北武汉）
—May I watch TV for a while？
—No, you .You have to finish your homework first.
A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won't
【答案】 C
( ) 5.（2009·山东威海）
---Could you please come to the museum with me this afternoon
---Sorry, I ( ) ,_ I have to take a piano lesson at 2 pm.
A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
【答案】 C
( ) 6.（2009·四川成都）
---What would you send to your sister as the Christmas gift
---I haven’t decided yet. I ( )_send her a hand bag.
A. shall B. may C. must
【答案】 B
( ) 7.（2009·江西）
---Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.
---It ( ) be very expensive. I never even dream about it.
A. must B. might C. can’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】 A
( ) 8.（2009·河南）
—Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting
—I’m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He _ know.
A. can B. may C. need D. shall
【答案】 B
( )9.（2009·湖南娄底）
—Must I be in hospital for a week，Doctor
—No，you . You can go back home tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. must
【答案】 B
( )10.（2009·江苏宿迁）
–Must I finish watering the flowers now
–No, you________.
A. must B. won’t C. needn’t D. can’t
【答案】 C
( 11.（2009·湖北孝感）
Anna hasn’t come to school today. I think she ________ be ill.
A. can B. has to C. may D. should
【答案】 C
( ) 12.（2009·山西）
---Shall we go skateboarding after school
---Sorry, my parents said that I ______ be at home early.
A. need B. must C. may
【答案】 B
( ) 13.（2009·江苏无锡）
---It must be John who is in the office.
---I’m sure it ______ be John. I saw him off at the railway station just twenty minutes ago.
A. won’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
【答案】 C
( ) 14.（2009.北京）
---______ you swim
---Yes, but I’m not a good swimmer.
A. Can B. May C. Need D. Must
【答案】 A
( ) 9.（2009.安徽）
---Who’s the man over there Is it Mr. Black
---It ______ be him. He’s much taller.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. should D. may
【答案】 A
( ) 10.（2009.安徽）
---Long time no see!
---Oh, It ______ like years since I last saw you.
A. looks B. seems C. feels D. sounds
【答案】 B
( ) 11.（2009.福建漳州）
The yellow coat ______ be Linda’s because nobody likes yellow except her.
A. can’t B. can C. mustn’t D. must
【答案】 D
( ) 12.（2009·江苏常州）
— ____________I borrow these magazines
—Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed.
A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need
【答案】 C
( ) 13.（2009·扬州）
—May I smoke here, please
—I am afraid you ___________. This is a non-smoking area.
A. can B. can’t C. may D. may not
【答案】B
( ) 14.（2009·山东德州）
—How is your friend coming
—I’m not sure. He _______ drive here.
A. may B. can C. must D. will
【答案】 A
( )15.（2009·新疆阜康）
—I’m a little tired. Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.
—We take a taxi. It’s not far from here.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
【答案】 D
( )16.（2009·朝阳）
---Must he finish the work before supper
---No, he ( ) . He ( ) _finish it after supper.
A. mustn’t; may B. needn’t; can C. need; can D. must; may
【答案】 B
( ) 17.（2009·贵州安顺）
---Listen! Helen is singing in the next room.
---It ( )_ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. may D. should
【答案】 A
( ) 18.（2009·福建莆田）
---Is Mr. Smith swimming in the pool, Harry
---It ( ) be him. I saw him go to the library just now.
A. may not B. can’t C. needn’t
【答案】 B
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