北师大版必修5同步教学课件：Unit 14 Careers Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing课件

课件43张PPT。Section Ⅳ　Grammar & WritingUnit 14 Careers直接引语和间接引语
一、定义
直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。例如：
He said，“Mudslide has caused great harm to the local people.”他说：“泥石流给当地人们造成了巨大损害。”(引号内的话为直接引语)→He said that mudslide had caused great harm to the local people.
他说泥石流给当地人们造成了巨大损害。(that引导的宾语从句为间接引语)二、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则
1．人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
直接引语变间接引语人称变化口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。”
(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。2．时态的变化
直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如下表：在下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，”the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.
(2)直接引语中有具体的表过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。例如：
Tom said，“I was born on April 21，1980.”
→Tom said he was born on April 21，1980.3．指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化4.连接词的选择
(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。例如：
He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”
→He said(that)he was cooking when the earthquake happened.
直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。
She said to me，“I came back an hour ago.”
→She told me (that) she had come back an hour before.(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．..or not)或if引导。
He said，“Are you interested in English？”
→He asked(me)if/whether I was interested in English.
如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“What’s your name？”he asked me.
→He asked me what my name was.
疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。5．祈使句的直接引语变间接引语
祈使句的间接引语形式多采用“动词＋宾语＋动词不定式”结构。常见的引述动词有ask，tell，beg，warn，remind，advise，order等。
(1)引述表示命令的祈使句，常用tell，order等转述。例如：直接引语中的称呼语，一般把它当作宾语用。(2)引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句，可以用advise，suggest等词转述。(3)引述表示请求的祈使句，常用ask，beg等词转述。 (4)引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind，warn等词转述。6．一般疑问句的直接引语变间接引语
若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would，could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。例如：7．感叹句的直接引语变间接引语
直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what或how引导也可以用that引导。有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的意思采用适当的动词变陈述
句。
“Happy New Year！”he said to me.
→He wished me a Happy New Year.Ⅰ 单句语法填空
1．He told me that he ____________ (go) to see his parents the next week.
2．Mr. Li asked me ____________ I would go to spend my holiday in Hainan.
3．The teacher said that the sun ____________ (rise) in the east and ____________ (go) down in the west.
4．The old man told me that he ____________ (like) popular music very much.would gowhether/whyrisesgoesliked5．She often says that she ____________ (not forget) the kind woman forever.
6．He asked me if I would go to the beach ____________ next month.
7．He said that he ____________ (have) supper when the doorbell rang.will not forgetthewas having8．The guide said that he ____________ (travel) many places so far.
9．The little girl told me that she ____________ (draw) two pictures already.
10．The writer told us that he ____________ (travel) around the world the next year.had travelledhad drawnwould travelⅡ 单句改错
1．The mother asked her son close all the windows at once.____________
2．He asked me whether I will go to see the film with him.____________
3．My friend told me that he is listening to music when the teacher came in.____________
4．The old man said that he has given away most of his money so far.____________
5．The teacher ordered the students stay in the classroom today.____________close前加towill→wouldis→washas→hadstay前加to如何写求职信 文体感知
求职信分为推荐信和自荐信两种，写求职信可按下列步骤进行。
1．介绍消息来源
介绍消息来源实际上是求职信的开篇交代句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅。2．表明求职心愿
介绍完消息来源后，应向收信人表明自己的求职心愿，即写信的目的。
3．介绍个人简历
介绍个人简历主要是介绍自己有哪些长处，为什么觉得自己能胜任这个职位等。
4．交代联系方式
你应当提供你的通讯地址、邮政编码、电话号码、电子信箱等。
5．表明感激之情
无论你的请求是否能够得到满意的答复，你给用人单位写信就是给对方添了麻烦，因此你应向对方表明感激之情。 增分佳句
1．I learned from the newspaper/sb. that your company wanted to hire...
2．I was told that...
3．I have just read in the newspaper that...
4．Now I’d like to introduce myself to you.
5．My name is...I’m...years old . I’m...cm tall.
6．I graduated from...University in 2015.7．I like swimming，singing and dancing in my spare time.
8．I work hard and I can get along well with others.
9．Thank you for your consideration of my application.
10．If you agree with me，I’ll work hard and try to be a ...
11．I am available for an interview...
12．I look forward to hearing from you. 写作要求
假如你是Mary，在报纸上看到一则招聘售货员的广告，你觉得这个工作很适合你，于是决定写一封应聘信。
内容：1.信息的来源及你的想法；
2．自我介绍；
3．你的设想或计划。注意：1.语言通顺；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．词数100左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
4．不得使用真实姓名或学校名称。Dear Mr.Smith，
My name is Mary. I’m very glad to write to you.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
I hope to get your reply soon. Thank you!
Yours sincerely，
Mary 审题谋篇be fit for 词句推敲
1．词汇
①合适；适合____________
②健康，活泼，具有创造性 __________________________
③自……毕业 ______________
④不仅……而且…… __________________
⑤友好、外向 ________________
⑥乐于助人 ______________________
⑦能力 ____________
⑧机会 ____________healthy，active and creativegraduate fromnot only...but also…friendly and outgoingbe ready to help othersabilitychance2．句式
①我健康、活泼、有创造力，因此有能力把工作做好。
一般表达：
I’m healthy，active and creative.I’m able to do my job
well.
高级表达：(使用so连接)
__________________________________________________________________________I’m healthy，active and creative，so I have the ability to do my job well.②我不仅会写英语文章还能说流利的英语。
一般表达：
I can write English essays and I speak fluent English too.
高级表达：(使用not only...but also...连接)
__________________________________________________________________I can not only write English essays，but also speak fluent English.③我周围的人都喜欢和我交朋友，因为当别人遇到困难时我乐于帮助他们。
一般表达：
People around me all like to make friends with me.I’m always ready to help them when they are in trouble.
高级表达：(使用because连接)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________People around me all like to make friends with me，because I’m always ready to help them when they are in trouble. 妙笔成篇_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________One possible version：
Dear Mr.Smith，
My name is Mary.I’m very glad to write to you.I know from the newspaper that you want a salesgirl.I think I’m fit for the job and want to get the job.
First，I am healthy，active and creative，so I have the ability to do my job well.Second，I graduated from university，and my English is very good.I can not only write English essays，but also speak fluent English.Third，______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________I’m friendly and outgoing.People around me all like to make friends with me，because I am always ready to help them when they are in trouble.Last but not least，I have the ability to make the goods attractive.
If you are willing to give me the chance to work in your company，please write to No.176，Sunlight Rd，Changsha City or call me at 1378643××××.
I hope to get your reply soon.Thank you!
Yours sincerely，
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