中考英语语法-非谓语动词课件

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非谓语动词
Nonfinite
verbs
非谓语动词的概念
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词
它不受人称和数的限制
不定式：to+动词原形
动名词：动词原形+ing
分词（现在分词和过去分词）
非谓语动词分为三种形式:
非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容
主要集中在对动词不定式和动名词的考查
考点分析
非谓语动词
动名词:
doing
动词不定式:
to
do
动词+doing
介词+doing
doing
动名词
喜欢花费
忙着想象
忍不住想要结束练习
enjoy
doing
sth.
喜欢做某事
spend...(in)
doing
sth.
花费……做某事
be
busy
doing
sth.
忙于做某事
imagine
sb.
doing
sth.
想象某人做某事
can’t
help
doing
sth.
忍不住做某事
feel
like
doing
sth.
想要做某事
finish
doing
sth.
完成做某事
practice
doing
sth.
练习做某事
miss
doing
sth.
错过做某事
suggest
doing
sth.
建议做某事
keep
(on)
doing
sth.
保持（继续）做某事
mind
doing
sth.
介意做某事
be
worth
doing
sth.
值得做某事
consider
doing
sth.
考虑做某事
错过建议
保持介意
值得考虑
只能接-ing作宾语的动词口诀：
喜欢花费
忙着想象
忍不住想要结束练习
错过建议
保持介意
值得考虑
介词+doing
常考介词:
at,
in,
on
of,
off,
for,
from
up,
about,
without
to
等等
be
good
at
doing
sth.
擅长做某事
be
interested
in
doing
sth.
对做某事感兴趣
insist
on
doing
sth.
坚持做某事
be
used
for
doing
sth.
被用来做某事
thank
sb.
for
doing
sth.
谢谢某人做某事
be
tired
of
doing
sth.
厌烦做某事
be
afraid
of
doing
sth.
害怕做某事
put
off
doing
sth.
推迟做某事
stop
sb.
from
doing
sth.
阻止某人做某事
give
up
doing
sth.
放弃做某事
without
doing
sth.
没有做某事
think
about
doing
sth.
考虑做某事
What
∕
How
about
doing
sth.
做某事怎么样
look
forward
to
doing
sth.
（期望）
pay
attention
to
doing
sth.
（注意）
be
used
to
doing
sth.
（习惯于）
prefer
doing
sth.
to
doing
sth.
（更喜欢）
devote
to
doing
sth.
（致力于）
make
a
contribution
to
doing
sth.
（做贡献）
此to非彼to
肯定式:
to
do
否定式:
not
to
do
省略to的:
do
动词不定式:
动词不定式
（1）基本形式：
to+动词原形
（在某些情况下可以不带to）
（2）特点：
A.
没有人称和数的变化
B.
可以有自己的宾语和状语
C.
有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为to
be+动词的过去分词）
动词不定式
(3)
用法
：
A、作主语，如
To
learn
a
foreign
language
is
not
easy.
=
It’s
not
easy
to
learn
a
foreign
language.
注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。除动词be外，
动词take,
cost也常用于上述结构。
B、作表语，如
The
important
thing
is
to
finish
the
work
on
time.
动词不定式
作宾语
C、
动词
+
to
do
动词+疑问词
+
to
do
动词
+
it(形式宾语）+宾补
+to
do
常见动词有
agree,
decide,
fail,
hope,
wish
,
want,
plan
等
I
don’t
know
what
to
do.
I
find
it
important
to
learn
English.
动词不定式
D、
作宾补
动词
+
宾语
+to
do
动词
+
宾语
+
do
Li
Mei
asked
me
to
show
her
the
new
dictionary.
注：有以上结构的常用动词有
tell,
wish,
ask,
want,
like,
beg,
invite,
warn,
allow,
encourage,
advise
等。
(不带
to
的不定式)
注：常用的动词是：感官动词
see,
hear,
feel,
watch,
notice；
使役动词
have,
make,
let。
E、作状语
可以表目的、表结果、表原因
F、作定语（必须后置）
动词不定式
注意：
在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！
1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式要省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to,
如：
I
always
saw
her
play
violin.
He
was
made
to
work
12
hours
a
day.
2、动词不定式的否定形式为：
not
+
to
do
Mr.
Smith
asked
the
boy
_________(not
play)
this
kind
of
game.
not
to
play
Please
have
him
______(not
do)
so
much
housework.
not
do
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决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：
decide
to
do
sth.
决定做某事
want
∕
would
like
to
do
sth.
想做某事
plan
to
do
sth.
计划做某事
need
to
do
sth.
需要做某事
agree
to
do
sth.
同意做某事
afford
to
do
sth.
支付得起做某事
be
used
to
do
sth.
被用来做某事
决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事
can’t
wait
to
do
sth.
迫不及待做某事
make
up
one’s
mind
to
do
sth.
下决心做某事
used
to
do
sth.
过去常常做某事
fail
to
do
sth.
未能做某事
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：
请求与告诉
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
ask
sb.
to
do
sth.
请求某人做某事
tell
sb.
to
do
sth.
告诉某人做某事
请求与告诉
want
sb.
to
do
sth.
想要某人做某事
invite
sb.
to
do
sth.
邀请某人做某事
expect
sb.
to
do
sth.
期待某人做某事
encourage
sb.
to
do
sth.
鼓励某人做某事
advise
sb.
to
do
sth.
建议某人做某事
想要邀请期待鼓励与建议
promise
sb.
to
do
sth.
答应某人做某事
warn
sb.
not
to
do
sth.
告诫某人不要做某事
allow
sb.
to
do
sth.
允许某人做某事
remind
sb.
to
do
sth.
提醒某人做某事
help
sb.
(to)
do
sth.
帮助某人做某事
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助
使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看
feel/
hear,
listen
to/
let,make,
have/
look
at,
see,
watch,
notice
had
better
（not）do
sth.
最好(不)做……
Why
not
/Why
don’t
you
do
sth.
为什么不做……
help
sb.（to）do
sth.
帮助某人做某事
would
rather
do...
宁愿做……
Would
you
please
do
sth.？
能请你做某事吗？
情态动词+do
助动词+do
省略to的情况:
see
sb.
doing/
do
sth.
hear
sb.
doing/
do
sth.
watch
sb.
doing/
do
sth.
notice
sb.
doing/
do
sth.
区分下列词组:
+do
表示动作的完整性，
+doing
表示动作的进行性。
注意：被动语态中不能省去to。
感官动词
see,
watch,
look
at,
notice,
hear,
listen
to,
feel
特殊词精讲:
to
do
doing
remember/
forget
(do在后)
要做
（do在前）做过
stop/go
on
（两个字）两件事
（一个字）一件事
like/hate/love
一次性
长期
try
尽力做
尝试做
start/begin
一样
一样
stop
to
do
sth.
停下来去做另一件事
stop
doing
sth.
停止正在做的某事
Eg:
他们停下来吸烟。
They
stop
to
smoke.
我必须戒烟了。
I
must
stop
smoking.
stop
to
do/doing
forget
to
do
sth.
停下来去做另一件事
forget
doing
sth.
停止正在做的某事
Eg:
办公室的灯还亮着，他忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）
The
light
in
the
office
is
still
on.
He
forgot
to
turn
it
off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）
He
forgot
turning
the
light
off.
forget
to
do/doing
remember
to
do
sth.
记得去做某事
remember
doing
sth.
记得做过某事
Eg:
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Remember
to
go
to
the
post
office
after
school.
你不记得以前见过那个人吗
Don’t
you
remember
seeing
the
man
before
remember
to
do/doing
go
on
to
do
做了一件事后，接着做另一件事
go
on
doing
继续做原来做的事
Eg：
做完数学后，他接着去做物理。
After
he
had
finished
his
maths，he
went
on
to
do
his
physics.
在你做完这个练习后，接着做其他的练习。
Go
on
doing
other
exercises
after
you
have
finished
this
one.
go
on
to
do/doing
try
to
do
sth.
努力、尽力做某事
Although
maths
is
difficult,
I
will
try
to
study
it.
try
doing
sth.
试着做某事
The
machine
couldn’t
work.
Let’s
try
repairing
it.
try
to
do/doing
sth.