课件38张PPT。第二部分 语法专题研究专题十二 主谓一致与there be句型(除2016年外,每年1道,1分;单选)命题点1 主谓一致
(2014.35, 2013.35,2012.37) 中考试练 省卷6年真题(2011~2016)
1. (2014省卷35题)—Do you need more time to complete the task?—Yes. Another ten days ____enough.
A. is B. was C. are D. wereA 一【解析】考查主谓一致。句意“你需要更多时间完成这个任务吗?” “是的,再有10天就足够了。”当主语为时间、路程和金钱时,常把主语看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。主语是Another ten days,看作一个整体,谓语用单数,根据问句可知用一般现在时。故选A。2. (2013省卷35题)Not only my friends but also I ____ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.
A. be B. am C. is D. areB 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:不仅我的朋友连我自己也对足球感兴趣,梅西是我们最喜爱的明星。短语“not only...but also...”遵循就近原则。因为but also后的主语是I,其后的be动词要用am。故选B。 3. (2012省卷37题)—Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _____ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
—I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am C. was D. areD 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意“李雷和韩梅梅都喜欢《舌尖上的中国》这个电视节目。”“我也深深地被它的故事感动。”“both...and...”连接两个并列的主语,谓语动词用复数形式。故选D。 创新猜押
5. The number of the volunteers ____ 100 now. And some of them have already gone to the workplace.
A. is B. are C. was D. wereA 二【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:志愿者的数量现在是100人,并且他们中的一些人已经去了工作地。the number of表示“……的数量”,是一个整体,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选A。 6. Both Peter and Elsa ____ good at maths now.
A. was B. is C. are D. wereC 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:皮特和艾莎现在都擅长数学。根据时间状语now可知应用一般现在时。且both...and...结构连接并列主语时表示复数意义,故谓语也应用复数形式。故选C。 7. Not only my father but also my grandpa ____ flying to Singapore this weekend.
A. is B. are C. was D. wereA 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:不仅我爸爸,还有我爷爷这周末要飞去新加坡。not only ...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”,用来连接两个并列成分,此处连接两个名词my father和my grandpa作主语,应使用就近原则,mygrandpa是第三人称单数,排除B、D。同时,句中this weekend(时间状语)这周末,表示将来时间,排除C。故选A。 8. About three fourths of the earth ____ covered with water, but we have less and less available fresh water.
A. was B. is C. are D. were B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:大约地球的四分之三都被水覆盖了,但是我们拥有的可用的淡水却越来越少。分数修饰主语时,谓语动词的数同主语的数保持一致。earth为单数概念,故谓语动词用单数,又因为本句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,所以用is。故选B。9. Neither my sister nor I ____ been to America before.
have ever B. have never
C. has ever D. has neverA 【解析】考查主谓一致及副词的用法。句意:我的姐姐和我以前都没去过美国。neither...nor连接并列主语,谓语动词与最近的主语一致。其本身就表示否定,不需要用never;ever经常与现在完成时连用。
故选A。 10. Doing eye exercises ____ good for your eyes.
A. were B. are C. was D. isD 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。Doing eye exercises为动名词短语,在句子中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。故选D。 满分突破 广东近6年中考对主谓一致考查相对较少,主要考查主语与谓语动词的一致性以及一些固定词汇引导主语时的主谓一致原则,如with, as well as, both...and..., either...or...等,考生平时需要注意积累。例:Mike, like his brother, ____ playing football. He always plays it with his classmates.
A. enjoy B. enjoys C. hate D. hates
【方法点拨】第①步: 根据“like his brother”前后的标点可知 ,本句的主语是Mike,故谓语动词用第三人称单数;第②步:根据“He always plays it with his classmates.”可知他喜欢踢足球。故选B。
◆语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。 1. 当主语为第三人称或表示单数的概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 如:
Amy finally sees what Joe has done for her. 艾米终于看到了乔伊为她所做的事了。
2. 当and或both...and...(2012.37)连接名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Both Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是学生。 3. 不定代词either , neither , each, one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Either noodles or rice is OK. 面条或者米饭都可以。 4. 由each, each...and each..., every...and every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 每一个男孩和每一个女孩都得到了一本新书。 5. 主语后接有as well as,except, with, along with, together with, rather than, including, besides, like, but 等词或短语时,谓语动词的单复数形式由这些词前的主语的单复数形式决定。如:The winter holiday is coming, so the twins as well as Alex are going to Sanya for vacation. 暑假就要来了,这对双胞胎和亚历克斯要去三亚度假。 6. “a number of +可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+可数名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:The number of students in our class is 32. 我们班学生人数为32。
7. one of+可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如: One of the students in our class looks like Lu Han very much.我们班有一名同学长得很像鹿晗。
8. “a lot of (lots of, plenty of, a pile of, most of)+名词 ”和“分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:The set of keys is on the teacher’s desk.这串钥匙在老师的桌子上。
9. to do或doing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Running is a good way to exercise every day.每天跑步是一个好的锻炼方式。 10.当一本书名、报纸、杂志或一条新闻、一个电视节目、一部电影等名称作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 如:Hou Yi Shoot the Sun is one of the most traditional stories in China. 《后羿射日》是中国最传统的故事之一。◆意义一致原则
意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要根据主语所表达的概念来判断。
1. 表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。如:Three years is a long time. 三年是一段很长的时间。
2. 集体名词 (如family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government,forty minutes, 25 days)(2014.35)如果表示整体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。如:Forty minutes was enough. 四十分钟足够啦。 3. people, police, cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The police are helping a girl look for her mother. 警察们正在帮助一个女孩找她的妈妈。
4. 算式中表示加法和乘法时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式,但减法和除法必须用单数形式。如:What is/are three multiplied by three?3乘以3是多少?
5. 当从句作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。 如:
What the poor man really needs is just a place to live.这个可怜的人真正需要的仅是一个生存之地。◆就近原则
谓语动词的单复数取决于与之靠近的名词的单复数,这种原则叫作邻近原则,又叫就近原则。
1. 由either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)...(2013.35), 或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与离它较近的主语在数上保持一致。如:Not only you but also he knows the secret.不但你而且他也知道这个秘密。
2. There be...和Here be...这两个句式中的be动词常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。如:There is a table with three legs in Tom’s room. 在汤姆的房间里有一张三条腿的桌子。课件22张PPT。第二部分 语法专题研究专题十二 主谓一致与there be句型(除2016年外,每年1道,1分;单选)命题点2 there be句型
(2015.34, 2011.37) 中考试练 省卷6年真题(2011~2016)
11. (2015省卷34题)—_____ there any living things on other planets?
—I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future.
A. Is B. Are C. Has D. HaveB 一【解析】考查there be 句型。句意“在其他星球上有生物吗?”“我不知道。也许在将来关于这个我们会知道得更多。”根据there be 句型的结构及问句中的关键词things,可知谓语动词应为Are。故选B。 12. (2011省卷37题)—David, there ____ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away.
—OK. Mum. I’ll do it right away.
A. is B. are C. has D. haveA 【解析】考查there be结构与主谓一致。句意“大卫,你的书桌上有一本字典和一些书。请把它们收好。”“好的,妈妈,我马上就做。”由there be结构特点可排除选项C、D;依据there be结构遵循谓“就近原则”可知选A。 创新猜押
13. There ____ many trees in front of my house now.
A. is B. are C. has D. haveB 二【解析】考查there be句型。句意:现在我的房子前面有很多树。由many trees可知谓语动词应用复数,这里考查的是there be句型,缺少系动词,再由now可知要用一般现在时。故选B。14. There ____ much water. You needn’t get some more.
A. have B. are C. is D. hasC 【解析】考查there be句型。句意:这儿有很多水,你不需要拿更多的水了。根据句意及there可知,此处考查there be句型,故排除A、D两项。再由water为不可数名词可知用is。故选C。 15. The weather forecast says that there ____ another storm tomorrow.
will have B. will be
C. has D. has beenB 【解析】考查there be句型的一般将来时。句意:天气预报说明天________另一场暴风雨。由tomorrow可知,宾语从句应用一般将来时。there be的一般将来时结构为there will be。故选B。17. There ____ a book and some pens in the bag. Please give them to the old man.
A. be B. are C. is D. haveC 【解析】考查there be句型的用法。句意:在包里有一本书和一些笔,请把它们给那个老人。要表示某地有……,经常用there be+地点状语。所以排除错误选项D。there be句型中如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语,be要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”,谓语和a book保持数的一致。故选C。18. In our school library there ____ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them ____ growing larger and larger.
A. are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; isA 【解析】考查there be句型。句意:在我们学校图书馆有大量的科学方面的书籍,而且这些年它们的数量变得越来越大。a number of(一定数量的……),作主语时谓语动词用复数;the number of(……的数量),作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选A。 满分突破 广东近6年中考对there be句型的考查主要和主谓一致相结合。对于主谓一致可结合上面的讲解学习。
例:There ____ a zoo near my neighborhood, so I like to spend time there.
A. is B. are C. has D. have【方法点拨】第①步:根据句子结构可知此题考查there be句型,可排除C、D项;第②步:根据“so I like to spend time there” 是一般现在时,“我家附近有一个动物园”是客观事实,可知此处也要用一般现在时。故选A。 ◆there be 的用法
1. “there be+ sb./sth.+ 地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的并列主语时,be动词一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。如:There is a book and two pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。 2. “there be+ sb./sth.+ 地点”的否定形式是在be 动词后面加not, not any, no。如:There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里面没有水。
3. 若变为一般疑问句,则需要把be动词提前到句首。如:Is there any water in the bottle? 瓶子里有水吗?
4. there be 结构有不同的时态,而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如: There used to be several houses behind the two buildings. 过去这两幢楼后面有几座房子。
There will be (=There is going to be) a new film on Monday. 星期一有一场新电影上映。
There have been a lot of accidents around here. 这里已经发生了多起事故。 There must be a mistake somewhere. 肯定有某个地方出错了。
5. there be与have的区别:“there be”意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have表示所属关系,强调某人或某地有某物。