课件39张PPT。第二部分 语法专题研究 专题十一 动词的语态
(必考:每年1道,1分;单选) 中考试练 省卷6年真题(2011~2016)
1. (2016省卷42题)He Jiang ____ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
invites B. invited
C. is invited D. was invitedD 一【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:上个月何江________在哈佛大学毕业典礼上做演讲。何江和邀请之间存在动宾关系,且根据时间状语“last month”可知应该用一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为was/were +动词的过去分词。故选D。 2. (2015省卷40题)—Have you heard of the song Little Apple?
—Yes. It ____ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.
is played B. plays
C. was played D. playedA 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意“你听过《小苹果》这首歌吗?”“是的。当上了年纪的人们每天在楼下跳广场舞的时候它就被播放。”句子的主语为It,指代这首歌,所以句子要用被动语态,同时根据时间状语every morning,可知句子用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。3. (2014省卷39题)Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it ____ some day in the future.
will find B. won’t find
C. will be found D. won ’ t be foundC 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意:虽然MH370航班已经失踪几个月了,但我相信在未来某天它________。从句的主语it, 为find动作的承受者,结合时间状语in the future, 可知此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。 4. (2013省卷42题)It ____ last week that the haze(雾霾) in Beijing caused many problems.
reports B. reported
C. is reported D. was reportedD 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:据________,上周,北京的雾霾天气引起了许多问题。表示“据报道”用被动语态“It is reported that...”,而last week说明该句是一般过去时,用“It was reported...”。故选D。 5. (2012省卷35题)Hot water____ in the students ’ flats from 5 pm to 7 pm now.
supplies B. is supplied
C. supplied D. was suppliedB 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:学生公寓现在从下午5点到7点________热水。热水作主语,强调被提供,故用被动语态,排除A、C项。 根据句中的时间状语now,可知应用现在时。故选B。 6. (2011省卷35题)People who drink wine ____ to drive after May Day.
don’t allow B. isn’t allowed
C. mustn’t allow D. mustn’t be allowedD 【解析】考查情态动词的被动语态。句意:五一之后,喝酒的人禁止开车。依据题意可知此处使用含情态动词的被动语态表示禁止。故选D。 创新猜押
7. Many houses ____by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
damaged B. were damaged
C. were damaging D. are damagedB 二【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:很多房子被地震________,成千上万的人无家可归。分析句子结构知,句子主语Many houses是谓语动词damage的承受者,因此本句应用被动语态,排除A、C项;由后半句为一般过去时可推知,此处也应用一般过去时。故选B。8. We ’ re sure that the environment in our city _____ greatly through our hard work in the near future.
improved B. was improved
C. has improved D. will be improvedD 【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意:我们坚信通过我们的不懈努力,在不久的未来我们市的环境________。根据时间状语“in the near future”可知,应用一般将来时,“环境”与“改善”之间为动宾关系,需用被动语态。故选D。 9. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ____into the river.
needn’t be thrown
B. shouldn’t be thrown
C. needn’t throw
D. shouldn’t throwB 【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意:为了使城市更加漂亮,垃圾________进河里。垃圾是“扔”的动作承受者,用被动语态,排除C、D。根据句意,可知此处应表示“垃圾不应该被扔进河里”。故选B。 10. During the Spring Festival, paper cuttings ____ on windows, doors and walls.
A. are put B. are putting C. puts D. putA 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:在春节期间,剪纸________在窗户上、门上和墙上。由题意可知,此处在陈述一个客观事实,故用一般现在时。“剪纸”和“贴”是动宾关系,故应用被动语态。故选A。11. In the past few years, thousands of films ____all over the world.
have produced
B. have been produced
C. are producing
D. were producedB 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意:在过去几年里,全世界成千上万部电影已经被制作了。主语films与谓语动词produce之间存在动宾关系,应使用被动语态。且根据时间状语In the past few years可知为现在完成时态。故选B。 满分突破 广东近6年中考主要在单项填空中对语态进行考查,选项设置大多是两种时态结合两种语态。对于此类试题,考生可以从以下方面解题:①分析选项,若选项中出现被动语态,则基本可判定本题就是考查被动语态。②读懂句意,判断主语表示人还是物。当主语为人时,需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否由主语发出,若为主语发出,用主动语态,若不是主语发出,用被动语态。当主语为物时,谓语动词通常要用被动语态,由此可排除主动语态的选项。③同时,考生应熟记几种常考的被动语态的构成。再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生的动作的时态,选取对应的时态。时态的选取可结合本书P45专题十动词的时态的讲解。
例1:Hurry up! Once the concert starts, nobody ____ to enter the concert hall.
allows B. allowed
C. is allowed D. was allowed【方法点拨】第①步:观察语境,找到关键词“Hurry up”,可首先判断出本题的时态是一般现在时,排除B、D项;第②步:分析语境可知“nobody”和“allow”之间为动宾关系,用被动语态。故选C。例2 Everyone in our class ____ to take part in the English Speech Contest.
is encouraged B. encourages
C. are encouraging D. are encouraged
【方法点拨】第①步:观察语境,没有明显的时态提示词;第②步:分析句意“我们班的每个人 去参加英语演讲比赛。” 若Everyone是动作的执行者, 则本句缺少动作的承受者, 即句子的宾语。故排除主动语态B、C项;第③步:Everyone作主语, 谓语动词用单数, 故选A。
例3 My shoes ____ by someone, which really surprised me.
wash B. washed
C. are washed D. were washed【方法点拨】第①步:观察语境,主语My shoes表示物且空格后为by someone可知应用被动语态,故排除A、B项;第②步:分析语境:“我的鞋被某人____ ,这使我很惊讶。”由句中的“surprised”可知时态为过去的某种时态。故选D。◆常见被动语态的构成◆主动语态变被动语态的方法
1. 图示:2. 口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动◆使用被动语态结构的情况
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种植水稻。
2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者。如:
Smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station. 加气站里面不允许吸烟。 3. 需要强调和突出动作的承受者。如:
Your work must be finished today. 你(们)的工作必须今天完成。
4. 句子的主语是物。如:
Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。 ◆主动结构表被动意义的情况
1. open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义。如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。 This kind of shirts sells well here.这种款式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。
2. look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如:
Uniforms look ugly on us.我们穿着制服很难看。
Mooncakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。 3. be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如:This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。