2017高考英语短文改错解题技巧指导及练习选编(附答案)
命题原则:遵循5个原则1个陷井。
1.
以改动一词为原则:一般情况,每句至多有2处错误,每处只改动一词。即在错误的词上进行添加,删去,或改动一词。没有错误的句子自然不改。
2.
以改动一个层次为原则:即就原文中的
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某一个词改动时,要么改变词义,要么改变词性,要么改变形式,不能既改变词义又改变词性或既改变词性又改变词义。
3.
添加或删除词以虚词为主:即需要添加或
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )删除的词一般是冠词,连词,助动词,介词,不定式符号等,而动词,形容词,名词等有实际意义的一般不添加或删除,否则会改变句子的原意。
4.
改变形式以实词为主:对动词,形容词,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词,副词等有实际意义的一般只改变它的形式,很少会将其换成另外的一个词,更不能随意添加或删除,以免导致语篇意义的改变。
5.
句子原意保持不变为原
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )则:即不能改变文章所表达的意思,包括其语气和上下文的逻辑上的关系,只能对短文中的用词错误,语法错误,逻辑错误进行改正。
6.
小心局部通顺陷进:有时孤立地分析
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某个句子,可能其结构正确,语义通顺,但放到整个语篇中考虑就会发现该句中就存在不合符逻辑的地方,所以此时一定要结合语篇进行全面分析。
二.设错的特点
六个字:错词,多词,缺词.
即
错词更正,
缺词添加,
多词删除,只修改一处,标点符号大小写不变。
三.考点分布
1.
从词法上看,
主要考查:
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时态,语态,非谓语动词及情态动词的用法,名词,代词的数和格;冠词的基本用法;形容词,副词的比较级;主谓一致;连词和关系词的使用等.
2.
从句法上看,涉及到简单句,
否定句,疑问句,省略,替代等.
3.
从行文逻辑上看,人物的性别及与之相对应的代词,句义的并列与转折,时间的顺序,数量的增减以及因果的倒置等,都是值得考虑的因素.
四.
解题方法:
整篇理解,
分句解题.
【实战训练题】
【2016高考训练】
短文改错(共10个小题,每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:把缺词处加一个漏符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分
One
rainy
day
while
I
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was
walking
home
with
one
of
my
friend,
a
truck
came
to
a
stop
besides
us.
The
driver
put
the
window
down
and
offered
us
a
umbrella
because
he
found
we
were
wet
through.
I
stood
there
and
couldn’t
believe
in
that
a
complete
stranger
is
so
thoughtful.
The
man
insisted,
so
I
grateful
accepted
the
offer,
thanked
him
and
watched
the
truck
disappear
down
the
road.
This
man
might
need
the
umbrella
himself,
and
he
preferred
to
give
it
to
everyone
else.
It
was
a
lesson
to
us
that
it
was
possible
give
without
expect
anything
in
return.
短文改错(每小题1分,共10分)
71.
friendfr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iends
72.
besides
beside
73.
a
an
74.
believe
in
里面in
去掉
75.
is
was
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
76.
grateful
gratefully
77.
andbut
78.
everyone
someone
79.
give
前加上to
80.
expect
expecting
【2016高考训练】短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假段定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.
只允许修改
10
处,多者
(从第
11
处起)
不计分。
Have
you
ever
seen
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blue
ice
cream
topped
with
black
fruits
That
sounded
foreign
and
not
delicious
at
all!
That’s
the
power
of
colors.It
can
neither
make
your
dinner
more
delicious
or
to
spoil
the
whole
table. Scientists
have
found
that
blue
must
make
people
lose
appetite.If
you
don’t
want
to
eat
too
many
at
your
classmate’s
birthday
party,put
his
cake
on
a
blue
plate.You’ll
stop
eating
soon.Why
is
it
that
people
don’t
feel
like
eat
when
they
see
blue
It’s
all
in
their
mind.
People
relate
the
color
of
food
they
see
the
food
in
their
memory.
There
are
almost
no
blue
leafy
vegetable
and
no
blue
meat,
so
people
get
a
“foreign”
or
“strange”
feeling
about
the
blue
food
itself.So
what
should
go
into
dishes
You
need
to
think
it
over
after
helping
your
mum
with
dinner
to
make
a
better
decision.
短文改错
1.
sounded—sounds
2.
neither---either
3.
or后的to删除
4.must---may/might/
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can/could
5.
many—much
6.
his—your
7.eat---eating
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
8.the
food前添加to/with
9.vegetable—vegetables
10.after---before
【2016高考训练】短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,
满分10分)
假段定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,
请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有
10处语言错误,
每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),
并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,
并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,
多者(从第11处起)不计分。
There
is
good
news
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or
you.
Anyone
visited
Beijing
will
soon
be
able
to
visit
the
Forbidden
City
at
night.
The
Palace
Museum
plans
to
extend
their
opening
hours
to
make
it
more
conveniently
for
tourists.
Parts
of
the
museum
will
stay
open
until
night
to
allow
more
people
experience
China’s
traditional
culture
before
working
hours.
In
addition,
visitors
will
have
an
access
to
more
area
soon
after
the
renovation
(修缮)
work
is
completed
this
year.
Near
65%
of
the
Palace
Museum
will
then
be
open
to
visitors
to
mark
the
90th
anniversary
of
the
museum.
The
Forbidden
City,
that
was
built
at
the
beginning
of
the
Ming
Dynasty,
had
undergone
extensive
(大量的)
renovations
over
the
past
10
years.
短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
There
is
good
news
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
for
you.
Anyone
visited
Beijing
will
soon
be
able
to
visit
the
visiting
Forbidden
City
at
n
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight.
The
Palace
Museum
plans
to
extend
their
opening
hours
to
its
make
it
more
co
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nveniently
for
tourists.
Parts
of
the
museum
will
stay
open
until
night
convenient
to
allow
more
peopl
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
experience
China’s
traditional
culture
before
working
hours.
In
to
after
addition,
visitors
wi
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll
have
an
access
to
more
area
soon
after
the
renovation
(修缮)
work
areas
is
completed
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his
year.
Near
65%
of
the
Palace
Museum
will
then
be
open
to
visitors
Nearly
to
mark
the
90th
a
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nniversary
of
the
museum.
The
Forbidden
City,
that
was
built
at
which
the
beginning
of
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
Ming
Dynasty,
had
undergone
extensive
(大量的)
renovations
has
over
the
past
10
years.
【2016概论训练】短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
This
morning
on
m
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
way
to
school
I
was
deep
moved
by
what
I
saw
outside
a
bank.
An
old
man
was
counting
his
money
in
the
front
of
the
bank.
Suddenly
a
young
man
came
running
and
knocked
him
down.
To
make
things
bad,
his
money
was
lying
in
all
direction.
At
once
the
people
around
rush
to
pick
the
money
up,
while
the
old
man
stood
there,
not
know
what
to
do.
Surprisingly,
everyone
gave
back
the
money
they
had
just
picked.
The
old
man
counted
the
money
again
and
found
that
not
a
single
bill
was
missed.
To
my
great
joy,
there
are
now
a
lot
of
nice
people
in
your
life.
It’s
true
what
honesty
is
more
important
than
money!
短文改错:
deep-deeply
the去掉
bad-worse
direction-directions
rush-rushed
know-knowing
加上up
missed-missing
your-our
what-that
2016高考训练:短文改错。
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏子符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.
每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.
只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear
Jack,
How
is
everything
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )going
recently
I’m
writing
to
tell
you
something
more
about
my
birthday.
The
other
day
we
hold
a
party
to
celebrate
my
18th
birthday.
I
received
many
presents
from
my
friends
and
parents,
including
cards,
books,
CDs
or
so
on.
During
the
party
we
sang
and
danced,
having
good
time.
I
thanked
my
friends
for
his
help
and
company.
At
the
meantime,
I
showed
my
sincere
appreciation
to
my
parents
for
bringing
me
up.
Now
I
grow
up,
that
means
I
should
shoulder
more
responsibilities.
I’ll
try
my
best
to
share
more
houseworks
to
reduce
their
burden.
It’s
high
time
that
I
do
something
to
repay
them.
How
did
you
celebra
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te
your
18th
birthday
I’m
looking
forward
to
hear
from
you
soon.
Yours
Sincerely
Li
Jin
短文改错:
Dear
Jack,
How
is
everything
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
going
recently
I’m
writing
to
tell
you
something
more
about
my
birthday.
The
othe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
day
we
hold
a
party
to
celebrate
my
18th
birthday.
I
received
many
held
presents
from
my
fr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iends
and
parents,
including
cards,
books,
CDs
or
so
on.
During
the
and
party
we
sang
and
danced,
having
∧good
time.
a
I
thanked
my
f
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riends
for
his
help
and
company.
At
the
meantime,
I
showed
my
sincere
their
In
appreciation
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to
my
parents
for
bringing
me
up.
Now
I
grow
up,
that
means
I
should
which
shoulder
more
respons
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ibilities.
I’ll
try
my
best
to
share
more
houseworks
to
reduce
their
housework
burden.
It’s
high
time
that
I
do
something
to
repay
them.
did(或do前加
should)
How
did
you
celebrate
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your
18th
birthday
I’m
looking
forward
to
hear
from
you
soon.
hearing
Yours
Sincerely
Li
Jin
2016高考英语选练
(2015·新课标全国Ⅰ)
When
I
was
a
child,I
h
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oped
to
live
in
the
city.I
think
I
would
be
happy
there.Now
I
am
living
in
a
city,but
I
miss
my
home
in
countryside.There
the
air
is
clean
or
the
mountains
are
green.Unfortunately,on
the
development
of
industrialization,the
environment
has
been
polluted.Lots
of
studies
have
been
shown
that
global
warming
has
already
become
a
very
seriously
problem.The
airs
we
breathe
in
is
getting
dirtier
and
dirtier.Much
rare
animals
are
dying
out.We
must
found
ways
to
protect
your
environment.If
we
fail
to
do
so,we'll
live
to
regret
it.
1.解析 考查动词的时态。根据前面一句可知,这是发生在小时候的事情,故用一般过去时态。
答案 第2句:think→thought
2.解析 考查冠词的用法。in
the
countryside
(在乡村)为固定短语。
答案 第3句:countryside前加the
3.解析 考查并列词的用法。那儿的空气洁净,群山葱绿。由句意可知两个分句之间显然为并列关系,而非选择关系。
答案 第4句:or→and
4.解析 考查介词的用法。with
the
development
of...为一固定短语,意思是“随着……的发展”。
答案 第5句:on→with
5.解析 考查被动语态的用法
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。众多研究表明,全球变暖已经成为一个十分严重的问题。由句意可知,studies和谓语show之间为主动关系,故要用主动语态。
答案 第6句:去掉been
6.解析 考查形容词的用法。修饰名词problem应当用形容词。
答案 第6句:seriously→serious
7.解析 考查不可数名词的用法。air作“空气”讲时为不可数名词。
答案 第7句:airs→air
8.解析 考查代词的用法。Animals为可数名词复数,故用many。
答案 第8句:Much→Many
9.解析 考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后面要接动词原形。
答案 第9句:found→find
10.解析 考查语境中代词的用法。依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知your与上下文相悖,结合句意应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。
答案 第9句:your→our
(2015·新课标全国Ⅱ)
One
day,little
T
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ony
went
to
a
shopping
center
with
his
parent.It
was
very
crowded.Tony
saw
a
toy
on
a
shop
window.He
liked
it
so
very
much
that
he
quickly
walked
into
the
shop.After
looks
at
the
toy
for
some
time,he
turned
around
and
found
where
his
parents
were
missing.Tony
was
scared
and
begun
to
cry.A
woman
saw
him
crying
and
telling
him
to
wait
outside
a
shop.Five
minutes
later,Tony
saw
parents.Mom
said,“How
nice
to
see
you
again!Dad
and
I
were
terrible
worried.”Tony
promised
her
that
this
would
never
happen
again.
1.解析 考查名词复数。由第五句中的“his
parents
were
missing.”可知此处应当用复数形式。
答案 第1句:parent→parents
2.解析 考查介词的用法。玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的,故用介词in。
答案 第3句:
on→in
3.解析 考查固定句型的用法。由语境可知,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )托尼非常喜欢这个玩具,于是快速走进商店。so...that...为固定句型,意思是“如此……以至于……”,故去掉very。
答案 第4句:
去掉very
4.解析 考查省略的用法。After之后省去了主语he,he与look
at之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故应当用现在分词。
答案 第5句:
looks→looking
5.解析 考查宾语从句连接词的用法。动
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词found之后为宾语从句,从句为系表结构,意思完整,故将where去掉或改为没有词义且不作成分的that。
答案 第5句:
去掉where或where→that
6.解析 考查并列谓语的用法。由句子结构可知,begin与was
scared并列,因此,要用一般过去时。
答案 第6句:begun→began
7.解析 考查并列谓语的用法。有一
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )位妇女看到他哭泣就告诉他去商店外面等。由句意可知,tell这一动作是这个妇女发出的,应当与saw构成并列谓语。故改用told。
答案 第7句:telling→told
8.解析 考查冠词的用法。表示谈话双方共知的名词前要用定冠词。
答案 第7句:a→the
9.解析 考查物主代词的用法。根据句意及英语表达习惯,应当在parents前加上与主语相一致的物主代词。
答案 第8句:saw后加his
10.解析 考查副词的用法。形容词worried之前要用副词来修饰。
答案 第10句:terrible→terribly