四川2017高考英语短文改错（漏词）解题技巧指导

四川2017高考英语短文改错（漏词）解题技巧指导
漏词：句中漏掉了系动词,冠词,物主代词,介词及不定式符号
to
等.
1.
漏不定冠词的常考点
（1）抽象名词前通常不用冠词，但具体化了的抽象名词已成为可数名词，使用时前面常漏掉不定冠词。
Eg.
It
is
pleasure
to
help
others
when
they
are
in
trouble.
析：
抽象名词pleasure具体化了已成为可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a
又如：It
is
a
great
honor
to
do
sth
，
success
和failure在具体化时成为考点
（2）物质名词coffee,
drink
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
tea,
beer等表示“一杯，一个。。。”时，已转化为可数名词，其前的不定冠词常被漏掉或该名词没有用复数形式。
Eg
.
I
would
like
coffee
and
two
beers.
析：
抽象名词coffee具体化了已成为可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a
(3)
常用的含不定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用法。
Twice
a
week,
a
day
o
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
two,
once
in
a
while,
all
of
a
sudden,
once
upon
a
time,
as
a
matter
of
fact,
in
a
loud
voice,
in
a
word,
catch/have/get
a
cold,
do
a
good
deed,
go
out
for
a
walk,
have
a
good
time,
make
a
face,
take
a
seat,
as
a
result,
have
a
fever,
in
a
hurry,
a
great
many,
after
a
while,
have
an
effect
on
,
pay
a
visit
to,
have
a
rest，make
a
difference
to,
2．
漏定冠词的常考点
（1）表示天体，方位，乐器等名词前面以及序数词，形容词最高级前面漏掉定冠词
Eg.
@
The
sky
is
blue
and
sun
is
shinning.
@
his
daughter
plays
piano
very
well.
@
what
new
subject
will
we
have
in
first
grade

（析：
上述句子缺少定冠词）
（2）固定结构或习惯用法短语没有记牢导致漏掉定冠词
Eg.
@
he
was
born
in
1990’s
and
moved
to
America
in
2014
(3)
常用的含定冠词的固定搭配和习惯用法
The
+比较级…the+比较级,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by
+the
+meter/kilometer
/day/week/month/year/kilo等计量名词，in
the
1990’s,
at
the
beginning
of,
to
tell
you
the
truth,
with
the
help
of,
at
the
moment,
at
the
age
of
,
by
the
way,
at
the
same
time,
take
the
place
of
,
in
the
distance,
in
the
end,
the
other
day,
on
the
other
hand,
the
more
beautiful
of
the
twins,
the
whole
weekend,
on
the
Internet,
in
the
morning/afternoon/evening,
in
the
last/past
five
years,
the
rest
of
,
on
the
contrary
3.
漏掉不定式符号to
（1）
使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中被省略的宾语补足语的不定式符号to
变为被动语态时，往往漏掉不定式符号to。
Eg.
He
was
made
work
day
and
night
in
the
factory.
（析：
上述句子work前缺少不定式符号to
）
（2）用不定式代替上文提到的动词或动词短语时应保留不定式符号to，但测试中往往漏掉不定式符号to。
Eg.
@
I
asked
him
to
play
football,
but
he
didn’t
want.
（析：
上述句子want后缺少不定式符号to
）
@
The
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )teacher
allowed
Li
Ming
to
do
the
experiment
,but
I
wasn’t
allowed
.
(析：
第二个
allowed
后加
to
)
（3）
在某个谓语动词之后又出现一个动词的原型，此时往往漏掉了不定式符号to
Eg
@
I
came
here
buy
the
book
you
mentioned
yesterday
.
(析：
here
后加
to
)
（4）
在某些特殊动词之后必须接不定式作宾语时，往往漏掉了不定式符号to
Eg.
@
Everyone
wants
see
the
film
.
(析：
wants
后加
to
)
@
The
boy
expected
be
taken
to
the
zoo.
（析：
expected
后加
to
）
此类动词主要有：want,
hope
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
expect,
intend,
manage,
plan,
afford,
ask,
attempt,
decide,
offer,
pretend,
promise,
refuse,
wish,
agree
等要接不定式作宾语。
（5）
特殊句式要牢记：
@
it
takes
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
@
have
no
choice
but
to
do
sth
@
...too
adj/adv
to
do
sth
@
...adj/adv+enough
to
do
sth
@
it
is
+adj
for
/of
sb
to
do
sth
Eg.
@
The
enemy
had
no
choice
but
lay
down
their
arms.
（析：
but
后加
to
）
@
It
took
him
ten
minutes
get
to
school
.
（析：
minutes
后加
to
）
@
She
is
too
young
take
care
of
herself.
（析：
young
后加
to
）
@
It
was
very
difficult
for
a
child
work
out
this
problem.
（析：
child后加
to
）
（6）
受定向思维干扰的can/
could
之后
Eg.
His
step-mother
did
all
she
could
help
him
.
(
析:
could后加
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
,原句补充完整为His
step-mother
did
all
she
could
do
to
help
him
)
4．漏掉了系动词，助动词(do/does/did/have/has/had等)
和情态动词（can/could）
Eg.
@
They
eager
to
know
everything
about
China
.
(析：
eager
前加
are
)
@
This
bridge
18
meters
long
.
(析：
bridge
后加
is
)
@
I
very
happy
to
meet
you
.
(析：
I
后加
am
)
@
His
mother
died
when
he
19
years
old
.
(析：
he
后加was
)
@
Only
then
I
realize
that
I
was
wrong.
(析：
Only
+状语位于句首，
句子要部分倒装，故
I
前加did
)
@
Only
in
this
way
we
work
out
the
problem.
(析：
Only
+状语位于句首，
句子要部分倒装，故
we
前加
can
)
@
They
lived
in
Beijing
since
1990.
(析：
They
后加
have
)
5．漏介词：漏掉介词主要表现为介词
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的用法错误，因此我们要掌握介词的一些基本用法和含义，注意其固定搭配以及作定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，其后的介词不能漏掉等。
Eg.
@
None
of
us
knows
who
the
old
man
depends.
(析：
depends
后加
on
)
@
Every
child
is
taken
good
care.
(析：
care
后加
of
)
@
The
ice
is
too
thin
to
skate.
(析：
skate
后加
on
)
@
The
music
is
nice
to
listen.
(析：
listen
后加to
)
@
We
have
to
find
a
hotel
to
stay
.
(析：
stay
后加
in
)
@
This
is
what
he
is
worrying
.
(析：
worrying
后加about
)
@
These
problems
ought
to
be
paid
special
attention.
(析：
attention
后加
to
)
@
Every
minute
should
be
made
full
use.
(析：
use
后加of
)
@
This
picture
is
worth
looking
.
(析：
looking
后加
at
)
@
He
came
on
foot
instead
of
car
.
(析：
of
后加
by
)
@
Some
of
my
classmates
look
down
me
.
(析：
down
后加
on
)
@
He
was
praised
because
what
he
had
done
for
the
disabled
boy
.
(析：
because
后加of
)
常见的易漏掉介词的短语：arrive
in
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/
at
,
stick
to,
insist
on,
belong
to,
stare
at
,
glare
at,
object
to,
look
forward
to,
pay
attention
to,
make
use
of
,
catch
up
with,
lead
to,
result
in,
result
from,
look
down
upon,
take
part
in,
look
after,
take
care
of,
walk
out
of
,
look
out
of,
break
away
from,
watch
out
for,
prepare
for,
depend
on,
listen
to,
look
for,
according
to,
as
for,
for
the
purpose
of,
owing
to
,
due
to,
apart
from,
for
fear
of,
in
addition
to,
instead
of,
because
of,
as
a
result
of,
in
case
of,
in
spite
of,
thanks
to,
take
pride
in,
be
proud
of,
play
tricks
on,
show
an
interest
in,
be
different
from,
argue
with,
be
worried
about,
be
ashamed
of,
thank
sb
for
doing
sth,
be
sorry
for
doing
sth,
apologize
to
sb
for
doing
sth,
forgive
sb
for
doing
sth
,
respond
to,
refer
to
,
have
…
in
common
with
sb,
make
a
great
impression
on
sb
,
get/
stand/
sit
close
to,
get
on
well
with,
to
one’s
surprise/
joy/delight/relief/
disappointment
,
devote
…to
,
be
strict
with
sb
in
sth,
do
well
in,
be
good
at,
be
accessible
to,
have
access
to,
be
similar
to,等
【实战训练题】
(2015·浙江高考)
My
old
classr
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oom
was
interesting
because
three
side
of
the
classroom
were
made
from
glass.I
enjoyed
sit
close
to
the
windows
and
looking
at
the
view.On
the
left－hand
side
of
the
class，I
could
easy
see
the
football
field.In
the
mornings，it
was
full
of
students
exercising.The
view
from
the
back
of
the
classroom
is
also
splendid.Close
to
the
school
there
was
a
beautiful
park
with
many
trees
around
them.Farther
in
the
distance，I
could
not
enjoy
the
view
of
snowy
mountains.On
the
right
side
of
the
class
was
the
road.I
was
always
interested
to
see
the
drivers
in
hurry
in
the
morning.The
position
of
the
classroom
with
its
view
made
me
felt
like
I
was
dreaming.If
I
was
only
a
child
when
I
studied
in
that
classroom，I
will
never
forget
it.
1．解析　考查名词的复数形式。前面有three修饰，故要用复数形式。
答案　第一句：side→sides
2．解析　考查固定表达。be
made
of是指不经过加工，能直接看出原材料；be
made
from是指经过加工，不能直接看出原料。
答案　第一句：from→of
3．解析　考查非谓语动词。动词enjoy后要接动名词作宾语。
答案　第二句：sit→sitting
4．解析　考查形容词和副词的错用。修饰动词see要有副词形式。
答案　第三句：easy→easily
5．解析　考查动词的时态。本文描述的是作者原来的旧教室，故要时态保持一致，用一般过去时。
答案　第五句：is→was
6．解析　考查代词的错用。代替前面的单数a
beautiful
park要用it。
答案　第六句：them→it
7．解析　考查逻辑关系。在更远处，我可以欣赏雪山的美景。
答案　第七句：not去掉
8．解析　考查固定表达。in
a
hurry匆匆忙忙。
答案　第九句：in后加a
9．解析　考查非谓语动词。make
sb
do...使某人做某事。
答案　第十句：felt→feel
10．解析　考查状语从句引导词。尽管在那座教室学习时我是唯一的一个孩子，但我将永远忘不了它。
答案　最后一句：If→Although/Though
(2015·陕西高考)
My
soccer
co
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ach
retired
in
last
week.I
wanted
to
do
anything
special
for
him
at
his
retirement
party.My
mum
makes
the
better
biscuits
in
the
world，so
I
decide
to
ask
her
for
help.Mum
taught
me
some
basic
step
of
baking.I
insisted
on
doing
most
of
the
baking
myself.I
thought
the
biscuits
were
really
well.My
only
mistake
was
that
I
dropped
some
on
the
floor
after
I
was
packing
them
up.
At
a
party，my
coach
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，with
a
biscuit
in
his
mouth，asked
surprisingly
who
made
them
and
joked，“I
might
have
to
retire
again
next
year
just
get
some
more
of
these
biscuits.”
My
favorite
picture
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
at
the
party
is
of
my
coach
and
me
enjoy
the
biscuits
with
happy
laughter!
1．解析　last
week上个星期，前面无需加冠词。
答案　去掉in
2．解析　something用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”，anything“任何事”。
答案　anything→something
3．解析　我的妈妈做了世界上最好吃的饼干，此处不是比较含义，应是最高级(best)。
答案　better→best
4．解析　全文的时态都是一般过去时，故把decide改为decided。
答案　decide→decided
5．解析　根据前面的some，step应该是复数形式。
答案　step→steps
6．解析　作表语的是形容词good，well是副词，作状语。
答案　well→good
7．解析　我唯一所犯的错误就是当我包装饼干的时候，掉在地上一些。when/while当……的时候，after
在……之后。
答案　after→when/while
8．解析　此处表特指，at
the
party
在晚会上。
答案　a→the
9．解析　动词不定式表示目的，我也许得再退休一次，能吃到更多的饼干。
答案　just后加to
10．解析　and连接两个并列的(动)名词，enjoy是动词，所以改成enjoying。
答案　enjoy→enjoying
(2015·四川高考)
Hi,
Janice，
It's
been
a
month
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
since
I
came
to
this
new
school
and
I
really
want
share
with
you
some
of
the
problems
I
have
been
experiencing.
As
I
tell
you
last
t
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime,
I
made
three
new
friend
here.We
hang
out
together
during
lunch
and
after
school.We've
been
spending
a
lot
of
time
sing
in
karaoke
bars.It's
been
three
Saturdays
now
and
it
really
costs
me
many.And
I
started
to
see
this
as
a
time－wasting
activity!
In
fact，I
don't
like
to
go
anymore,
so
I'm
afraid
I'll
lose
their
friendship.How
do
you
think
I
should
do
If
you
are
me，would
you
talk
to
him
Please
help
with
me
and
give
me
some
advice.
Grace
1．解析　考查动词want的用法，want后用不定式作状语，故加上to。
答案　want后加to
2．解析　考查时态。根据时间状语last
time可知，此句需用一般过去时，故把tell改成told。句意：正如我上次告诉你的那样。
答案　tell→told
3．解析　考查名词的复数。名词fri
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )end为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。
答案　friend→friends
4．解析　考查动名词作宾语。本句考查句型spend...(in)doing
sth结构，故把sing改成singing。
答案　sing→singing
5．解析　考查代词。根据句意，指的是花费很多钱，故用much而非many。句意：那真的花费很多。
答案　many→much
6．解析　考查连词。上一分句句意：我不想再去；下一分句句意：我怕失去他们的友谊，两个分句之间有转折关系，故把so改成but。
答案　so→but
7．解析　考查疑问词的选择。本句中do之后缺少宾语，故用what。
答案　How→What
8．解析　考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不符，故把are改成were。句意：如果你是我，……。
答案　are→were
9．解析　考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them。句意：你会和他们说吗？
答案　him→them
10．解析　考查动词。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。
答案　去掉with