重庆2017高考英语短文改错：错词解题技巧指导附答案

重庆2017高考英语短文改错：错词解题技巧指导附答案
1.
时态和语态错误：全篇用现在时，而短
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文中某处却用了不合逻辑的过去时，或全篇用的是过去时，某处却用了现在时，
或主句用的是过去时，而后面的从句却用了现在时；该用主动语态却用了被动语态，该用被动语态却用了主动语态。
Eg.
(1)
Some
think
smoking
was
a
pleasure.
(析：
was改为
is
)
(2)
Last
Sunday,
p
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olice
cars
hurry
to
the
tallest
building
in
New
York.
(析：
hurry改为
hurried
)
(3)
He
not
only
came
to
see
me
but
also
tell
me
the
news.
(析：
tell改为
told
)
(4)
I
thought
I
have
sent
the
letter
a
week
before.
(析：
have
改为
had.
在主
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从复合句中，主句用一般现在时，从句根据需要可以用任何时态，但主句如用过去时则从句要用相对应的过去时态。)
（5）牢记以下固定句式：
@
it/this/th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at
is
was
the
first/second…/last
time
(
that
)
sb
have/has/had
done
sth.
@
was/
were
about
to
do
sth
when
…
从句常用过去时
@
Hardly
had
+主语+过去分词
+
when
+主语+过去式
@
No
sooner
had
+主语+过去分词
+
than
+主语+过去式
@
not…until…结构中，若主句用的是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时
@
it
is/
has
+一段时间
+since+
主语+过去式
@
It’s
a
pity
that
…
@
it’s
high
time
that+主语+过去式
2.
非谓语动词形式错误。
（1）下列动词后只接v-ing
形
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )式：appreciate,
consider（考虑）,
enjoy,
escape,
advise,
finish,
imagine,
mind,
miss（错过）,
practice,
risk,
suggest,
admit,
avoid,
insist
on
doing,
can’t
help
doing,
put
off
doing
（2）下列动词接to
do
或v-ing，含义不同。
remember
to
do
sth,
remember
doing
sth
forget
to
do
sth
,
forget
doing
sth
regret
to
do
sth,
regret
doing
sth
try
to
sth,
try
doing
sth
mean
to
do
sth,
mean
doing
sth
stop
to
do
sth,
stop
doing
sth
go
on
to
do
sth,
go
on
doing
sth
（3）be
(well)
wort
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h
doing,
和表示需要讲的
want,
need,
require
后用v-ing以主动表示被动意义.
(
want,
need,
require后或接to
be
done)
（4）非谓语动词作状语也是重要考点
Eg.
Felt
hungry
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),
we
built
a
fire
by
the
lake
and
barbecued
the
fish.
(析：
Felt改为
Felling.
)
(5)
牢记特殊结构：Generally
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
speaking
(In
general),
Judging
from,
Honestly
speaking,
Strictly
speaking,
Time
permitting,
Personally,
3．主谓一致问题或主语和它的代词不一致
Eg.
(1)
Either
your
students
or
Mr
Wang
know
this.
(析：
know改为
kn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ows.
由or,
either…or,
neither…nor,
not
only…,but
also…,
等连接的并列成分作主语，
谓语动词与最近的主语一致。)
（2）Ten
years
are
a
short
time
in
a
person’s
life
(析：
are改为
is.
表示时间，价格，距离等复合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式
)
（3）Every
boy
and
every
girl
in
our
class
love
her.
(析：
love改为
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )loves.
由and
连接的并列单数名词前如果有no,
each,
every,
等修饰时
，
谓语动词用单数形式。)
（4）He
is
the
only
one
of
the
friends
who
are
working
hard
(析：
are改为
is
)
（5）Two-thirds
of
the
work
are
finished.
(析：
are改为
is
)
（6）Many
a
student
have
joined
the
league.
(析：
have改为
has
)
（7）Henry,
rather
than
Jane
and
John,
are
responsible
for
the
loss
(析：
are改为
is
)
（8）The
Smiths
did
his
best
to
make
me
feel
at
home.
(析：
句中主语为复数,故将
his
改为
their
)
4．形容词和副词的误用。形容词一般修饰名词，代词或系动词后作表语；而副词一般修饰形容词，副词，动词或句子，在句子中作状语。
Eg.
(1)
he
looked
strange
at
us
and
said,
“
Didn’t
you
know ”
(析：
strange
改为
strangely
)
(2)
I
wish
you
a
pleasantly
journey
to
Hainan.
(析：
pleasantly
改为
pleasant
)
(3)
He
used
to
be
poorly
in
Chinese
and
Mr
Wang
helped
him.
(析：
poorly
改为
poor
)
(4)
注意他们的区别
A.
Close,
closely；
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hard,
hardly；late,
later,
lately；wide,
widely；high,
highly；near,
nearly；
most,
mostly；real,
really；serious,
seriously；complete,
completely,；possible,
possibly；
true,
truly；free,
freely；firm,
firmly；strong,
strongly；gradual,
gradually；general,
generally；sudden,
suddenly；recent,
recently；easy,
easily；final,
finally；especial,
especially；anxious,
anxiously；extreme,
extremely；simple,
simply；equal,
equally；terrible,
terribly；probable,
probably；
B.
cause,
reason;
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )before,
ago;
receive,
accept;
take,
bring;
here,
there;
manage,
try;
persuade,
advise;
ask,
answer;
come,
go;
little,
few;
cross,
across;
either,
too;
affect,
effect;
therefore,
however;
writing,
written;
spoken,
speaking;
beside,
besides;
so,
because;
live,
alive,
living;
aloud,
loudly;
like,
likely;
borrow,
lend;
C.
Look,
taste,
feel,
sound,
smell等感官动词后只接形容词也不用被动语态,
The
dishes
my
mother
cooked
tasted
wonderfully.
(析：
wonderfully
改为
wonderful
)
D.
形容词和副词(比较等级)误用.
Eg.
@
As
a
res
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ult
,
people
in
the
modern
world
generally
live
much
more
longer
than
people
in
the
past
.
(析：
longer
本身即构成比较级,故将
more
去掉
)
@
After
learn
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing
the
basic
of
the
subject
,
nothing
else
seemed
very
practically
to
me.
(析：
连系动词后要用形容词,故将
practically
改为
practical
)
@
I
thought
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
it
might
be
interested
to
begin
studying
another
language
.
(析：
interested
改为
interesting
)
5.
连词的误用.
Eg.
@
the
food
was
expensive
and
the
service
was
good.
(析：
前后是转折关系,故将and
改为
but
)
@
I
told
Mo
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther
,Father,
Sister
and
all
my
friends
that
a
great
time
I
had
.
(析：
感叹句作宾语,故将
that
改为
what
)
6.
思维定势的干扰
Eg.
I
also
enjoyed
the
evening
when
we
spent
together.
(析：
尽管
evening
是时间名词,但做及物动词的宾语,故将
when
改为which/
that
或省略when
)
7.
句子结构中平行,并列关系混乱
Eg.
It
was
ve
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry
kind
of
you
to
meet
me
at
the
railway
station
and
drove
me
to
your
home
.
(析：
句中drove
应为drive
,
才能与前面
to
meet
的保持平行并列关系
)
8.
行文逻辑错误
Eg.
Luckily,
he
became
an
orphan
because
of
his
parents’death
.
(析：
句中Luckily
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
应为Unluckily.
该表达否定意思时没有加no
/
not
,
而在表达肯定意思时却加了no
/
not；
该用neither
时误用了either
,该用never时误用了
ever,
该用either时用了
too，
neither
与none
的误用
)
9.
常考的不可数名词：advice
,
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fun
,
news
,work,
homework
,weather,
luck,
information
,
furniture,
luggage
,
baggage,
rubbish
,
trash,
progress,
change（零钱）,
equipment,
help,
experience（经验）
10.
背诵下列词组：
The
key
to,
th
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
answer
to,
the
reply
to,
the
entrance
to,
as
soon
as
possible,
as
usual,
so
long
as,
on
the
way
(
to),
for
one
thing…for
another,
one…the
other,
some…others,
on
(the)
one
hand…on
the
other
hand,
not
only…but
also,
one
of
the
students,
many
teachers,
most
of
the
students,
be
widely
used,
burst
into
tears,
burst
out
crying,
burst
into
laughter,
burst
out
laughing,
be
interested
in
,
as
far
as
one
is
concerned
,
in
one’s
opinion,
in
one’s
view,
to
one’s
surprise,
to
one’s
joy;
as
well
as,
be
filled
with,
be
full
of,
be
popular
with,
be
familiar
with,
be
familiar
to,
be
famous
for,
be
famous
as,
be
well-known
for,
be
well-known
as,
result
in,
result
from,
prevent…(from)
doing,
stop…(from)doing
sth,
keep…from
doing
sth,
protect…from/against,
do
sb
harm,
do
harm
to
sb,
be
harmful
to,
such
a
+adj
+n
that…=so
+adj
+a+n
that…,
so+adj/adv
+that
…,hear
from,
two
weeks
ago,
share
sth
with
sb,
what’s
worse,
worse
still,
to
make
the
matters
worse,
what’s
more,
with
one’s
help,
with
the
help
of,
compared
with,…
focus
one’s
attention
on,
with
the
hope
of,
for
the
purpose
of,
on
purpose,
by
accident,
spend..(in)
doing
sth
,
spend
…on
sth,
it
takes
sb
some
time
to
do
sth
,
on
her
eightieth
birthday,
in
the
1980s/1980’s,
in
his
thirties,
in
a
word,
in
return
(for),
many
places
of
interest,
many
attractions,
belong
to,
get
close
to
nature,
be
5
kilometres
away
from…,be
busy
with
sth,
be
busy
doing
sth,
be
worth
doing,
be
occupied
in
doing
sth,
all
of
a
sudden,
On
a
rainy
evening,
as
many
as,
as
much
as;
three
years
later,
after
three
years;
twice
a
week;
four
years
ago;
was
about
to
do
sth
when…;as
time
went
by,
with
time
going
by,
as
is
known,
as
is
planned
【实战训练题】
(2014·陕西高考)My
fathe
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r
took
me
out
camping
for
the
first
time
when
I
was
seven.He
wanted
teach
me
about
animals，insects
and
trees.My
uncles
all
come
along
with
bows
and
arrows
for
hunting.
One
evening
at
suns
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et，we
sat
by
the
fire，have
our
barbecue.Just
then
a
bird
was
flying
over
us.My
uncles
immediate
jumped
up
and
shot
their
arrows
on
the
bird.Neither
of
the
arrows
hit
the
target.Suddenly
the
arrows
was
flying
down
at
us
from
the
sky－they
were
looked
like
rain！We
ran
to
escape
but
fortunately
no
one
was
injured.
That
day
I
didn't
le
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arn
much
about
animals，insects
or
trees，but
I
learnt
a
impressive
lesson
about
gravity!
1．解析　考查非谓语动词。want
to
do
sth想要做某事，为固定搭配。
答案　He
wanted后加to
2．解析　考查动词时态。本文的主体时态为一般过去时。
答案　My
uncles
all
come
改为came
3．解析　考查非谓语动词。一个句子只能有一个谓语动词，因此此处应为非谓语动词作伴随状语。
答案　One
evening
at
sunset，we
sat
by
the
fire，have
改为having
4．解析　考查形容词副词修饰关系。副词修饰后面的动词jumped
up。
答案　My
uncles
immediate
改为immediately
5．解析　考查介词的使用。shoot
at.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )..朝……射击。下文的Suddenly
the
arrows
was
flying
down
at
us
from
the
sky.也给本句提供了答案。
答案　shot
their
arrows
on
the
bird...把on改为at
6．解析　考查不定代词。根据前文的arrows一词可以看出，此处不是只有两只箭，因此把Neither改为None，表示三支以上。
答案　Neither
of
the
arrows
hit
the
target.Neither改为
None
7．解析　考查主谓一致。主语为复数形式arrows，谓语动词应用复数。
答案　Suddenly
the
arrows
was
flying
down
at
us
from
the
sky.was改为were
8．解析　考查语态。look作为系动词，无需用被动语态。
答案　...they
were
looked
like
rain！去掉were
9．解析　考查连词。根据句意：我们跑开了，幸运的是，没有人受伤。可以看出，此处为承接关系，并非转折关系。
答案　We
ran
to
escape
but
fortunately
no
one
was
injured.but改为and
10．解析　考查冠词的使用。后面的impressive一词第一个读音为元音，因此用an。
答案　I
learnt
a
impressive
lesson
about
gravity，a改为an
(2014·辽宁高考)
Dear
Jeremy
and
Alice，
Although
we've
bee
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n
delighted
to
have
you
as
neighbors，we're
hoping
to
settle
something
that
bothers
to
us.In
a
word，your
dog－Cleo.
We've
called
severa
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l
time
about
Cleo's
early
morning
barking.It
is
difficult
to
understanding
why
she
barks
every
minute
she's
outside.The
early
morning
barking
have
been
disturbing
us
as
we
are
often
up
all
night
with
the
baby.Beside，Cleo
tends
to
bark
a
average
of
six
hours
a
day.This
morning
she
starts
barking
even
before
5
o'clock.That
is
too
much
for
us，considering
how
closely
the
houses
are.
We
appreciate
our
ap
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ologies
and
goodwill，but
we
hope
that
you
can
figure
a
good
way
of
settling
the
matter.
Sincerely，
Jack
and
Rose
1．解析　bother为及物动词，无需加to。
答案　we're
hoping
to
settle
something
that
bothers
to
us.去掉to
2．解析　当“次数”讲时，time为可数名词。
答案　We've
called
s
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everal
time
about
Cleo's
early
morning
barking.time改为times
3．解析　动词不定式符号to后跟动词原形。
答案　It
is
difficult
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
to
understanding
why
she
barks
every
minute
she's
outside.understanding改为understand
4．解析　主谓一致问题。主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式。
答案　The
early
mornin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g
barking
have
been
disturbing
us
as
we
are
often
up
all
night
with
the
baby.have改为has
5．解析　besides除此之外，连词。beside在……一边，介词。
答案　Beside，Cleo
tends
to...Beside改为Besides
6．Cleo
tends
to
bark
a
...a改为an
7．解析　考查时态。今天早晨的事情自然用一般过去时。
答案　This
morning
she
starts
barking
even
before...starts改为started
8．解析　考查形容词close和closely的区别，房子距离近用close，具体意义；closely表抽象意义。
答案　That
is
too
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
much
for
us，considering
how
closely
the
houses
are.closely改为close
9．解析　考查人称代词。我们感激你的歉意，后句的you给本题提供了答案。
答案　We
appreciate
our
apologies
and
goodwill，...our改为your
10．解析　考查固定搭配。figure
out找出。
答案　but
we
hope
that
you
can
figure后加out
(2015·河北衡水中学一调)
Good
morning，
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everyone.It's
great
honor
for
me
to
speak
here.My
name's
Li
Xiaojun，born
in
a
harmonious
family.My
father
and
mother
are
all
high
school
teachers.Influenced
by
them，I
read
widely
during
my
early
age，but
I've
developed
a
great
interest
in
arts
and
sports.I'm
easy－going，get
along
well
with
my
classmates.
It
is
this
personalit
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y
which
helps
me
win
over
all
my
classmates'
friendships，and
also
help
me
overcome
many
difficulties
both
in
academic
and
personal
life.Being
admitted
in
your
university
has
always
been
a
beautiful
dream
for
me.I
dream
constantly
that
I，along
with
mine
classmates，will
study
happy
with
the
help
of
the
respectable
professors.I
dream
that
I
will
swim
freely
in
the
sea，enjoying
the
waves
of
knowledge.
I
hope
all
my
dream
will
come
true
in
the
near
future.Thank
you.
1．解析　考查抽象名词具体化。honor此处用作可数名词。
答案　It's
∧a
2．解析　考查不定代词的用法。爸爸和妈妈，是两个人。both两者都；all
三者或以上都。
答案　all→both或去掉all
3．解析　考查行文间的逻辑关系。根据意思，两个分句之间是并列关系。
答案　but→and
4．解析　考查非谓语动词或动词的用法。前面是系表结构，故get应当为非谓语形式getting，也可理解为并列谓语，故也可添加and。
答案　get→getting/and
get
5．解析　考查强调句型。这里是强调结构，强调主语this
personality。
答案　which→that
6．解析　考查主谓一致。根据并列连词and可知此空与前面的谓语动词helps应当一致。
答案　help→helps
7．解析　考查固定短语中的介词。“被……接纳或录取”通常译为be
admitted
to。
答案　in→to
8．解析　考查名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法。名词前应当使用形容词性物主代词。
答案　mine→my
9．解析　考查形容词与副词的转换。副词作状语，修饰动词study。
答案　happy→happily
10．解析　考查语境中名词的用法。dream为可数名词，限定词all之后的可数名词要用复数形式。
答案　dream→dreams
(2015·河南新乡许昌平顶山二调)
Dear
Mr.Green，
I
am
very
exciting
to
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )learn
that
we
are
going
to
start
a
magazine
together.It
is
indeed
a
wonderful
idea
and
everyone
hopes
its
success.
I
would
like
a
magazin
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e
to
have
three
columns.News，Teachers'
Advice
or
Students'
Voice.From
the
News
column
we
can
learn
about
what
was
going
on
in
both
of
our
schools.In
Teachers'
Advice，our
teacher
can
give
us
such
help
that
we
may
not
be
able
to
get
in
the
classroom.Students'
Voice
will
allow
us
to
free
express
our
thoughts
and
feelings
about
our
lives
and
studies.
I
believe
that
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
this
magazine
will
surely
strengthen
between
our
ties，and
I
am
looking
forward
to
read
it.
Yours
faithfully，
Li
Hua
1．解析　考查形容词。我感到非常高兴。excited感到高兴的。
答案　exciting
→
excited
2．解析　考查介词。
hope
for希望，希望得到。动词hope后接不定式或that从句，不可直接接名词作宾语。
答案　hopes后加for
3．解析　考查冠词。我想要这个杂
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )志有三个栏目。前面．..start
a
magazine已经提到magazine，故第二次出现要用定冠词。
答案　a
→
the
4．解析　考查连词。新闻、老师的建议和学生之声。这里是对三个栏目的详细说明，所以要用and连接。
答案　or
→
and
5．解析　考查时态。从新闻栏目我们可以了解到我们学校正在发生的事情。根据句意可知要用现在进行时。
答案　was
→
is
6．解析　考查名词。我们的老师能够给我们提供帮助。表示“我们的老师”要用复数形式。
答案　teacher
→
teachers
7．解析　考查定语从句。老师能够给我们提供
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在教室里得不到的帮助。such...as...象……这样的……。根据句子结构可知，动词get缺少宾语，由此可判断出此处是定语从句，而不是结果状语从句。
答案　that
→
as
8．解析　考查副词。自由地表达我们的想法和情感。修饰动词express要用副词freely。
答案　free
→
freely
9．解析　这本杂志将会加强我们的联系。our
ties作动词strengthen的宾语，between多余。
答案　去掉between
10．解析　考查非谓语动词。固定表达look
forward
to中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词。
答案　read
→
reading