2017版高三牛津版英语一轮考点规范练：选修6 unit4 helping people around the world

考点规范练19(模块六　Unit
4)
　考点规范练第38页　
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Robots
have
proven
very
useful
in
different
situations.But
those
robots
are
small
remote-controlled
tanks
with
a
mechanical
arm,and
they
can
get
hung
up
on
narrow
stairwells(楼梯井)
and
are
stopped
by
ladders.“A
lot
of
the
places
where
you
do
disaster
recovery
are
only
accessible
for
people,”says
Marc
Raibert,the
president
of
Boston
Dynamics,which
is
providing
advice
and
help
for
Defense
Advanced
Research
Projects
Agency(DARPA)—the
scientific
research
department
of
the
U.S.
military(军队)—to
create
the
most
advanced
robots
on
earth.“If
you’re
a
humanoid—a
machine
or
creature
with
the
appearance
and
qualities
of
a
human—access
can
be
increased
and
you
can
use
available
tools.”In
the
future
DARPA
hopes,a
humanoid
robot
will
be
able
to
drive
trucks,and
enter
power
plants.
That
future
is
a
long
way
off.Simple
movements
like
squatting(蹲)
are
almost
impossible
for
something
with
metal
parts
and
skin
that
cannot
bend,says
Raibert.Still,recent
progress
is
impressive
enough
that
the
military
has
begun
to
bet
on
legged
bots.The
Office
of
Naval
Research
is
working
with
Virginia
Tech
on
a
humanoid
firefighting
robot,and
Dynamics
showed
off
two
of
its
latest
projects:Cheetah,a
four-legged
robot
capable
of
running
28
miles
per
hour,and
the
Legged
Squad
Support
System,a
big
and
awkward
headless
robot
funded
by
DARPA
and
the
Marine
Corps
to
help
carry
things
in
places
like
mountain
areas.
“Half
the
land
on
earth
is
too
rough,sandy,or
rocky
for
wheeled
things,”says
Raibert.“Humans
and
animals
can
go
to
those
places.They
are
the
only
examples
of
successful
systems
that
do
what
we’re
trying
to
do.”
None
of
the
walking
robots
is
meant
to
fight.They’re
designed
to
put
out
fires
and
clean
up
industrial
accidents.But
they
are
all
funded
by
the
military.“I’m
well
aware
of
how
the
world
works,”says
Dennis
Hong,founding
director
of
Virginia
Tech’s
robotics
lab.“Robots
for
me
are
tools
to
help
society,not
to
fight
in
wars.But
once
a
technology
leaves
our
lab,there’s
no
way
to
control
how
people
can
use
it.”
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。未来的机器人将会设计得越来越像人类,并能完成复杂的任务。
1.In
Marc
Railbert’s
opinion,robots
need
to
be
designed
like
humans
to
　　　.
A.accomplish
complex
tasks
B.be
controlled
efficiently
C.survive
disasters
D.appear
friendly
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If
you’re
a
humanoid...access
can
be
increased
and
you
can
use
available
tools...a
humanoid
robot
will
be
able
to
drive
trucks,and
enter
power
plants.”可知,类人化的机器人可以到更多的地方,完成复杂的任务。
2.Which
of
the
following
is
most
likely
to
be
Cheetah
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Cheetah,a
four-legged
robot
capable
of
running
28
miles
per
hour”可知,Cheetah是四脚着地的机器人,故选C项。
3.The
underlined
word
“They”in
Paragraph
3
most
probably
refers
to
　　　.
A.Cheetah
and
the
Legged
Squad
Support
System
B.humans
and
animals
C.wheeled
things
D.legged
robots
答案:A
解析:篇章结构题。根据第三段内容可知,地球上一半的道路都不适合轮子通过,但是人类和动物可以到达这些地方,所以人们模仿自己和动物设计出了“有腿的”机器人。上段中提到的Cheetah可以一小时跑28英里,Legged
Squad
Support
System可以在山区等地方帮助人们驮东西,因此说这两个机器人是研发成功的例子,能够做我们人类做的事情。
4.How
does
Dennis
Hong
feel
about
using
robots
in
wars
A.Surprised.　　　　　　　　B.Cautious.
C.Uninterested.
D.Helpless.
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段末的“Robots
for
me
are
tools
to
help
society,not
to
fight
in
wars.But
once
a
technology
leaves
our
lab,there’s
no
way
to
control
how
people
can
use
it.”可知,Dennis
Hong认为设计机器人是为了造福社会,而不是为了战争,但是一旦一项技术离开了他们的实验室,他们就无法控制人们怎样利用这项技术。由此可推测,他对于机器人被使用在战争中感到无能为力。
B
When
it
comes
to
preschool
education,there
are
two
lines
of
thought.One
says
that
preschoolers
need
to
be
taught
early
academic
skills
in
order
to
get
a
leg
up
on
future
school
achievement.Another
says
the
focus
should
be
on
social
and
emotional
development.But,new
research
from
Penn
State
University
says
a
high
quality
preschool
program
should
do
both.
Karen
Bierman,Penn
State
Professor
of
Psychology,and
her
team
studied
350
preschoolers.Half
were
taught
the
traditional
curriculum(课程).The
other
half
were
given
the
basic
curriculum
as
well
as
social
and
emotional
teachings.
The
results
show
that
the
half
students
taught
with
a
curriculum
that
includes
social
lessons,such
as
sharing,listening,and
self-control,score
higher
in
both
the
social
and
academic
areas
of
school
readiness
that
the
other
half
students.
The
other
finding
is
that
when
you
work
on
both
academic
and
social-emotional
skills,you
get
stronger
gains
in
both
areas.“You
get
the
combined
power
when
you
put
both
together,so
neither
area
is
weakened,”she
says.
Clearly,knowing
how
to
share,develop
healthy
friendships,and
learn
side-by-side
with
others
is
important
to
a
child’s
academic
achievement
in
the
classroom.But,Bierman
says
the
importance
of
social
and
emotional
education
goes
beyond
that.Preschool
is
prime
time
for
the
development
of
self-regulation,which
not
only
tells
a
child
not
to
hit
another
child,but
also
tells
a
child
how
to
set
personal
goals
and
focus
himself
enough
to
follow
through
with
those
goals.And
the
ability
to
regulate
behavior
is
what
helps
children
get
motivated
at
school.“When
they
get
upset,bored,or
frustrated,it
doesn’t
defeat
them,”she
says.
Goal-oriented(面向目标的)
and
motivated
learning
is
best
taught
in
preschool,Bierman
says,when
the
prefrontal
part
of
the
brain,which
controls
decision-making,is
at
the
height
of
development.“First
grade
teachers
can
teach
letter
names,but
preschool
is
when
that
behavior
is
peaking
and
language
is
just
beginning
to
develop,”she
says.
【语篇导读】本文是议论文。有人认为应该教授学前儿童基本的知识及学习技能以应对将来的学习生活,有人认为应该着重发展学前儿童的社交能力并让他们学会管理自己的情绪。Karen
Bierman则认为这两者不应该相互排斥,一个好的学前教育应该包含这两方面的内容。
5.Karen
Bierman
and
her
team
carried
out
the
research
by
　　　.
A.tracking
350
preschoolers
for
years
B.separating
children
into
two
equal
groups
C.working
out
a
high
quality
preschool
program
D.analyzing
the
importance
of
social
and
emotional
teaching
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Half
were
taught
the
traditional
curriculum(课程).The
other
half
were
given
the
basic
curriculum
as
well
as
social
and
emotional
teachings.”不难看出,Karen
Bierman和她的研究小组把研究对象平均分成两组,分别教授不同的课程。
6.The
underlined
words
“prime
time”in
the
text
probably
refer
to
　　　.
A.the
best
time
B.the
only
time
C.the
earliest
time
D.the
suitable
time
答案:A
解析:词义猜测题。根据最后两段内容,尤其是“Goal-oriented(面向目标的)
and
motivated
learning
is
best
taught
in
preschool...”可推测,教授包括面向目标的学习及有动机的学习在内的情绪管理的“最佳时间”是在孩子入学前。
7.According
to
the
text,self-regulation
can
help
children
　　　.
A.be
willing
to
study
B.become
emotionless
C.memorize
letter
names
D.learn
language
quickly
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“And
the
ability
to
regulate
behavior
is
what
helps
children
get
motivated
at
school.”可知答案为A项。
8.What’s
the
best
title
for
the
text
A.Preschool
learning:more
than
ABCs
and
123s
B.Karen
Bierman:freeing
kids
from
boring
learning
C.Learning
self-regulation
in
preschool:why
it
matters
D.Academic
and
social-emotional
skills:which
is
more
important
答案:A
解析:主旨大意题。文章第一段是本文的主题段:学前教育不应该仅仅教授基本知识,还应该包括社交能力和情绪管理方面的内容。A项符合本文主题。
Ⅱ.七选五
Five
simple
things
that
are
actually
complex
The
proof
for
“1+1=2”is
300
pages
long
1.　　　
In
the
early
20th
century,Bertrand
Russell
wanted
to
prove
that
mathematics
worked,so
he
decided
to
start
with
the
simplest
concept
and
prove
1+1=2.However,it
took
the
mathematician
and
philosopher
372
pages
of
complex
sums.
Defining
the
word
“the”
is
really
difficult
The
word
“the”is
one
of
the
most
common
words
in
English.2.
For
example,why
do
we
say,“I
have
the
flu,”but
not“I
have
the
headache ”In
the
Oxford
English
Dictionary,there
are
almost
two
dozen
different
ways
the
word
can
be
used
in
a
sentence
correctly:
Yawning
Some
people
say
we
yawn
to
keep
us
alert(警觉的)
by
taking
in
oxygen.However,various
experiments
have
shown
that
yawning
actually
cools
down
the
brain.3.　　　
As
for
why
yawning
is
contagious(感染性的),no
one
knows
that
either.
Left
and
right
have
been
confusing
philosophers
for
years
Would
you
explain
the
concept
of
left
and
right
in
terms
of
your
relative
position
to
a
well-known
landmark(地标性建筑) 4.　　　
It’s
a
question
that
has
been
puzzling
philosophers
for
years
because,without
a
point
of
reference,it’s
difficult
to
define
what
left
and
right
actually
are.
5.　　
You’d
think
that
the
reason
we
enjoy
things
is
because
it
feels
good
in
some
way,but
it’s
only
half
the
story.There’s
a
famous
experiment
where
wine
experts
were
fooled
into
thinking
a
cheap
bottle
of
wine
was
an
outstanding
one
just
by
switching
the
labels.Their
enjoyment
of
the
product
wasn’t
based
on
appreciation
of
wine—it
was
based
on
the
fact
that
they
were
told
it
was
good
wine.
A.What
you
feel
may
not
be
the
truth.
B.We
enjoy
things
for
reasons
other
than
enjoyment.
C.But
what
if
you
were
talking
to
one
who
couldn’t
see
D.We
all
know
that
one
plus
one
equals
two,but
do
you
know
why
E.In
fact,there
is
no
universally
agreed
theory
for
why
we
actually
yawn.
F.Maybe
you’d
refer
to
the
move
of
the
Earth
or
something
comparably
huge.
G.Most
of
us
have
probably
never
stopped
to
think
about
how
strange
a
word
it
actually
is.
答案与解析:
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章列举了五件让人琢磨不透的简单事。
1.D　解析:根据本段标题可知,本段是介绍“关于1+1=2的论证有300多页”。D项中的one
plus
one
equals
two符合本段内容。
2.G　解析:根据本空后的例子可知,同样是在说生病,但是有的时候用the,有的时候不用the,所以说the“这个词实际上非常奇怪”,只是因为它太常见了,所以“大部分人从来没想过这回事”。
3.E　解析:本空前两句分别介绍了关于打哈欠的两种不同理论,由此可推测“实际上,关于我们为什么打哈欠现在还没有一个一致同意的理论”。本空后一句中的no
one
knows
that
either
也提示了大家还不知道为什么会打哈欠、打哈欠为什么会传染。
4.C　解析:根据本空前的内容可知,我们有时会以自己与某一地标性建筑的相对位置来定义左右,“但是如果我们是同一个盲人交谈呢”,又该如何定义左右呢 这也是为什么如何定义左右困扰了哲学家很多年。
5.B　解析:根据本段列举的例子及最后一句“Their
enjoyment
of
the
product
wasn’t
based
on
appreciation
of
wine—it
was
based
on
the
fact
that
they
were
told
it
was
good
wine.”可知,“我们喜欢一样东西不是因为它能带给我们愉悦,而是因为其他的原因”。
Ⅲ.书面表达
假设你是李华。你的美国同学戴维曾在中国与你一起学习了半年,但回国后就失去了联系。请你给他的爸爸史密斯先生发一封邮件,感谢戴维对你英语学习的帮助,询问他的近况和联系方式并邀请他在春节期间来中国旅游。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.邮件的格式已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear
Mr.Smith,








Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
参考范文:
Dear
Mr.Smith,
I’m
writing
to
express
my
warmest
thanks
to
your
son,David.He
offered
me
great
help
with
my
English
learning
while
he
was
studying
in
China.
I’ve
sent
several
e-mails
after
his
returning
to
America.However,I
haven’t
got
any
reply
so
far.It’s
possible
that
I’ve
got
a
wrong
e-mail
address.It
has
been
a
long
time
since
I
saw
him.I
wonder
if
he
is
having
a
good
time.Can
you
do
me
a
favor
and
help
me
get
in
touch
with
him
With
the
Spring
Festival
drawing
near,I’d
like
to
invite
him
to
travel
in
China.I
can
act
as
his
tour
guide.
Yours
sincerely,
Li
Hua
导学号95480051