课件19张PPT。2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）课件11张PPT。2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）2017年中考英语命题研究（贵阳专版）专题十一 动词的语态
贵阳五年中考命题规律及趋势
考纲要求
1.一般现在时的被动语态 2.一般过去时的被动语态 3.一般将来时的被动语态
考查点
年份
题号
选项设置
分值
一般现在时
的被动语态
2016
90
use→are used
1分
2012
39
plant/are__planted/will plant
1分
一般过去时
的被动语态
2015
39
is invented/was__invented/were invented
1分
2013
87
written/writting→written
1分
动词语态为贵阳中考单项选择题的必考点，且都与时态相结合，主要表现为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态。语境设置在近三年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示，需要分析语境才能判断出选项。语句多为单句形式，词数多为9～13。
预测2017年贵阳中考的单项选择题必定会出现一道题考查被动语态，并与时态相结合。
贵阳中考重难点突破
动词的语态
【满分点拨】
1．动词语态的分类
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：Many people speak English there.那儿很多人说英语。
(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象。如：Chinese is spoken by many people.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)
2．被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的四种时态的被动结构如下：
时态
被动结构
例句
一般
现在时
am/is/are＋done
This kind of car is made in China.这种车是中国制造的。
一般
过去时
was/were＋done
The flying disk was invented by college students.这种飞碟游戏是大学生们发明的。
续表
时态
被动结构
例句
一般
将来时
will/shall＋
be＋done
The bridge will be finished in a month.这座桥将在一个月内竣工。
情态
动词
情态动词＋
be＋done
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
3.主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)图示
(2)口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动
(3)变换步骤：
①将主动句的宾语变为主语。
注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：Tom killed him．→He was killed by Tom.汤姆杀了他。
②将动词改为“be＋过去分词”。
注意：be动词与新主语相一致，时态不变。如：They held a meeting yesterday.→A meeting was__held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了 。
③将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。
注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song.→A song was sung by__him．他唱了一首歌。
【方法突破】
分析贵阳近5年考情发现，涉及语态的试题的选项中通常有两个主动和两个被动，并且有现在时态和过去时态。学生在做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：
判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态
读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。一般人作主语时，谓语动词用主动语态。当主语为人时，需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出：若为主语发出，用主动语态；若不是主语发出，用被动语态。物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。对于被动语态来说，试题主要是让大家找出谓语动作的执行者或承受者，这就要根据句子的意思进行判断，然后根据句中的时间状语做出正确选择。
确定句子的时态
被动语态的使用离不开时态，所以应根据句中的时间状语、上下文的暗示或发生动作的时态来分析判断应使用哪种时态的被动语态。再结合句意给出的时间状语或已发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。
4．常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构
(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子，多把间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。如：Jack told us the truth.→We were told the truth by Jack.杰克告诉了我们真相。
(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如：hear，see，watch，notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原。即：hear(see) sb.do sth.→sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.如：We heard the girl play the piano in the music classroom.→The girl was heard to play the piano in the music classroom by us.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。
(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如：make，let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原。即：make sb.do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.如：The teacher makes his students do much homework every day.→His students are made to do much homework by the teacher every day.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。
5．不能使用被动结构的情况
(1)连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
(2)有些动词的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing(需要做某事)，be worth doing(值得做某事)等。如：Your bedroom is in a terrible mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理一下。
(3)表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。如：The story happened on a cold night.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。
【考点抢测】
( C )1.Chinese ________ by more and more people from all over the world today.
A．learn B．learned C．is learned
( B )2.Today，computers are really helpful.They ______ everywhere.
A．use B．are used C．used
( C )3.Every year，more than 70 000 000 sharks ______ for their fins(鱼翅)．
A．were killed B．have killed
C．are killed
( C )4.The sport of basketball ________ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries.
A．play B．played
C．is played
( B )5.When I called the bus service，I ________ that there was no more bus.
A．was telling B．was told
C．has told
( C )6.A new club ________ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.
A．is started B．has started
C．was started
( C )7.The first Earth Day ________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.
A．celebrates B．celebrated
C．was celebrated
( B )8.Alice ________ some advice on how to improve her listening skills，and she gladly accepted Miss Green's.
A．gave B．was given C．gives
( B )9.The task ________ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.
A．was finished B．will be finished
C．has been finished
( C )10.I'm sure that stricter rules ________ to control cigarette smoking very soon.
A．made B．will make
C．will be made
专题十一 动词的语态
( C )1.(2016北京中考)A new road ________ near my school next year.
A．will build B．is built
C．will be built
( C )2.(2016天津中考)Paper ________ first ________ about 2 000 years ago in China.
A．is；creating B．is；created
C．was；created
( C )3.(2016重庆中考)Students do less homework now. Usually it ________before 9 o'clock in the evening.
A．finishes B．finished
C．is finished
( B )4.(2016河南中考)We are going to take the high-speed train to Xi'an tomorrow, so an early arrival at the station ________．
A．advises B．is advised
C．was advised
( C )5.(2016河北中考)Emily is glad that she ________for her honesty at that meeting.
A．praised B．is praised
C．was praised
( C )6.(2016厦门中考)—These days, teenagers often have to do what they ________ to.
—It's not good for their independence. They need to think on their own.
A．tell B．are telling
C．are told
( C )7.(2016陕西中考)Football ________to our school subjects last year.
A．is added B．adds
C．was added
( C )8.(2016山西中考)I plan to build an unusual house. It ________out of old things.
A．is built B．was built
C．will be built
( C )9.(2016淮安中考)—Aunt Li, who is the pretty girl in red in the picture?
—It's my daughter. The picture ________ 10 years ago.
A．took B．is taken
C．was taken
( C )10.(2016广东中考)He Jiang ________ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A．invited B．is invited
C．was invited
( A )11.(2016黄冈中考)—Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him?
—No problem! I think he ________ to think twice before starting.
A．should be told
B．can tell
C．should tell
( B )12.(2016黄石中考)—Why does the earth look blue in space?
—Because most of the earth's surface ________ by the ocean.
A．covers B．is covered
C．are covered
( B )13.(2016孝感中考)—What's the meaning of the activity “Let's Save”？
—Paper shouldn't ________ in everyday life.
A．waste B．be wasted
C．is wasted
( C )14.(2016随州中考)—Waiter, I'd like some Ningbo Dumplings.
—Sorry, sir. Ningbo Dumplings ______ only for lunch and dinner.
A．serve B．served
C．are served
