“It”作形式主语和宾语
? It作形式主语和形式宾语用法，是中学阶段英语学习的主要语法项目之一。纵观历届高考题，无论是单项选择，还是完行填空，it用法始终是反复考查的重、热点之一。现将it在特殊句型中作形式主语和形式宾语用法，进行如下归纳分析，以供学习参考。 ?一、 It 用作形式主语 ?当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 ?e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. ?(说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕 ?It is no use arguing about it. ?(争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕 ?It is uncertain who will come. ?(谁要来还不确定。) 〔It为who will come的形式主语〕 ?It 作形式主语的常见句型： ?① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that …. ?e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. ?(学一门外语非常重要。) ?It is useless crying over the spilt milk. ?(覆水难收。) ?It was really surprising that she married a man like that. ?(她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。) ?② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that …. ?e.g. It is no good telling lies. ?(撒谎没好处。) ?It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. ?(你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。) ?It is a truth that there would be no new China without the Communist Party. ?(没有共产党就没有新中国，这是毋庸质疑的。) ?③ It + be + 过去分词 + that …. ?该句型常见动词有：say, hope, think, suppose, expect, report, know, believe, decide, etc. ?e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. ?(据说他们发明了一种新型电脑。) ?It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. ?(大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。) ?It was reported that more than 170 thousand people died in the 2004 tsunami. ?(据报道，至少有十七万人在2004年那场海啸中丧生。) ?④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that …. ?e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. ?(似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。) ?It appears that Tom might change his mind. ?(看来汤姆可能会改变主意。) ?⑤ 若句子是疑问形式，就只能用it作形式主语。 ?e.g. Does it matter much that they won’t come tomorrow? ?(他们明天不来很重要吗？) ?Is it true that he will go abroad next week? ?(他下周出国是真的吗？) ?⑥ It + takes + (sb.) + some time + to do sth. ?这是一个表示“（某人）花多少时间干某事”的句型，其中it是形式主语，代替后面的不定式（to do sth.），句型中的sb.也可以省略。 ?e.g. It took me some time to read the reading materials. ?(我花了一些时间才读完那段阅读材料。) ?It took him fourteen hours to go to New Zealand from Shanghai by plane. ?(从上海乘飞机去新西兰花了他14小时。) ?How long does it take you to go to Beijing from Qingdao by train? ?(从青岛坐火车到北京一般要花多久时间？) ?I am not sure, but I think it takes at least nine hours to get there. ?(我不能肯定，但估计至少要九个钟头才能到那儿。) ?二、It 用作形式宾语 ?当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作宾语时，为保持句子结构平衡，避免句式结构的混乱，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 ?下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语： ?① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）； ?e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese. ?（他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。） ?I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English. ?（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。） ?He makes it a rule never to borrow money. ?（他立志决不向别人借钱。） ?I think it no need talking about it with them. ?（我认为没必要跟他们谈。） ?② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句； ?e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy. ?（我不喜欢他那么懒惰。） ?I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs. ?（我讨厌母亲要我吃鸡蛋。） ?③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语； ?e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you. ?（尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。） ?Would you see to it that she gets home early? ?（你负责保证她早到家，好吗？） ?He insisted on it that he was innocent. ?（他坚持说自己是无辜的。） ?④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。 ?e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it. ?（我让你自己判断这事是否该做。） ?We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident. ?（多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。） ? ?试比较下列高考题，选出最佳答案： ?1. Is _______ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89) ?A. this B. that C. it D. he ?2. I don’t think _______ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.. (MET90) ?A. this B. that C. its D. it ?3. Does _______ matter if he can’t finish the job on time? (MET91) ?A. this B. that C. he D. it ?4. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didn’t help. (MET93) ?A. he B. which C. she?? D. it ?5. _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (MET95) ?A. There B. This C. That D. It ?6. I hate _______ when people talk with their mouths full. (MET98) ?A. it B. that C. these D. them ?7. Don’t _______ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be the most successful. (上海98) ?A. take as granted B. take this for granted ?C. take that for granted D. take it for granted ?8. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (MET2004) ?A. this B. that C. it D. one ? ?模拟练习： ?1. _______ happened _______ he is unfit for the office. ?A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that ?2. We took _______ for granted that they would accept our advice. ?A. that B. this C. it D. them ?3. _______ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? ?A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly ?4. _______ doesn’t matter much _______ dress you are going to wear. ?A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who ?5. _______ is going to America for further study. ?A. He is said that B. People said that he ?C. It was said he D. It is said that he ?6. They are good friends. _______ is no wonder that they know each other so well. ?A. This B. That C. There D. It ?7. Is _______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? ?A. this B. there C. that D. it ?8. She liked _______ when he kissed her. ?A. him B. that C. one D. it ?9. _______ will do you good to do some exercise every morning. ?A. It B. There C. Those D. One ?10. We think _______ our duty to pay taxes to our government. ?A. that B. this C. its D. it ? ?Key: 高考真题: 1-8 CDDDDADC ?模拟练习: 1-5 CCBCD 6-10 DDDAD
课件41张PPT。it用法完全归纳 1.Is _____a boy or a girl?
A. this B. that C. it D. what
2._____ is very important to remember this.
A. this B. that C. it D. what
3.I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths
full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them
8. Was ___ in 1998 ___ your teacher graduated from
university?
A. that.., that B. it... which
C. it... that D. it... when
it用法完全归纳 一、it 作人称代词的用法 二、it 作非人称代词的用法三、it用作形式主语四.“it” 作形式宾语it用法完全归纳 一、it 作人称代词的用法 1. 指事物作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。 It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。 2. 指人 it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份 Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩? 注意: 在答语中，常用来指本人，如说 It’s me。 3. 代替某些代词 代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词
something, anything, nothing等 “What’s this?” “It’s a new machine. ” “这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。 二、it 作非人称代词的用法it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、
气候及温度等自然现象。 现在去那儿已经太迟了。 昨天下了一天的雨。 这里有时会很热。 It’s too late to go there now. It rained all day yesterday. It can get very hot here. 2. 用于某些句型It’s time for sth.
It’s time to do sth.
It’s time for sb to do sth. 该做某事了。该做某事的时候了。某人该干某事了。It is + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that
之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如
果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，
应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的
方法。 I met her father in the street yesterday.It was in the street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met her father in the street. It was her father that I met her father in the street. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语“直到．
．．才．．．＂，可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her
dark glasses. Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a
famous film star. It is time ( about time ,high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是
① 常用过去时态表示虚拟．
② 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省。
常译为＂是（正是）．．．的时侯．．．＂。 那正是孩子睡觉的时间.It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she
was a famous film star. It is the first ( second ... ) time that ... 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟
语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的
时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是
一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去；
it有时用 this 替换．常译为＂是第一（二）．．．次．．．＂。 这是我第一次来这里.
It is the first time I have been here.
This is the first time I have been here. It is .... since ... 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时
间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成
时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。
如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. It is ... when ... 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主
句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为
＂当．．．的时候，是．．．＂。 It was 5 o’clock when he came here. 当他来的时候是五点钟了.It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时
两种时态．主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等
表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“．．．之后．．．,过了多久＂。 It will be not long before he finishes his job. It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. 过了三天之后他到北京.没过多久……It will be not long before ……三、it用作形式主语1. 基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，
为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式
主语it。 记住这一点很重要。 爬山是费劲的事。 他什么时候来还不知道。 It’s very important to remember this. It’s hard work climbing mountains. It’s unknown when he will come. It is no use going there so early.
It is no good standing here in the cold. It is said that there has been an earthquake in
India.It be +名词( no use / no good) + 动名词(doing)It is / was said/reported/told that….2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 他很难下定决心。 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。 It is hard for him to make up his mind. It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 介词 of 与 for 的区别是：of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，
介词for表示对象，意为“对……来说” (2) It takes sb + 时间段 + to do sth. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。 It takes years to master a new language. 此句型可以有以下多变种变体： It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。 (3) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事 得由你来作选择。 It’s up to you to to make the choice. (4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 他似乎没认出我来。 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。 It seemed as though he didn’t recognize me. It happened that I was out when he called. (5) If it were not for… / If it hadn’t been for… … 若不是因为…… 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们就克服不了的。 If it were not for their help, we couldn’t get over the
difficulties. 四、it用作形式宾语1. 基本用法其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。 四.“it” 作形式宾语 think
feel
make
find
believe
consider+it +形容词/ 名词+ to do…
that 从句no use / good doing sth我们认为学外语是重要的.
1.We think it important to learn a foreign
language.2.We think it our duty to clean our classroom
every day.我们认为是我们的职责每天去打扫教室.她发现说服他很难.3.She found it difficult to convince him.他清楚的表明他对他的课目一点也不感兴趣.4.He made it clear that he was not interested
in his subject.2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构(1) 动词+ it + that-从句。 你来了，我很高兴。 I like it that you came. You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。 Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。 (2) 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。 I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。 I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like,
dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。 3) 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。 注意千万不要再迟到。 See to it that you’re not late again. Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。 You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。 我不能保证他会来。I can’t answer for it that he will come. 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on,
stick to, depend on, answer for 等。 4) 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。 I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。 I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。 能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted,
bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。 口诀：
代词 it 本意它, 既可指这又指那;
时间天气均可指, 谈到距离也用它;
假主假宾均可做, 强调句型跟that。1. It ___ for this reason ___ her uncle moved out of New York.
A. is ... which B. was ... why
C. was ... that D. were ... How
2. It was ___ he said at the meeting __ disappointed me.
A. what.., that B. that.., that
C. what.., what D. that.., whatDrills3. ---Wasn’t it Dr. Li who spoke to you just now?
--- ______ .
A. I didn't know he was B. Yes, he did
C. No, he didn't D. Yes, he was
4. Was it during the Second World War____ he died?
A. this B. then C. that D. while5. I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. it C. that D. its
6. Does ____ matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A. it B. this C. that D. he7. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but __didn’t help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
8. Was ___ in 1998 ___ your teacher graduated from university?
A. that.., that B. it... which
C. it... that D. it... when9. He felt ___ duty to work for human rights and progress.
A. it his B. his C. that is a D. that is his
10. ___ is no good ___ without doing anything.
A. This... talking B. It... to speak
C. That... to say D. It... talking11. All the children except my partner ___ late because of traffic jam.
A. is B. are C. was D. has been
12. Your new clothes fit you, but mine ___ me.
A. don’t fit B. doesn’t fit
C. don’t fit for D. aren’t fit1. It was this village ___ I was bought.
A. where B. that
C. on which D. which
2. It was in this village ___ I was bought up.
A. where B. that C. on which D. which3. Can it be in the drawer ___ you put your passport?
A. where B. in which C. there D. that
4. It was July 1, 1997 ___ saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland. A. that B. when C. which D. in which5. It is two years __ I joined the army.
A. before B. since
C. that D. after
6. It was two years ___ I joined the army.
A. before B. since
C. that D. after7. --- Was it under the tree ___ you were away talking to a friend?
--- Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where C. which D. while
8. --- Why don’t we take a little break ?
--- Didn’t we just have ____ ?
A. it B. that C. one D. this9. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcast began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
10. ___ is the fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It11. It was about 600 years ago ___ first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
12. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full.
A. it B. that C. these D. them 13. It was only when I reread his poems recently ____ I began to appreciate their beauty.
A. until B. that C. then D. so
14. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it15. The Parkers bought a few house but __ will need a lot of work before they can move in.
A. they B. it C. one D. which
16. ____ no need for us to discuss the problem again since it has already been settled.
A. It has B. There has
C. It is D. There is17. Was it in 1969 __ the American astronaut succeeded ___landing on the moon.
A. when; on B. that; on
C. when; in D. that; in
18. Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert?
A. it you B. not you
C. you D. that yourself19. ____ was in 1979 ___ I graduated from the university.
A. That; that B. It; that
C. That; when D. It; when
20. What a pity my new computer doesn’t work! ____ must be something wrong with it.
A. It B. There C. This D. That21. I like ____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
22. Someone is knocking at the door, but who can ___ be?
A. one B. he C. she D. it23. A knock on the door made him look up. But ___ was only the manager.
A. this B. that C. she D. it
24. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ____ .
A. who is he B. who he is
C. who is it D. who it is 25. Is ___ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
26. Does ___ matter if he can’t finish the job on time?
A. this B. that C. he D. it27. It worried her a bit ___ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
28. They have made __ a rule __in the room.
A. this; not to smoke B. it; smoking
C. it; to not smoke D. it; not to smoke课件24张PPT。a well-known singer in HK, committed suicide(自杀) on April 1st, 2003.
who am I plays a leading role in Conquering King Parts with His Favorite Concubine(霸王别姬)a singer queen in HK, died of physical disease on Dec. 13th, 2003
Plays a leading role in The Kermes Arrests(胭脂扣)who am I depressionmental diseaseSo what did they die of?Mei Yanfangcancerphysical disease mental disease physical disease1.What kind of person do you think is a truly healthy person?A truly healthy person is someone who is healthy in both body and mind.1. In our school some adolescents started smoking at very early years. Why do you think they smoke?…they think it is cool to smoke. …they are not well aware of
the harm of smoking.… they are falsely influenced by some media such as TV series and movies.A waste of_______money2.In what way is smoking harmful?Smoking may cause ______.fireair pollutionSmoking may cause ___________.Smoking is not good
for ___________
smokers.secondhand南方日报Reading Advice from Grandad skimming: Please glance through the text
as fast as you can and try to find out:
A grandfather wrote the letter to his grandson James.Two parts. The first part is a letter and the second part is an internet page.1. How many parts does the reading text consist of?2. Who wrote the letter to whom?Match the topic sentence of each paragraph: A
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
B
Grandad talks about James’ problem of smoking.
The harmful effects of smoking.
Grandad tells about the life he is living and the importance of healthy life.
Grandad’s hope for James and his advice on stopping smoking.
The three different ways of becoming addicted.
2. According to the text, if you’re a smoker, when you don’t smoke, you may not feel ______.
A. painful B. angry
C. sick D. bad-tempered
1. B 2.DScanning: Read paragraph 1 & 2&5.1. According to the letter, James’ grandad ______.
A. didn’t give up smoking
B. used to be a member of the school football team.
C. is lonely
D. is not living a healthy lifeRead paragraph 3 and fill in the blanks.physicallyhabitsmentallyScanning:Read paragraph 4 carefully and fill in the blanks.heart and lungsbecoming pregnantrun fastdislikeaffectenjoy sportDiscussion1. What is the purpose of the letter?
This letter aims to explain how a smoker becomes addicted to cigarettes and why he should give up.
2. What kind of person do you
think James’ grandfather is?
He is fit and healthy and leads an active life. He loves his grandson.
Read the second part of the text and the following question:Prepare yourself.
Be determined.
Break the habit.
Relax.
Get help if you need.
Keep trying.How can I stop smoking?What suggestions does it give for smokers to quit smoking?Read How can I stop smoking (P19) again and fill in the blanks:
Choose a day that is not _________ to quit smoking.
Make a list of all the __________ you will get from
stopping smoking. ___________ all your cigarettes.
_________ the list of benefits when you feel like
smoking. Develop some other habits to keep yourself
_____. If you feel nervous or stressed, try some
___________ exercises like deep breathing. You can
stop smoking with a _______ or join a group. If
necessary, ask a doctor or _________ for help. The
most important is to keep _______. Don’t feel _______
if you smoke again. Just ___ again.stressfulbenefitsThrow awayRereadbusyrelaxationfriendchemisttryingashamedtryRole playA: Someone who gets addicted to smoking.
B: One of A’s family members or friends or
classmates, etc.
B tries to gives A some helpful advice and persuade him/her to give up smoking.How to ask for advice
What should I do?
Could you tell me what to do?
Can you give me some advise?How to give advice
You’d better…
I think you ought to..
Perhaps you should…
I suggest that you…After-readingAssignmentSuppose one of your friends gets addicted to smoking , write a letter to tell him the harm of smoking and give him some advice!
课件16张PPT。 abuse n. 滥用, 虐待, 辱骂, 陋习, 弊端
v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂n. 滥用, 虐待, 辱骂, 陋习, 弊端a word of abuse骂人话He greeted me with a stream of abuse.他迎面对我一顿痛骂。v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂人容易懒用权利.
It is easy to abuse one`s power.
我把照相机借给你,但是你不能虐待它.
I will lend you my camera but don’t abuse it. stress n. 压力, 重音
vt.加压于;使紧张
n. 压力, 重音他因妻子病重而感到压力重大.
He`s under stress because his wife is very ill.
put stress on sth. 着重强调某事
The government puts stress on welfare.
政府着重于福利事业.
vt.加压于;使紧张 stress sth.强调某事The English curriculum should stress both composition
and reading.英语课程对作文和阅读应同样重视。 stressful adj. ban n.禁令
vt.禁止, 取缔(书刊等)n.禁令The manager declared a ban on smoking in theatres.
经理宣布不准在剧院吸烟的禁令.
put ……under a ban
禁止
vt.禁止, 取缔(书刊等) ban sth. ban sb.from doing sth.取缔禁止某人做事他们禁止我们在这个吸烟.
They banned us from smoking here.
due to adv.由于, 应归于 due to 常放在be动词后面 我的成功归功于你的帮助.
My success is due to your help.tough adj.
1)有韧性的,吃苦耐劳的
Only tough breeds of sheep can live in the mountains.
只有强壮的羊种才能在山上生存.
2)难做的,费力的
a tough job
棘手的工作
a tough customer
难伺候的客人
have a tough time of it
日子不好过
3)坚决的,顽强的
The government has threatened to get tough with people who try to avoid paying taxes.
政府扬言要对设法逃税的人严加制裁.
v. toughenaddicted adj. 入了迷的;上了瘾的
搭配:addict oneself to sth./be addicted to sth.沉溺于某物
be addicted to(介词) doing sth.迷恋做某事
Many students are addicted to computer games.
许多学生迷恋电脑游戏.
不要每天沉溺于饮酒.
Don’t addict yourself to drinking every day.
注意:
短语be addicted to中的to为介词,后接名词,代词和动名词.accustom vt.使习惯于
accustomed adj.惯常的;习惯了的
accustomed to 习惯于……
become/be accustomed to sth./doing sth.习惯于某事/做某事
相当于:get/be used to sth./doing sth.
我习惯住在这儿了.
I’m accustomed to living here.
to为介词的相关词组:
stick to _______ lead to _________ pay attention to ______
object to _______ pay a visit to ______ sentence sb. to ______
devote…to…_______ see to ________ get down to _________
be up to _________ refer to ________坚持通向,导致注意反对参观宣判某人致力于处理,负责,照顾开始/着手(做)是某人的职责涉及,提到withdraw vt. (-drew; -withdrawn ) 取回; 收回; 领回; 撤回; 缩回
移开; 拉开; 拿; 取消; 撤消; 撤退
withdraw money from the bank
从银行取款
withdraw troops from a place
从某地撤军
I withdraw some cash.?
我取一些现金。
I withdraw my criticism.?
我收回我的批评。
n. withdrawalAshamed 感到羞愧的
Be ashamed of /to do/that对…赶到羞愧
Feel ashamed of …对…感到羞愧
Feel ashamed for sb 替某人感到羞愧
你应该为你的所作所为感到羞愧.
You should be ashamed of what you have done.
我不好意思说我向她撒了慌.
I am ashamed to say that I lied to her.
Shame n/v.羞愧;羞耻--- shameful adj. 可耻的;丢脸的In spite of =despite 不管,尽管
尽管下着雨,他们还是出去了.
In spite of the heavy snow, he managed to come.
Take risks/a risk 冒险做可能失败,有危险的事
人不冒险不富.
You can’t get rich without taking risks
那是我愿意冒险做的事情.
That’s a risk I’m prepared to take.
Get into 陷入;染上(坏习惯)
当他是一个十几岁的孩子就染上了吸烟的坏习惯.
He got into the habit of smoking when he was a teen.
他遇到麻烦了.
She has got into trouble. Get sth. Across 使某事被人理解
Get back 回来
Get down to 开始认真做
Get through 通过;拨通(电话);完成
Get along/on with事情进展;相处
Get close to 接近
Get rid of 去掉;处理quit （quit, quit或quitted, quitted)
停止;戒掉
quit doing sth. 停止做某事 quit sth. 戒掉某物
我已经戒烟了。
I’ve quitted smoking.
2) 离开；辞职
退学
他一周后离开了巴黎。
He quitted Paris after a week.
不给我加薪我就辞职。
If I don’t get more money, I’ll quit.
3) 解除，免除 + of
quit of sth./ sb. 摆脱某物、某人
消除恐惧 quit oneself of fearquit school
effect n. 结果；效力
广告对销售有影响。
The advertising has much effect on sales.
Put/ bring/ carry …into effect 实行…，实施…
Come/ go into effect 开始实施，开始生效
In effect 事实上，实际上；（法律等）有效的，在实施中的
Of no effect 无效的，无用的 take effect 生效，奏效
With effect 有效地
have/ produce an effect on.. 对…产生影响= affect
Effective adj. 有效的 ineffective adj. 无效的 Strengthen v.
1)vt. 加强；增强
加强围栏是我的职责。
It is my duty to strengthen the fence.
2) vi. 变强
夜里风力增强了
The wind strengthened during the night.
Weak---weaken wide---widen sharp---sharpen
Loose---loosen deep---deepenDesperate adj. 绝望的；拼命的
He was desperate for work to provide food for his children.
他很渴望得到一份工作使他可以养活孩子。
拼死的斗争
Desperation n. 绝望，拼命
desperately adv. 令人绝望地，拼死地 a desperate struggleAt risk 处于危险；遭受危险
The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk.
Take risks/ a risk 冒险做可能失败、有危险等的事
Survival n. 幸存；幸存者
我们为了生存需要食物和水。
We need food and water for survival.
Survival of the fittest.适者生存。
Survive v.生存或存在?疾病正在流行，所有的幼儿都有危险。 Awkward adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的
At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place.
The children liked to jeer at the awkward student.
难对付的顾客
Awkwardly adv. 尴尬地 awkwardness n. 尴尬，笨拙 Embarrassed adj. 尴尬的
他们问她的年龄时，她窘得很。
She was embarrassed when they asked her age.
我不喜欢在公开场合演讲，太难为情了。
I don’t like making speeches in public; it’s embarrasing.
2) 陷入困境的，使感到拮据；使焦灼
他被债务弄的焦灼不安。
He was embarrassed by many debts.
Embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的 embarrassment n. 困窘在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在孩子们喜欢嘲笑笨拙的学生。an awkward customer课件8张PPT。作业本29
1.weaken one`s immune system
2.spread diseases
3.find a cure for
4.risk getting the virus
5.do damage to
6.there is no evidence of Page 31
I find it extremely hard to do the work well.
it takes only two hours from Hangzhou to Ningbo by Express Bus.
It was he who was caught cheating in the exam.
He makes it a rule to get up at 6;00 every morning.
It will not be long before we meet again.
6.It`s said that a cultural festival will be held in our school next week.
7.Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be ?
8.---- What`s the weather like tomorrow?
------ It`s likely to rain.
page 32
1.different/possible
2.physically
3.which 4.accustomed
5.feel
6.through
7.automaticaally
8.mentally
9.relaxed
10.good
1. 养成…的习惯 10.不吸烟的人
2.冒着…的风险
3.身体健康
4.习惯于
5.怀孕
6.沉溺于
7.就…做出决定
8.可能
9.归公于 Page 34
I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy way I live.
if you often smoke, you can become physically addicted to nicotine.
smoking can do terrible damage to one`s heart and lung and it will be more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.
Every time you feel like smoking, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. 5.In spite of her wounded leg, she managed to get up the stairs.Ladies and gentlemen,
Nowadays, star-worshiping is popular among teenagers, especially many middle school students. Thousands of fans are on fire for the handsome appearances, beautiful songs and perfect acting skills of their idols, and they imitate whatever stars do, including their clothes, hair style and hobbies. As a result, some of them forget what they should do and even spoil their study. In my opinion, having idols is not a bad thing. However, we should make it clear who are the real “heroes”. As far as I am concerned, the real heroes are those who are making the most contributions to our society, such as teachers, doctors and scientists. As young students we should learn from them. Only in this way can we become useful men and be real popular stars in future.
