本资料来自于资源最齐全的21世纪教育网www.21cnjy.com
必修5
Unit
1
Greatest
scientists
I.
单元基础知识
1.
核心单词
(1)
vt.
打败;战胜
(2)
n.
专家;行家
(3)
v.
照顾;参加
(4)
vt.
建设
(5)
vt.
暴露;揭露
(6)
vt.
吸收;吸引
(7)
vt.
怀疑
n.
嫌疑犯
(8)
physician
n.
(9)
severe
adj.
(10)
announce
v.
→announcer
n.
(11)
blame
vt.
&
n.
(12)
instruct
vt.
→n.
instructions
→adj.
instructive
2.高频短语
(1)
除……之外
(2)
为……负责
(3) 有意义,讲得通
(4) 对……严格
(5)
be
absorbed
in
(6)
make
up
one’s
mind
(7)
make
room
for
(8)
put
forward
3.重点句型
(1)
____its
cause
____its
cure
was
understood.
人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解对它的治疗。
(2)
So
many
thousands
of
terrified
people
died_____________________.
因此每一次暴发(霍乱)都会有成千上万恐慌的人死去。
(3)
He
knew
that
cholera
would
____
be
controlled______
its
cause
was
found.
他知道,在找到病源之前,霍乱疫情是无法控制的。
(4)
To
prevent
this
from
happening
again,John
Snow__________the
source
of
all
the
water
supplies__________.21世纪教育网版权所有
为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
(5)
He
placed
a
fixed
sun
at
the
centre
of
the
solar
system
_________________________...www.21-cn-jy.com
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上,而行星围绕着太阳转……
II.
考点精析及演练
1.
conclude
v.
断定,推断出;得出结论;使结束,终止(end)
【常见搭配】
conclude
sth.(from
sth.)
/that...
(从……)推断出,断定
arrive
at/reach/come
to/draw
a
conclusion得出结论
in
conclusion总之;最后
【语境填空】
①从特朗普的演讲中你得出什么结论了?
________
do
you
________
the
speech
of
Trump
②他以一句名言“有志者,事竟成”结束了他的演讲。
He
____________
a
famous
saying
“Where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way”.
2.
absorb
vt.
吸收;并入,并吞;吸引;使专心;理解,掌握
absorbed
adj.
聚精会神的;专心致志的
【常见搭配】
absorb
one’s
attention吸引某人的注意
absorb
oneself
in
(=be
absorbed
in)
全神贯注于……,专注于……
【用法检测】
She
was
so
________
in
work
that
she
didn’t
hear
anybody
knocking
at
the
door
at
all.2·1·c·n·j·y
A.
attracted
B.
absorbed
C.
drawn
D.
devoted
3.
blame
vt.
责备;谴责;把……归咎于 n.
过失;责备
【常见搭配】
blame
sb.
for
sth.因某事而责备某人
blame
sth.
on
sb.把某事怪到某人头上
be
to
blame
(for...)应承担责任;该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)
【用法检测】
It
was
the
boy,
rather
than
his
teachers,
that
________
for
what
the
boy
had
done.
A.
were
to
blame
B.
were
to
blamed
C.
was
to
blame
D.
was
to
be
blamed
4.
contribute
vt.
&
vi.捐献;捐助;造成;贡献;投稿
contribution
n.
【同义词】contribute
to,result
in,bring
about,lead
to
【常见搭配】
contribute...to...把……贡献给……;把……投稿给……
contribute
to有助于;导致(=result
in/lead
to)
make
a
contribution/contributions
to对……作出贡献/捐款
【用法检测】
(1)
Various
factors
contributed
to
his
downfall.
=Various
factors
/
/
/
/
his
downfall.21cnjy.com
(2)
Overeating
and
lack
of
regular
exercise
easily
________
overweight
and
high
blood
pressure.【来源:21·世纪·教育·网】
A.
result
from
B.
live
with
C.
consist
of
D.
contribute
to
5.
put
forward提议,提出;拿出;推荐
【同义词】 come
up
with,
raise,
propose,
present
常见put
短语:
put
away将……收起;积蓄
put
aside忽视;不理睬;储存
put
off延期(delay/postpone/hang
up)
put
in放入;插话
put
through接通电话;完成;使经受
put
out扑灭
put
up搭建,提供住宿,举起
put
up
with忍受
【用法检测】
(1)Far
water
doesn’t
near
fire.
(远水救不了近火。)【版权所有:21教育】
(2)Encourage
children
to
some
of
their
pocket
money
to
buy
Christmas
presents.
(3)The
association
has
the
event
until
October.
6.
apart/aside
from除……之外;此外
表示“除……之外”的表达:
apart
from/aside
from除……之外(还有/没有),根据上下文的不同,可以分别相当于besides,except或except
for。
besides=in
addition
to除……之外(还,也),常与also,more,other等连用。
except除……外(都)……,表示在整体中排除。
except
for除……以外,其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的,是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。
【用法检测】
(1)All
the
students
took
part
in
the
sports
meeting
________Tom.
(2)We
need
three
more
chairs
________
these
two.
(3)
_______
the
ending,it’s
a
really
good
film.
7.
“with+宾语+现在分词”复合结构常在句中作状语
(1)该结构中,宾语与现在分词体现出来的动作之间是主动关系。若为被动关系,则用过去分词。
(2)在with的复合结构中,除了可加v-ing和v-ed做宾语补足语外,还可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词和介词短语充当。如:21
cnjy
com
①The
careless
clerk
was
fined
because
he
left
the
office
yesterday
with
the
lights
on.
②With
Trump
the
new
president,
we
are
all
astonished.
【来源:21cnj
y.co
m】
③With
a
book
in
hand,
the
teacher
began
the
class.21
cnjy
com
(3)翻译:当你步入校园,在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛。
When
you
enter
the
campus,
in
front
of
you
is
a
large
flower
bed_________________
__________________________________________.
8.
every
time
conj.
每当……的时候
这是名词用作连词的用法,引导一个时间状语从句,相当于whenever。类似的名词引导时间状语从句的还有:each
time,
any
time,
the
last
time,
next
time,
the
first
time,
the
moment,
the
second,
the
minute,
the
hour,
the
day等。
【典例助记】
①Don’t
come
bleating
to
me
every
time
something
goes
wrong.
不要一有问题就跑来向我哭诉。
②The second the bell rang, the students dashed out of the classroom.
铃声一响,学生都跑出了教室。
9.
only
if
只有……才;“only+状语从句”放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装。
[课本原句]Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense.只有你把太阳放在中心位置,太空中其他行星的运动才能说清楚。
【用法辨析】
易混词组
解析
例句
only
if
只要,只有,通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句,是必要条件
Only
if
you
study
hard
will
you
pass
the
exam.只有努力学习,你才会通过考试。
if
only
但愿,要是……就好了,常引导虚拟语气的条件句
If
only
he
hadn’t
driven
so
fast!
要是他开得没那么快就好了!
【用法检测】
I
failed
in
the
final
examination
last
term
and
only
then
the
importance
of
studies.【出处:21教育名师】
A.
I
realized
B.
I
had
realized
C.
had
I
realized
D.
did
I
realize
III.
语法——过去分词
(一)过去分词作定语、表语
1.
过去分词作定语
【自我归纳】分析句子归纳用法。
Paper
cuts
used
for
religious
purposes
are
often
found
in
temples.
在寺庙中经常发现用于宗教目的的剪纸。
过去分词作定语时,表示的动作在(1) 之前发生,已经完成并具有
(2) 意义。此时,作定语的过去分词一般是由(3) 动词变来的,因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。 2-1-c-n-j-y
注意事项:过去分词与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别:
动词-ing形式作定语时与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系,表示动作正在进行;而过去分词作定语时,则表示被动或完成意义。如:
Mr
Smith,
tired
of
the
boring
speech,
started
to
read
a
novel.
史密斯先生厌倦了令人厌烦的演讲,开始看起了小说。
2.过去分词作表语
【自我归纳】分析句子归纳用法。
Tom
was
astonished
to
see
his
father.
见到父亲,汤姆很震惊。
过去分词作表语时,与谓语动词构成(1) 结构,表示主语的性质、特征和(2) 。
注意事项:有些动词如interest,
worry,
surprise,
frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来说明人的情况,用动词-ing形式来说明物的情况。如:
The
book
is
interesting
and
I’m
interested
in
it.
这本书非常有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
【用法检测】
(1)The
book
by
him
is
very
popular.
(write)
他写的那本书很受欢迎。
(2)
When
I
opened
the
window,
I
found
that
the
ground
was
snow.
(cover)当我打开窗子,我发现地上覆盖着雪。
(3) She
looked
(disappoint).
她显得很失望。
(4)
I’m
calling
to
inquire
about
the
position
in
yesterday’s
China
Daily.
A.
advertised
B.to
be
advertised
C.
advertising
D.
having
advertised
IV.
单元话题作文
运用本单元的短语和句型把下面的段落翻译成英文,并背诵。
在历史的长河中,科学家为这个世界作出了巨大的贡献。在我看来,科学家就是那些对工作严格要求并且总是专注于他们所做的一切的人。一个优秀的科学家从不妄下结论。相反,他对每一个结论都很谨慎,所以他一次又一次地做实验去试验他所提出的理论。科学家们牢记心中:如果一个理论不能对暴露于无法预料的危险中的世界有帮助,那是毫无意义的。此外,好的理论应该是基础,其他的想法可以在此基础上建造。正因为如此,我们发现科学家一生奉献给一个普适的理论并不罕见。21·cn·jy·com
参考答案
I.
单元基础知识
1.
核心单词
(1)defeat (2)expert (3)attend (4)construct
(5)expose
(6)
absorb
(7)
suspect
(8)内科医生
(9)
严重的;严厉的
(10)
宣布,通告; 播音员(11)
责备;谴责
(12)命令,指导;指示,说明;有教育意义的,有启发的
2.高频短语
(1)apart
from (2)be
responsible
for (3)make
sense (4)be
strict
with
(5)
全神贯注于
(6)
下定决心 (7)
为……腾出空间 (8)提出
3.重点句型
(1)
Neither;
nor
(2)
every
time
there
was
an
outbreak
(3)
never/not;
until
(4)
suggested
(that);
(should)be
examined
(5)
with
the
planets
going
round
it
II.
考点精析及演练
1.
①What;conclude
from ②concluded
his
speech
with
2.
B
句意:她如此专注于工作,以至于完全没有听到有人在敲门。
be
absorbed
in
/
be
devoted
to...
专心致力于……,全神贯注于……。本题四个选项中容易误选devoted,因此提醒考生需要注意介词的搭配。21教育网
3.
C
句意:这个男孩而非他的老师们应该为他所做的事负责。在题目中含有一个强调句型结构,句子的主语是the
boy,空中所填内容应当表示“应受责备”故而选用be
to
blame。本题中虽然boy与blame之间是动宾即被动关系,但是要特别注意此处to
blame用主动形式表示被动含义。这也是blame一词的常考点,须引起足够的重视。同时,也兼顾到主谓一致,rather
than连接两个并列主语时,其后谓语动词应与第一个主语在单复数上保持一致。21·世纪
教育网
4.
(1)
resulted
in/
brought
about
/led
to/were
responsible
for/caused
21教育名师原创作品
(2)
D
句意:吃得过多和缺乏体育锻炼容易导致肥胖和高血压。result
from源于;
live
with和……生活;
consist
of由……组成;
contribute
to导致。
5.(1)put
out
(2)
put
aside
(3)
put;off
6.
(1)
except/apart
from
(2)
besides/apart
from/in
addition
to
(3)
Apart
from/Except
for
7.
with
various
flowers
and
grasses
planted.
9.
D。句意:上学期我期末考试没有及格,只有在那个时候我才意识到了学习的重要性。本题中only
then位于句首,构成部分倒装结构,而我们考虑到then所指时间应为没有通过期末考试的时候,故而应该用一般过去时。
III.
语法
【品句归纳】1.
(1)谓语动作 (2)被动 (3)及物
2.
(1)系表 (2)状态
【用法检测】
(1)written
(2)
covered
with
(3)
disappointed
(4)
A。句意:我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。空格处部分作position
的定语,与position在逻辑上是被动关系,根据句意“职位已在昨天的报纸上被刊登”,表示被动及完成。
IV.
单元话题作文
Throughout
history,
scientists
have
made
great
contributions
to
the
world.
In
my
opinion,
scientists
are
those
who
are
strict
in
their
work
and
are
always
absorbed
in
everything
they
do.
A
good
scientist
never
jumps
to
a
conclusion.
Instead,
he
is
cautious
of
every
conclusion
he
draws
so
that
he
does
experiments
again
and
again
to
test
the
theory
he
has
put
forward.
Scientists
keep
it
in
mind
that
a
theory
makes
no
sense
if
it
can't
help
the
world
that
is
exposed
to
unexpected
dangers.
In
addition,
a
good
theory
must
be
a
base
on
which
other
ideas
can
be
built.
Because
of
this,
it's
not
rare
for
us
to
find
scientists
who
devote
all
their
lives
to
a
universal
theory.www-2-1-cnjy-com
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