2017年中考英语二轮语法专题复习课件之非谓语动词

课件38张PPT。非谓语动词非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，其中分词包括现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。
非谓语动词既有动词性质（比如可以有自己的宾语、状语等），又有非动词性质（比如动名词相当于名词；分词相当于形容词和副词；不定式相当于名词、形容词和副词等）。 动词不定式
动词不定式可以在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语等。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，有时to可以省略。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为“not+动词不定式”。 e.g. To learn English well is difficult.
动词不定式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，常用it代替它作形式主语，而将真正的主语——动词不定式后置，上面的例句常写为：It’s difficult to learn English well.考点一：作主语。形式主语代替动词不定式的常用句型为：
It’s + adj. + (of / for sb.) to do sth.或
It’s +n. +(for sb.) to do sth.。
e.g. It’s very nice of you to offer me a seat.
It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.
It was great fun to have a picnic there.考点二：作宾语。
常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有agree, afford, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, offer, prepare, plan, promise, refuse, want等。
注意：在find,?think等后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语——动词不定式后置。
e.g. I?find?it?hard?to?get?along?with?him.? 1. They decided _____ a bridge over the river. (2015四川遂宁)
A. build B. to build C. building
2. I?wanted?to?see?the?Beijing?Opera,?so?
Lingling?offered?____?me?to?watch?an?
opera.?????(2016天津)
A. took?????????? B. takes???????????????????
C. to?take????????? D. taking中考链接BC 3. She?said?she?hoped?______her?daughter.??
(2016湖南邵阳)
A. to?see?????????B. you?to?see????????C. seeing
4. I?can’t?tell?you?what?she?said.?I’ve?
promised?_____?it?a?secret.????(2016上海)?
A. keep??????????? B. to?keep?????????????
C. keeping????????????D. kept??A B 考点三：作宾语补足语。
1.?一些动词后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow, call, want, tell, advise, ask, warn, encourage, invite, order, teach等。
提示：help跟的宾语补足语既可以是带to
的动词不定式，也可以是不带to的动词不
定式。
e.g. Can you help the girl (to) move the
chair?2.?使役动词(如make, let等)及感官动词(如see, feel, hear, watch, notice等)后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时需省略to。
注意在变为被动语态时要加上to。
e.g. I saw a young man enter the room.
She was often heard to sing this song.1. Our teacher often advises us _____ the habit of making notes while reading.
(2016苏州)?
A.?to develop? B.?develop??
C.?to?developing? D.?developing
2. You?should?ask?Bob?___?his?own?clothes. He is ten years old now. (2016重庆A卷)
A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash A 中考链接D 3. We?advise?parents?______?their?children?
at?home?alone?in?order?to?keep?them?
away??from?danger. (2016黑龙江东)
A.?not?to?leave????????
B.?not?leave????????????
C.?not?leaving?A 考点四：作定语。
动词不定式可以作名词的定语；还可在某些句型中作定语，与所修饰的名词是动宾关系。
e.g. I haven’t had the chance to think yet.
（作名词的定语）
提示：动词不定式作定语修饰名词且为动宾关系时，如果动词为不及物动词，后面要加上相应的介词。
e.g. Tina?has?no?paper?to?write?on.??Joining?a?summer?camp?is?a?great chance?____?free?time?with?your?friends.?
(2016吉林)
A. spend B. spending C. to spend C 中考链接考点四：?作状语。
动词不定式作状语往往表示原因、目的、结
果等。
e.g. They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house.? (表示原因)
To get a good seat she arrived at the hall early. ?(表示目的)
The boy is old enough to take care of himself. ?(表示结果)说明：
1. had better，?would rather，?Why not ...?，Will / Would you please ...?后面接不带to的动词不定式。
e.g. To catch the early bus, you’d better
get up early tomorrow morning.
2.?动词不定式可以和疑问词what，?which，?how，where，?when等连用，构成动词不定式的特殊结构。
e.g. Can you tell me where to buy a map?1. —?I’ll have a ten-day holiday. But I don’t
know ______.??
—?How about Paris?? (2016成都)?
A. what to do? B.?where to go
C.?when to goB 中考链接2. The?Chinese?team?are?working?hard
?____ honors?in?the?2016 Olympic?Games.???
(2016湖南株洲)
A. to?win??????? ?B. win?????????????C. winning?
3. It’s?getting?dark.?You’d?better?_____
out?by?yourself.?It’s?dangerous. (2016四川宜宾)
A. not?go????????B. not?to?go?????????????C. to?go?A A 4. I?bought?a?big?box?________?books?
for?kids?in?poor?areas.?? (2016吉林长春)
A.?collects??? B.?to?collect???
C.?collect???? D.?collected B 动词-ing形式
动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成，其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。
动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。 考点一：作主语。
动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。
e.g. Playing / To play computer games too
much is bad for your eyes.Our English teacher often says to us, “_____ English well is very important.”
(2013四川内江)
A. Learn B. Learning
C. Learned D. To learning中考链接B 考点二：作宾语。
1. 在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的词语有dislike, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest, give up, put off, keep on, be busy, have fun, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be used to, look forward to, feel like, thanks for等。2.?有些及物动词（如like，?love，?hate，?
begin，?start等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意思上没什么差别。如：
e.g. Do you like reading / to read?3.?有些及物动词（如remember，?
forget，?stop，?try等）既可以跟动词的-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义有别。 1.?We?feel?like?_____?some?food?and?drink?because?we’ll?invite?some?friends _____ in?a?party. (2016黑龙江齐齐哈尔)
A. buying,?to?join???
B. to?buy,?joining???????????
C. buying,?join?中考链接A 2. After?she?finished?______the?story,?
Alice?wrote?a?review?for?her?school?
newspaper.? (2016上海)
A. read??????????? B. reads???????????????????
C. to?read??????? D. reading
3. Bruce?practices?________?basketball?
every?day?so?that?he?can?be?a?better?
player.? (2016海南)
A.?play??????????B.?to?play????????????C.?playing D C 4. My?father?used?to?drive?to?work,?but?he?is?
used?to?______?now.? (2016贵州六盘水)
A. walking?????????? B. walked??????????????
C. walks???????????? D. walkA 考点三：宾语补足语
一些动词既可以接动词不定式又可接动词-ing形式，作宾语补足语的有区别。
感官动词(如see，watch，notice，hear，feel等)?后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，也可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。前者表示动作的全过程，后者表示动作正在进行。1. The?show?was so?funny?that?it?made?
everyone ______ again and again. (2016山东济宁)
A. laugh B. laughed
C. laughing D. to laugh? C 中考链接2. I heard Tom _____ when I walked past his room yesterday. (2015江苏宿迁)
A. sing B. singing
C. to sing D. sang
3. I saw some boy students _____ basketball
when I passed the playground. (2014贵州
安顺)
A. played B. plays
C. playing D. to playA C 考点四：作定语。
e.g. The man standing there is my friend Look! There are some birds _____ in the sky. They are very beautiful. (2015四川宜宾)
A. to fly B. fly
C. flying D. flown中考链接C 分词
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词(v. -ing)有主动、进行之意；
过去分词(v. -ed)有被动、完成之意。在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。
在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。考点一：作定语。
e.g. China is a developing country.
America is a developed country.
考点二：作表语。
e.g. The book is interesting. I’m
interested in it.考点三：作宾语补足语。
e.g. I saw her going upstairs.
I want to have some photos taken.
考点四：作状语。
e.g. Laughing and talking, they went into
the room.