Unit5 基础达标
Ⅰ。 词海拾贝：根据课文内容用合适的单词或词组填空。
Mao Zedong, who _____ _____ communism (共产主义) never ____ ____ his belief and _____ ____ his belief all his life, was born in a peasant family. When he was young, he ___ ____ ____ do things that were good for the people in China and he ____ _____ ___ political activities. He led the Chinese Communist Party to ____ _____ the Japanese invaders. ____ ____ ____ the CPC’s being strong and people’s being for it, Jiang Jiansi tried to kill the CPC members until the Party ____ _____, and many Party members were killed or ___ ____ ____. And even some Party members _____ ____ _____ their future. So Mao Zedong and the Party were ____ _____. But they didn’t ____ ____. They _____ ______ fight against Kuomintang and the Japanese invaders. At last, in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party ____ ____ _____ and led China from strong to stronger.
Ⅱ。单词拼写
1．I’m w_____________ to admit that I have hurt her, but that’s not my real meaning.
2．What are the q ___________ you should find in a great person
3．After a short rest, Jack c _________ to draw the picture.
4．Since I was better e ______________, I got a job working in an office.
5．The doctor a________ him to eat more fruit and take more exercise.
6．Who gives you the ____________ (权力) to do that
7．Can you show me the ____________ (位置) of your hometown on the map
8．No matter how many times you fail, you should never _________ __________ (灰心).
9．He passed his examinations and now he has the _____________ (学位) of Master.
10．The countryside is so ______________ (平静的) that I don’t want to go back to the noisy city.
能力提升
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1. ---You think that man will come to your help ---I really don’t know____he will help me with.
A. how B. what C. why D. if
2. ___stopping polluting the earth ____hope to live in a better environment.
A. Only to; we can B. Only to; can we C. Only by; can we D. Only by; we can
3. He is looking for a box ____ he can put the two rabbits.
A. in that B. in which C. in what D. in where
4. I would advise you_____ there by bus, because it’s too crowded.
A. never of going B. not going C. not to go D. that went
5. Liu Mei’s fighting bravely ____the serious disease sets a good example ____young people in society.
A. against; to B. with; for C. on; to D. for; among
6. All of the gang of criminals were____, and two of them were sentenced to____.
A. put in the prison; death B. put in prison; die C. put in prison; death D. received; accept
7. This is the modern hotel ____the guests can enjoy the most comfortable things.
A. where B. which C. that D. in that
8. His red face suggested he _____ angry and I suggested that he_____ at once.
A. should be, should leave B. was, left C. was, leave D. be, left
9. The boy looks stupid, but _______ he is smart.
A. in a fact B. as a fact C. in a matter of fact D. as a matter of fact
10. Mr. White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
Ⅱ。 完型填空
It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the list of topics (题目), “The Art of Eating Spaghetti (意大利面条)” caught my eye. The word “spaghetti” brought back the 1 of an evening at Uncle Alien’s in Belleville 2 all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat 3 spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic (外来的) treat in 4 days. Never had I eaten spaghetti and 5 of the grown-ups had enough experience to be 6 it. What laughing 7 we had about the 8 respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. 9 , I wanted to write about that, but I wanted to 10 it down simply for my own 11 , not for Mr. Fleagle, my composition teacher. 12 , I would write something else.
When I finished it, the night was half gone and there was no 13 left to write a proper composition for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to 14 my work. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the 15 papers. He said, “Now, class, I want to read you a composition, ”The Art of Eating Spaghetti'.”
My words! He was reading my words out 16 to the whole class. 17 laughed, and then the whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show 18 , but what I was feeling was pure happiness, 19 my words had the power to make people 20 .
（ ）1. A. memory B. thought C. knowledge D. experience
（ ）2. A. when B. where C. since D. after
（ ）3. A. cooked B. served C. got D. made
（ ）4. A. their B. past C. last D. those
（ ）5. A. none B. one C. earns D. neither
（ ）6. A. careful about B. good at C. fond of D. interested in
（ ）7. A. speeches B. lessons C. sayings D. arguments
（ ）8. A. nearly B. naturally C. officially D. socially
（ ）9. A. Especially B. Probably C. Suddenly D. Fortunately
（ ）10. A. settle B. put C. Bite D. let
（ ）11. A. work B. story C. luck D. joy
（ ）12. A. However B. Therefore C. As for him D. Except for that
（ ）13. A. time B. excuse C. way D. idea
（ ）14. A. give up B. continue C. hand in D. delay
（ ）15. A. written B. graded C. collected D. calmly
（ ）16. A. laid B. fast C. publicly D. calmly
（ ）17. A. People B. Nobody C. Somebody D. I
（ ）18. A. shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasure
（ ）19. A. if B. for C. while D. although
（ ）20. A. excited B. satisfied C. think D. laugh
Ⅲ。 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C或D）中，选出最佳选项
A
If you are in town in a western country, you will often see people walking with their dogs. It is still true that a dog is the most useful animal in the world, but the reason why one keeps a dog has changed. Once upon a time, a man met a dog and wanted it to help him in the fight against other animals and he found that the dog listened to him and did what he told it to. Later people used dogs for the hunting of other animals, and the dogs didn't eat what they got until their masters agreed. So dogs were used for driving sheep and guarding chickens. But now the people in the towns and cities do not need dogs to hunt other animals. Of course they keep them to frighten thieves, but the most important reason is that people feel lonely in the city. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with. For a young wife, a dog is her child when she doesn't have her own. For old people, a dog is also a child when their real children have grown up and left. Now people do not have to use a dog but they keep it as a friend, just like a member of the family.
1. In town in a western country, dogs are often seen to ________.
A. walk with hunters B. walk with their masters C. fight against other animals D. play with other animals
2. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. People used to keep dogs to protect their house birds. B. Dogs were used to hunt other animals.
C. Dogs will eat what they've got. D. Dogs can perhaps drive thieves away.
3. The main reason why people in towns and cities raise dogs now is that ________.
A. they want dogs to frighten thieves for them B. they use dogs for the hunting of other animals
C. they train dogs to drive sheep D. they want to keep the dogs as friendly members of their families
4. The sentence “Now people do not have to use a dog” means ________.
A. a dog is not as useful as it was before B. that it isn't necessary for people to use dogs to serve them
C. it isn't necessary for people to keep dogs any longer D. people don't feel lonely now
B
Three blondes (金发碧眼的女人) were being trained to become detectives by a policeman. To test their skills in recognizing a suspect (嫌疑犯), the policeman showed the first blonde a picture for five seconds and then asked how she could recognize him. She thought it easy, for the suspect had only one eye. The policeman felt disappointed at this funny answer. He showed the second lady the picture for five seconds and asked her how she would recognize him. The second blonde giggled, flipped her hair, and said, “Ha! It’s easy to find the one-eared person!” Her answer also made the policeman angry. Turning to the third lady, he asked, “This is your suspect, and how would you recognize him ” He added quickly, “Think hard before giving a stupid answer.” The third blonde looked at the picture carefully for a moment and said, “HMMMM ... the suspect is wearing contact lenses (隐形眼镜).” The policeman was surprised and speechless, because he really didn't know himself if the suspect wore contacts or not. “Well, that is a good answer. Wait here for a few minutes while I check his file.” He left the room and went to his office, checked the suspect's file in his computer and returned with a beaming smile. “Wow! I can't believe it ... it's TRUE! The suspect does in fact wear contact lenses. Good work! How were you able to make such a wise observation ” “That's easy,” the blonde replied, “he can't wear glasses because he only has one eye and one ear!”
5. Which of the following cannot conclude from the passage that detectives should have
A. They must be charming. B. Their observation must be keen.
C. They must be humorous. D. They must be good at thinking.
6. According to the passage we can infer that ________.
A. the suspect was easy to be recognized B. the picture was just a side of the suspect
C. the suspect must be a disabled person D. the suspect was caught by the policeman
7. What will probably happen to the three blondes after this test
A. The first blonde may be accepted as a detective at once.
B. The second blonde may be accepted as a detective at once.
C. The third blonde is good at thinking and needn’t any training.
D. All of them may be given more training courses or fired.
答案与解析
基础达标
Ⅰ。词海拾贝
1. believed in 2. gave up 3. fought for 4. was willing to
5. was active in 6. fight against 7. For fear of 8. died out
9. put in prison 10. were worried about 11.in trouble 12. lose heart
13. continued to 14. came to power
Ⅱ。单词拼写
1. willing 2. qualities 3.continued 4. educated 5. advised
6．right 7. position 8. lost heart 9. degreed 10. peaceful
能力提升
Ⅰ。单项选择 1-5 BCBCA 6-10 CACDA
解 析： 1. 本题是宾语从句if 表示“是否”。
2. 当only修饰状语位于句首时句子采用部分倒装的结构。
3. 定于从句put the two rabbits in the box用介词in 。
4. advice + sb. + (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不）去做某事。
5. 考察两个词组：fight against 与……作斗争； a good example to 很好的榜样
6. put sb. in prison 是固定词组，把某人投入监狱prison 前不加冠词，prison 用单数。
be sentence to death 宣判某人的死刑。
7. 定语从句修饰hotel，they can ……in the hotel本题或填in which。
8. 前一个suggest 是表明的意思后不接虚拟。第二个是表示建议所以后接(should)+do 。
9. 句意是：这个孩子看起看来很笨，事实上很聪明。
10. should have done 是表示本应该做却没做的意思。
Ⅱ。完型填空 1-5AABDA 6-10 BDDCB 11-15DCACB 16-20 ACDBD
重点解析：
1. A. 逻辑推理，意义比较交作文前的那个晚上，“意大利面条的吃法”吸引了我的目光。
“spaghetti”这个字使我记起(memory)在Belleville的叔叔家度过的一个夜晚。memory 记忆，
回忆，指想起往事；thought 思考，思想；knowledge 知识, 学问, 认识；experience体验,
经历, 阅历。
2. A. 语句结构when引导表示时间的定语从句，修饰前面的an evening。
3. B. 词义比较常识运用逻辑推理商家做 (make) 好面条，叔叔买 (get) 来，然后煮 (cook) 好，
最后晚餐招待 (serve) 我们。cook烹调，煮；serve(为...)接待，侍候，招待，端上，摆出(餐
食)，开(饭)，上(菜)，斟(酒)；make制造；get获得，买到。
4. D. 前后照应逻辑推理在当时那些日子里，意大利面条是从国外进口的宴请食品。这是作者的回忆，
作者说的是当时过去了的事情，用表示远指意义的指示形容词those。此题past 很具迷惑性，此
题即使用past，前面也还得用those，their或定冠词the。last与文意不符。
5. A. 逻辑推理前后照应也没有一个(none)大人有过这样的经验。注意与前面的否定的句子之间的并列
关系。none一个也没有，用于三者或以上的人或物；neither两者都不，用于两个人或物的场
合。(网上下载C选项为earns，怀疑有误)。
6. B. 词义比较逻辑推理没有一个大人有足够的经验来做好 (good at) 意大利面条。
careful about对……小心，谨慎；good at 在…好，擅长……；fond of喜欢，爱好；
interested in对……感兴趣。
7. D. 逻辑推理词义比较由于大家都不懂怎样弄意大利面条，一边欢笑，一边众说纷纭，各抒己见
(arguments)。speech演说, 讲话；lessons课程，教训；sayings 话语，谚语；
arguments争论，争辩。
8. D. 常识运用词义比较对把意大利面条从碟子里弄到嘴里的社会上(socially)体面高雅的吃法，大家
莫衷一是。nearly几乎， 密切地；naturally自然地；officially官方地， 正式地；
socially在社交方面，在全社会中。
9. C. 逻辑推理词义比较突然(suddenly)，我有了一个想法，把它些下来。especially特别, 尤其；
probably大概，或许；suddenly突然地，冷不防；fortunately幸运地。
10. B. 词义比较前后照应固定搭配我想把它记下来（put down），但是为自己。
put down写下，记下(=write down)；settle down定居, 平静下来, 专心于；bite down咬下；
let down放下，使失望。
11. D. 逻辑推理词义比较作者当时是有感而法，为自己快乐好玩 (joy) 才写这篇文章，而不是为了工
作 (work) ，好运 (luck) 和传闻，轶事 (story) 。
12. C. 逻辑推理作者原本不是为老师写的，他想为老师 (as for him) 写点别的内容。
however然而，可是，表示转折关系；therefore 因此, 所以，表示因果关系；as for him至于
他；except for that除了那以外。
13. A. 逻辑推理词义比较当作者写完意大利面条的文章，就已经是半夜了，他不是没有方法 (way) ，
主意 (idea) 和借口 (excuse) ，而是没有时间 (time) 写交给老师的作文了。
14. C. 逻辑推理词义比较第二天早晨作者必须上交 (hand in) 作文。give up放弃，停止；continue
继续， 连续；hand in交上；delay耽搁, 延迟。
15. B. 常识运用词义比较老师收上作文后，进行批改，给出分数或等级，然后下发打好了等级的
(graded)作文。written写好了的；graded打好了等级的；collected收集成的, 冷静的。(网上
下载D选项为calmly，怀疑有误，此处应该为一个动词，可能是16空选项的A. laid)。
16. A. 常识运用逻辑推理词义比较老师当着全班同学的面(publicly)大声地(loudly)向朗读我写的作
文，而与快速(fast)，冷静(calmly)无关。(网上下载A选项为laid，怀疑有误，此处应该为一
个副词，应该是loudly)。
17. C. 常识运用开始有某个人 (somebody) 笑, 随后整个班上的同学都开心快乐地笑了起来。
18. D. 常识运用逻辑推理作者此时不是担心 (worry) ，震惊 (shock) ，好奇 (wonder)，而是掩饰不
住地高兴快乐(pleasure)。
19. B. 语句连贯If如果，后跟表示条件的从句；for因为，后跟并列句举出理由；while表示时间或对照；although虽然, 尽管，后跟表示让步意义的从句。
20. D. 前后照应逻辑推理词义比较作者高兴，因为他的作文能使大家欢笑 (laugh) 。
Ⅲ。阅读理解 1—5 BCDBC 6—7 BD
答案与解析
1---5 CACAA 6---10 BBABC 11--15 AACBB
1. 如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。
2. 第一句是强调时间in 1969, 强调结构是“It was＋强调部分＋that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表
时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。
3. 观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？” 这一意思，故答案为C。
4. 将此句变为陈述句。This house is ______ Shakespeare was born. 显然is后是一表语从句，只有
选where(＝the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的” 这一意思，故答案为A。
5. “介词＋关系代词” 要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关，故应选A。
6. 涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。
7. 此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason，但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。
8. 因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(＝in the
place where), 全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。
9. 根据“the same＋先行词” 后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。
10. 仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was)...that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读起来正确无误，则证明判断是正
确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is...that”三词，句子是The people, not things are
most important.语义完整正确，说明选C是对的。
11. A。as引导非限定性定语从句，翻译成：正如你知道的那样。
12. A。为限制性的，多用于the same...as； the same as；such...as...； as many/much as；
so...as等结构中。
13. 此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句
子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
14. which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
15. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
PAGE
1Unit 5 Nelson Mandela---a modern hero
目标认知
重点词汇： should have done willing? lose heart fight advise
give up as a matter of fact reward be put in prison
重点句型： only then...
语法： 定语从句2
精讲巧练
1. willing 【原句回放】Are you willing to do public service work without pay （Warming up ）
【点拨】 1. be willing to 愿意做某事 2. willing adj. 乐意的，自愿的
如： I’m willing to help you. 我很愿意帮助你。
I’m quite willing for your brother to join us. 我很乐意你的兄弟加入我们。
【拓展】a willing horse 积极工作的人 show willing 表示愿意做某事
随时练 1. They are ______ to prefer the better when the best is unattainable.
A. like B. willing C. will D. anxious
2. He is a man who is active in social activities, and he ______do public service work now and then.
A. is about to B. is going to C. is willing to D. will
【解析】 1.句意：退而求其次，like 是介词，表示……一样；be willing to do sth 愿意干，宁愿干……；anxious 急切的。
2.根据前半部分：“积极参加社会活动” 的意思，推断出后半句的意思是“乐于公共服务工作”。
2. lose heart 【原句回放】Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble （Warming Up）
【点拨】lose heart 意为“丧失信心；灰心”。
如：What impressed us most was that they never lost heart. 给我印象最深的是他们从来没丧失信心。
Don’t lose heart .keep up courage and you’ll succeed. 别气馁，鼓起勇气你就会成功。
lose one’s heart to sb. 意为 “爱上某人”，相当于fall in love with sb.。
如：It’s foolish of you to lose your heart to such a girl. 你爱上这样的女孩真傻。
【拓展】a heavy heart 沉重的心情 put one’s heart into 把全部心思都放在……
be lost in thought 陷入沉思。
随时练 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ______the good opportunity.
A. to lose B.losing C. to be lost D. being lost
【解析】 1. 句意为: 他为面试作了精心的准备，他不能冒失去这次好机会的危险，risk doing 冒险干某事。
3. fight 【原句回放】 He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.（Pre-reading page 34）
【点拨】 fight vt. ＆ vi. 过去式和过去分词均为fought，常与against, with, for连用，意为fight for 为……而战；fight against 与……作斗争；fight with 接人或者国家名词，表示“同……（并肩）战斗”，也可以表示fight against。
如：He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II.
二战时期他抵抗德国纳粹和日本侵略者。
fight one’s way 冲出一条路
They told the workers to fight for their rights. 他们告诉工人为了他们的权利而战。
【拓展】fight 与 struggle 区别：
fight 打仗，战斗引申为一般的战斗。 struggle 斗争，只肉体上和精神上的搏斗。
随时练
1. You’ll have to fight ______difficulties. A. for B. to C. against D. over
【解析】 你非得和困难做斗争不可，fight over 因为……而战斗。
4. advise 【原句回放】It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems. ( Page 34 line3 )
【点拨】advise作及物动词，意为“忠告，劝告；建议”。
(1) advise + noun. / pron.
(2) advise ( sb.) on sth.（为某人）出主意，提出建议，提供咨询
如：We employed an expert to advise on new technology.
我们雇佣了一个专家为新的科技提供技术咨询。
(3) advise + doing sth.
如：He advised carrying out the experiment as soon as possible. 他建议尽快的实施实验。
(4) advise + sb. + (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不）去做某事
如：My parents often advise me not to waste too much time playing games.
我父母经常忠告我不要花太多时间去玩游戏。
【拓展】
1. advise sb. not to do sth.和advise sb. against doing sth. 意思相同，都表示“建议某人不要做某事”。
如：The teacher advised us not to read carelessly. = The teacher advised us against
careless reading.
老师建议我们不要粗心的阅读。
2. advise后面接的that从句的谓语动词一般由“should +动词原形”构成。有类似用法的动词还有suggest，demand，desire， prefer等。
如：advise + that从句
I advised that he (should) go abroad for further study. 我建议他应该出国进行深造。
She advised that I should ask Dr Yang for help. 她建议我应该去向袁先生寻求帮助。
注意：advise的名词形式为advice。它是不可数名词。一般不说an advice， 而说a piece of advice。
随时练 1.My father coughed badly. I ____ him to give up smoking, but he would not take my advice.
A. advised B. persuaded C. suggested D. ordered
【解析】advise sb. to do sth.意为“劝说某人做某事”，至于劝说的结果并不知道。而 persuade sb. to do sth.却含有“劝而有效”之意。而suggest不能接 sb. to do sth.；order不适合语境。
5. give up 【原句回放】 He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way. (Pre-reading page 34)
【点拨】give up 表示主动放弃或屈服。
如：He has decided to give up smoking. 他已经决定放弃吸烟。
give in 表示被动屈服或认输， 后面不带宾语。
You can’t win the game, so you may as well give in. 你赢不了这比赛，还是认输吧。
Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。
随时练
1. Children should give _______ their seat on the bus if other people are standing.
A. in B. up C. out D. away
【解析】1. 本题句意：在公共汽车上，如果其他人站着，小孩子应该让座。
6. as a matter of fact 【原句回放】As a matter of fact, I do not like violence... but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.（page 34 line 22）
【点拨】as a matter of fact 意为“事实上；实际上”，相当于in fact。
如：She doesn’t like him much—as a matter of fact, I think she hates him.
她一点也不喜欢他，事实上我认为她恨他。
As a matter of fact, I don’t know the truth. 事实上，我不知道真实的情况。
随时练
1. I agree that he tried hard the ______remains that he has not finished the job in time.
A. question B. reality C. fact D. problem
【解析】1. the fact is/remains 是固定结构，意为“虽然话是这么说，但是事实是……”
A项为“需要回答的问题”；B项为“现实”；D项为“需要解决的问题”。
7. be put in prison 【原句回放】 It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison for years.（page 34 line 23）
【点拨】 be put in prison 意为“被关进监狱；监禁”。prison前不加冠词，还可以说be sent / thrown into prison；若前加冠词则表示具体的建筑物或场所。
put in prison = send...to prison = throw ...into prison 把……投入监狱
如：He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
他为了黑人而斗争被抓进监狱30年。
The car thieves have been put in prison. 偷车贼被关进了监狱。
be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
He has been in prison for five years. 他被监禁了5年。
【拓展】 相关的词组：go to prison 入狱 break (out of )prison 越狱
有些短语有无冠词意义不一样； 除prison外，还有：go to church 做礼拜， go to the church 去教堂； at table 在吃饭， at the table在桌子旁； out of question 毫无疑问， out of the question 不可能等。
随时练
1. He _____ in prison for five years and you may see him at home next year.
A. has been put B. has been thrown C. was sent D. has been
2. During wartime, the religious leader was _____ in Monahan for two years.
A. put in a prison B. put in the prison C. put in prison D. put in prisons
【解析】1. B,C 两项搭配的介词不是in. A项表示一次性的动作，不接延续时间；D项是be 的完成式表示状态，还在监狱，要到家里去看他的时间只能是明年。
2.put sb in prison 是固定词组，把某人投入监狱。prison 前不加冠词，prison 用单数。
8. reward 【原句回放】They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government was my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. (Page 38 line19)
【点拨】reward n. 报酬，奖金
如：He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力但是没有什么报酬。
in reward 作为报酬
如：She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 对她的仁慈我无以回报。
vt. 酬谢，给以报答
reward sb for sth 因……而奖赏某人
reward sb with sth 因……酬劳某人
He rewarded me with a prize. 他给我一个奖励作为报酬。
【拓展】reward 一般指通过做某事获得的回报或者报酬，可以是钱，也可以是物品或精神鼓舞。
award 指的是由评委经过认真考虑颁发的奖品。
prize指在比赛中获得的奖项。
随时练
1.It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to______.
A. reward B. prizes C. awards D. results
【解析】1.句意：“小孩子喜欢做事是因为这样会带来奖励。”在此句中，这种奖励大多时候是精神上的。
9. should have done 【原句回放】He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evening when we should have been asleep.
【点拨】should do & should have done
should do 表示应该做，一般指现在或将来的动作，指过去的动作时应站在过去的角度。
should have done 表示本应该做而没有做的。站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。
如：He should have come earlier. 你本应该来早点，却没来。
You should come earlier tomorrow. 明天你应该早来点。
You should have written to your mother. 你本应该写信给你的母亲。
My teacher said I should study harder. 老师告诉我我应该努力学习。
随时练
1.I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done
2. ---Has the manager left ---He _______ have left because his car is still in the parking lot.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. cannot
【解析】 1. 句意“我对这辆车的车速进行推测，肯定速度至少在150公里每小时”。C项意为：本来能（实际上没做）。
2. 句意：---经理走了吗？---他不可能走，因为他的车还在停车场。mustn’t have done 是错误的表达，shouldn’t have done 本来不该做某事（实际上已经做了）；needn’t have done本来没有必要要做某事（实际上已经做了）。
10. 重点句型：only then... 【原句回放】...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
【点拨】only then 此处引起倒装句，当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。
如：Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只要每天都练习几个小时你就能够掌握英语。
only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。
Only he knew how to solve the problem. 只有他知道怎么解决问题。
【拓展】含有否定意义的副词或连词放于句首句子半倒装，主要有：hardly, never, little, seldom, nor, neither, not only...but also...
如：Never will we meet again. 我们再也不会见面。
（2）so, such 放在句首，表示主语或状语，主句倒装。
如：So loudly did he speak that he made himself heard.
他说话这么大声以至于别人能听见自己。
（3）so, neither, nor 放在句首，表示主语与前面的主语情况相同。
如：she is a teacher, so am I. 她是个老师，我也是。
随时练
1._____Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Might she as try B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as she might
【解析】as引导让步状语从句，要部分倒装，把形容词，副词，名词或实义动词提前。B,C未用倒装，A项might 不可提前，而应提前try。
写作进行时
【例题】 人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1. 广交朋友
2. 可自由表达思想
3. 利于外语学习 1. 浪费时间
2. 影响学习
3. 可能上当受骗 ？
注意： 1.文章必须包括表中的全部内容。 2.词数为100左右。
【写作过程】
1. 审题：
本文是一个表格题有利也有弊，最主要的是要说清你自己的理由。
2. 相关词汇:
网络朋友 on-line friend(s)； 上当受骗 to be cheated；
chatting 聊天； It is my opinion that 在我看来
3. 谋篇：
第一要把赞成的理由和反对的理由说清楚，不要逐句翻译。
第二是要注意这种题自由性很大，要注意不要随意乱说，要把自己的观点充分的说明。
4. 写作：者两个单元讲的语法是定语从句，写作时要尽量运用。
【参考范文】 Should students make friends on line Some people say yes. The Internet helps make many friends. Chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, and even get help with their foreign language studies.?
Others，however, think students should not. They say making friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. Besides, some students get cheated on line.
It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.
定语从句相关讲解
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that。
3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
1) This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
2) Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为“的”字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）
比较: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who，whom， whose， 指物时用which，whose； 关系副词when，where，why，etc.
1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.
2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.
3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
4. He was proud, which his brother never was.
as 的用法 (as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
(1) 如为限制性的，多用于the same...as； the same as；such...as...； as many/much as；so...as等结构中。
如：1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。
Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.
(关系代词as和指示代词same连用，在从句中用作表语，先行词是same。)
2. ---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now
--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.
We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.
Don't do such things as you are not sure about.
There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.
比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.
I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.
比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）
Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）
(2) 如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为“正如，这一”。（动词常为know，see，expect，point out，etc.）
1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语)
=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作主语）
=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health.
或: Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know.（as 作宾语）
或: Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.
2. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)
as & which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
(1) 位置的不同：
which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。
如：1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.
2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或 Jack is an honest man, as you know.
或 As you know, Jack is an honest man.
(2) 先行词的不同：
as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；
which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。
1. He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词）
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.（先行词是一个短语）
He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）
2. He is an honest man, as is known to all.
He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.
(3) as 一般译为 “正如”、“就像”， “这一点”
as we all know；as you know； as is known to all；as you see； as we can see；
as has been expected；as we have imagined
附: 关系代词的省略:
1. This is the fastest train there is to Beijing.
2. He asks for the latest book there is on the shelf.
3. ---What did the football player you were talking to want
---He would like to read or listen to an account of everything there is going on in the world.
语法专练
1． The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.
A. which; that B. that; × C. ×; that D. ×; ×
2． It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.
It was 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.
A. when B. which C. that D. ×
3． Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born
A. at which B. which C. in which D. at where
4． Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born
A. where B. which C. in which D. at which
5． In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. to whom B. of whom C. from whom D. that
6． The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair.
A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which
7. Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late
A. why B. that C. for which D. what
8. Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain.
A. where B. in place C. that D. the place where
9. We need the same machine ______ in your factory.
A. which is being used B. as is being used C. that is being used D. as it is being used
10．______ the people, not things ______ are most important.
A. There are; who B. Those are; that C. It is; that D. It was; who
11._________you know, he is a famous musician. A. As B. which C. That D.／
12. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what
13. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
14. The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
15. It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
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