课件57张PPT。Grammar & usageSubjunctive Mood
虚拟语气Revision虚拟语气?
1） 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。2） 在条件句中的应用 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。在条件状语从句和结果状语从句中,表示与事实相反的条件和结果。
1) 与现在事实相反：
If 主语 …, 主语 +V原 were
V-edshould (would
could, might)2) 与过去事实相反：
If 主语 , 主语 +have Ved
3) 与将来事实相反：
If 主语 …,主语 +V原should (would
could, might)should
were toshould (would
could, might)had Ved 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。
If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.2. 假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
Should there be a flood, what should we do?注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were
C. Were I D. Was I 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.1. Had you listened to the doctor, you _________ all right now.
A. are B. were
C. would be D. would have been
2. __________ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be
C. There will be D. There should bePractise3. __________ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
4. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved
B. would have been saved
C. will be saved
D. had been saved5. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a
moment ago.
A. would B. should have
C. may D. have
6. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow
C. snow D. will snow7. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. may not make B. might not make
C. shouldn’t have made
D. might not have made
8. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were B. had been
C. are D. should be1) 如果你没有开着窗户睡觉的话, 你就不会感冒了。If you had not slept with the window open, you would not have caught a cold.2) 要不是明天有测验我今天晚上就去听音乐会。If I were not to have a test, I would go to the concert tonight.3) 如果他在这儿的话，他会帮我们的。If he were here, he should help us.1. We use mixed conditionals when the main
clause and the if-clause are about different
tenses.
e.g. If you had come and attended the meeting yesterday, you would know what we are doing now.
If you had followed my advice, you
would not be in trouble now.Answers
A (1) had not studied
(3) had studied
(5) knew
(7) could helpPart A(2) would not be(4) would have(6) would be(8) would not be
2. use otherwise, or and phrases beginning with with, without and but for to replace an if-clause in implied conditionals Without air , there would be no living things.
But for your help , I couldn’t have done it.(If there were not air)(If it hadn’t been for your help)
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.
(If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)
I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.
(If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)3. In adverbial clauses introduced by even if, as if, as though and if only we can use unreal conditionals.即使生了病，他也去办公室。
Even if he were ill, he would go to his office.
他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。
He treated me as if I were a stranger.
她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 虚拟语气特殊句型：wish/if only 现在：
过去：
未来：did（were）had donewould do I wish I were a bird.（现在）
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去）
We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. （将来）If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadn’t missed the train! I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn‘t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明下雨就好了。2）wish to do表达法。 wish sb. / sth. to do I wish to see the manager.
= I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once.
= I want the manager to be informed at once.2. would rather that现在：
过去：
未来：I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too.Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.diddidhad done3. It’s (about/high) time +that should dodid你该走了。我们该去
睡觉了。It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed. 4. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即
1. insist 2. order, command
3. advise, suggest, propose
4. demand , require, request, desire
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom 去休息一下。
他坚决要求我到场。
国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should ) be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____(obey) the rules.
2.He insisted that she ______ (be)seriously ill and that _________(send) to hospitals at once.
3.He suggested that we________(have) a meeting at once.
4.His pale face suggested that he______(be) ill.obeywasbe senthavewas 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIt’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.
All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.5. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.
It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we should study hard.Answers
(1) Without
(3) otherwise/or
(5)With
(7) even if
(9) If onlyPart B(2) otherwise/or(4) wish(6) Without(8) without(10) as if6. 某些简单句的固定句型：
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!高考链接1. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ____________ yesterday. (2006 全国)
A. was happening
B. happens C. has happened
D. happened2. ---Don’t you think it necessary that he ________ to Miami but to New York?
---I agree, but the problem is ________he has refused to. (2005江苏)
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what3. If I _____plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. (2005湖北)
would B. could
C. had to D. ought toConsolidationMultiple choice:
1. We demanded that we __________ of any change in the plan.
? A. informed??? B. would be informed??? ?
??? C. be informed??? D. had been informed
2. It’s necessary that he _________ a recognized qualification.
? A. has????????? ?B. have? ????
C. had?????? ???? ? D. having
3. It's high time we ____________ our attention to this problem.
? A. turned????? ??? B. turn????? ???????
????C. had turned? ????? D. would turn4. If only you __________ him what I said!? Everything would have been all right.
? A. didn't told????? B. hadn't told ????????????
?C. would not tell???? D. would have not told
5. He must have had an accident, or he____________ here then.
? A. would have been???? B. had been
C. should have been??? D. could be
6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers_____________ before.
? A. had invented????? B. were invented
C. should have been invented
D. had been invented7. _____________ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.
? A. Were they to??? ? B. Could they? ???
?????C. If they??? ????????? D. Would they
8. Five minutes earlier, and we ____________ the last bus.
?? A. had caught?????? B. should have caught? ?
???C. could have caught? D. caught
9. You ____________ the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.
A. shouldn't have washed
B. mustn't have washed
C. can not have washed
?D. needn't have washed10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _________ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
?? A. has to get???? ??B. were to get??? ?????
?? C. had got??????? ??? ?D. could have got
11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____________ himself.
?? A. injure??? ?B. had injured ?
?? C. injured?? ?D. would injure
12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios __________ after 11 o'clock at night.
?? A. were not played?????????B. not to play
C. not be played?????????????D. did not play13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _________ on business first.
?? A. would go???? ?? ? B. will go????? ??
?????C. went? ???????????? D. have gone
14. It is important that enough money ___________ to fund the project.
?? A. be collected????? B. must be collected?
C. was collected?????D. can be collected
15. If only the committee __________ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
?? A. approve???????? B. will approve? ??
? ?C. can approve???????D. would approve16. I don't think it advisable that Tom ________ to the job since he has no experience.
?? A. is assigned???? ? B. will be assigned ??
C. be assigned?????????? ? D. has been assigned
17. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.
?? A. needn't have seen? B. must have seen?
? C. might have seen????? ??D. can't have seen
18. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.
A. would have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
?? C. would telephone???????? D. had telephoned19. It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.
A. is not started??? B. will not be started ?
C. not be started?????D. is not to be started
20. I wish I ________ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
could have slept?? B. slept??????????
C. might have slept?????? D. have slept21. I ________ her to the party but I didn't know her well.
?? A. ought have invited???
B. would have invited
C. should invite??????D. may have invited
22. You ________ to town to see the film last week. It will be on TV tomorrow.
A. needn't go???? B. should not go??
C. had better not go??D. needn't have gone23. --- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
--- Yes, but I _____ busy doing my homework.
A. Was B. were C. had been D. would be
24. It was essential that the application forms ______back before the deadline.
??A. must be sent???? B. would be sent??
??C. be sent???? ????????????? D. were sent
25. It is important that we ________.
A. shall close the window before we leave
B. will close the window before we leave
C. must close the window before we leave
D. close the window before we leaveII. Translation:
1. 我不知道他的电话号码,否则我就打电话给他了。
I didn't know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him.
2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。
He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.
3. ---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给她？
---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。
---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
---- Yes, but I were busy doing my homework. 4．如果你昨晚没有看电影那么晚的话，你现在就不会那么困了。
If you hadn’t seen that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.
5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。
Without electricity, human life would be quite different todayThank you!课件50张PPT。Making an action planProjectChanging the world— my commitmentWhat is MSF?Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international organization that provides free medical services around the world.Where do they work?Every year, about 3,000 MSF volunteers from all over the world are sent to more than 80 countries to provide humanitarian (人道主义的) and medical aid to people in need. Frequently, one of the following four situations has led to MSF’s involvement:Wars and Conflicts Refugees难民 and Displaced People Natural or Man-made Disasters Long-Term Assistance Organization structure
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Top ReadingChanging the world
——my commitment A diary entry of a nurse who works for the MSF1. What disaster does the place where the nurse stays suffer?
2. Can she communicate with the local
people easily? Why?
3. How does she feel when thinking of her experiences as a member of MSF?Listen to the passage and try to find
the answers to the following questionsFloods.Yes. Because many people can speak English and French.She feels that she has been very lucky to be able to help others and do something worthwhile.TorF 1) Although there is too much work to do, she can still afford to write her diary every day.
2) The town is in ruins, but fortunately the hospital remains in good condition and usable.
3) Before working in this island, she has never worked in poor areas. 4) There are altogether five people on the medical team, two doctors , one nurse and two assistants.
5) She worried that malnutrition will be a problem in the future because the fields and harvest have been destroyed.
6) Several MSF staff were attacked as people on the island tried to get the food.Read the diary carefully and try to find the answers to some more questions.1. Where do you think she works most of the time?3. What dangers do you think she feels about her job?Usually, she is working in areas that have no water such as Kenya and Sudan, where famine is the problem.Sometimes there is lots of fighting. There is not enough clean water.2. What’s the situation in the flooded area?Everything is in chaos. The whole island is flooded. People have fled to the mountains. The hospital is badly damaged, and is completely unusable.4. What dangers and problems do you think the people on the island face?The outbreak of water-borne diseases such as malaria snd typhoid.People who have regular medication cannot get hold of it in a disaster.It’s difficult for cuts and wounds to heal and easy for bacteria to spread.Shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.Find the proper information from the passage, and fill in the chart.set up feeding centers to make sure that people get foodcheck the health of babies to make sure that they put on weightgive vaccinations to stop children dying from measles set up a clinic to take care of injuries bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading In addition, they listen to and comfort people.125436ways that the MSF nurses help peopleWhat does the writer mean by the title “Changing the world—my commitment”?DiscussionExercisesFill in the blanks with the words given in the box, using the proper form. convenience lucky pride difference give
work destroy far cause act preserve Before I came here, I once worked as an nurse in the areas, such as Sudan and Kenya, where there was no enough water. there, we usually helped people, babies or children by setting up feeding centers, checking the health of babies or injection of vaccination to children. , the life there was full of fighting and we had to look out for bullets and from time to time moved from one place to another.
However, things are entirely here. The problem people meet here is not the lack of water but the mud and water everywhere. It is not
for people to travel from place to place. WorkinggivingUnluckilydifferentconvenientconvenience lucky pride difference give
work destroy far cause act preserve The water makes it hard for the cuts and wounds to heal and the fields and harvests, the problem of people’s malnutrition. Sometimes, when food came, people fight with each other to get it. Luckily, I can communicate with the people with the help of my good skills
Thinking of what I did and am doing, I feel so of myself because I do all I can to make a difference to people’s life on an individual level.destroyscausingfurtheractingproudLanguage points …that provides free medical services around the world. 在全世界提供免费医疗free 1. 免费的 free education免费票免费教育免费free of chargefor freea free ticketfree 2.有空的，空闲的 a free evening
free space to park the car空闲的晚上停车的空地free 3.自由的；（国家）独立自主的 free speech
a free nation
have a free access to the library
be free to do
自由言论独立的国家自由进入图书馆随意、任意做 L.2 Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.
=I arrived here only to find everything was in chaos. 来到这儿，发现一切都乱糟糟的。 in chaos 杂乱，混乱；无秩序 大风刮得花园零乱不堪。
The strong wind left the garden in chaos.
房间里一切都杂乱无章。
Everywhere in the room was in chaos and disorder.create chaos 制造混乱in a messThe kitchen was in a mess.to find=only to find 作结果状语他们到达车站，发现火车已经开走。
They arrived at the railway station only to find the train gone.The whole of the island is flooded.
flood vt. vi. 淹没， 泛滥 暴雨过后，所有的田块都被淹没了。
All the fields were flooded after the heavy storm. 啤酒从杯子里溢了出来。
Beer flooded from the glass. flood n. 洪水， 一大阵/批、片a flood of letters一大批信件flee vi. (fled, fled) (flight n.) 逃走；逃跑
flee to Europe 逃到欧洲
敌人四处逃散。
The enemy fled in different directions.
vt. 逃离，避开
flee one’s country 逃离祖国Citizens were forced to flee the city.
居民被迫逃离这座城市。escape vi. 逃跑，逃走；漏出
escape from prison 越狱
鸟逃出了笼子。
The bird escaped from the cage.
水从破管子里往外流。
Water is escaping from the broken pipe.
vt. 逃脱， 逃避， 避免
escape death
escape responsibility
escape punishment 逃脱死亡
逃避责任
逃避惩罚ensure vt. 保证 <成功等> ; 确保<地位等>
他们保证他会获奖。
They ensured that he would obtain the prize. 保证成功[安全, 供应]
ensure success [safety, supplies]…and we checked the health of babies to make sure they were putting on weight
（把……）查明， （把……）弄清楚，设法确保 我想这个成语来自汉语，但你最好核实一下。
你应该把聚会的时间和地点弄清楚。
I think the idiom is from Chinese, but you’d better make sure.You should make sure of the time and place of the gathering.be/feel sure of 确信
about 对……有把握
to do 一定要，务必He went around making sure that all the windows were closed.他巡视了一遍，看看所有的窗是否都已关上。
We are very concerned about the outbreak of …concern vt. 涉及；与……有关；使……关心能源问题关系到我们每一人。
不要卷入与你无关的事。
这孩子的健康不佳使他的父母担忧。
The energy problem concerns us all.Don’t get involved in the things that don’t concern you.The child’s poor health concerns his parents.be concerned about/at, over 关心， 对……不安 Maintaining world peace concerns all the peace-loving nations. 维护世界和平关系到所有爱好和平的国家。高考链接1. We thought of selling this old furniture, but we’ve decided to __________ it. It might be valuable. ( 2002 全国)
A. hold on to B. keep up with
C. turn to D. look after
2. We want to rent a bus which can 40 people for our trip to Beijing. (2006 天津)
A. load B. hold
C. fill D. support… who have regular medication cannot get hold of it… get/catch hold of 得到，获得
在市中心是很难叫到出租车。
一定要让你的朋友们知道在什么地方可以找到你。
It is not easy to get hold of a taxi in the city centre.Make sure your friends knows where to get hold of you.Please remind me to leave her this note.
请提醒我留给她这张纸条。
The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.
这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。 remind sb. of sth. 使得某人想起…
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人某事When I think back to all the experiences …他回想起昨晚发生的事。
这些照片使我回想起我上学的日子。
He thought back to what had happened last night.The photos make me think back to my school-days.think of 想到，想起
think about 思考，考虑
think over 仔细考虑
think highly/well of 赞扬，赞美
think much of 对……评价好
think little/badly 认为不好
think out 想出make (a) difference 有关系，有影响It doesn't make a bit of difference if you are late to my party.
My secret activity made no difference at all to my friendship with John. 你参加我的晚会是否迟到并不会产生什么差别。我秘密的行动并不会对我与约翰的友谊造成什么影响。afford1. 买得起
He can afford (to buy) an apartment.
他能买得起一套住房。
2. 经受得住；承担得起
Can you afford $12000 for the jewel?
你花得起12000美元买这个首饰吗？
I can't afford three weeks away from work.
我无法丢下工作三星期。expense费用,开支,代价
What are the expenses of moving house?
搬家的花销是多少？
A motorcycle can be a great expense.
买一辆摩托车可能要花很多钱。
He finished the job at the expense of his health.
他以牺牲健康来完成这项工作。1. 推荐；推举
Can you recommend a good dictionary to me? (recommend sb. sth.)
你能给我介绍一本好词典吗？
2. 劝告；建议
He recommended wearing a new dress.
他建议穿一件新衣服。
I recommend you to wait. (advise)
我劝你等一等。
They recommended that the plan
(should) be improved.
他们建议计划要进行改进。recommend艰难; 辛酸, 苦难
economic hardship
经济困难
bear hardship without complaint
任劳任怨
undergo [go through] all kinds of hardships
备尝辛酸hardshipoccupation1. 职业,工作
Please state your name, address, and occupation.
请说出你的姓名,地址和职业。
2. 占领,占据
She was born in France during the German occupation.
她是德军占领(法国)期间在法国出生的。 Thank you课件51张PPT。The UNUnit 4 Reading—bringing everyone closer together—What do you know about the UN?The UN logo
联合国徽记The UN flagThe UN headquarters (New York)联合国总部General Assembly of the United Nations (UNGA) 联合国大会 (简称“联大” )Secretary General of the United Nations
联合国秘书长特里格夫·赖伊，挪威人。联合国第一任秘书长（1946至1952年）。1达格·哈马舍尔德，瑞典人。联合国第二任秘书长。1953年4月10日当选。1961年9月18日，他在赴刚果途中，因飞机失事身亡。 2吴丹，缅甸人， 联合国第三任秘书长（1962至1971年） 。3库尔特·瓦尔德海姆，奥地利人，联合国第四任秘书长（1972至1981年 ）。45佩雷斯·德奎利亚尔，秘鲁人，联合国第五任秘书长（1982至1991年 ）。6布特罗斯·布特罗斯·加利，埃及人， 联合国第六任秘书长（1992至1996年 ）。7科菲·安南Kofi Annan ，加纳人，联合国第七任秘书长（1997至2006年 ）。 8潘基文，韩国人，联合国第八任秘书长，2006年新当选。The UN peace-keeping force
联合国维和部队 The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council安理会常任理事国FranceRussiaFast readingRead the text quickly and answer the following questions. Who is Tang Ning?
2. How many countries belong to the UN?
3. Which countries has Tang Ning visited?A businesswoman and a Goodwill Ambassador.191 countries.Countries in Africa.Careful readingRead the text carefully and divide the text into three parts.Part 1Part 2Part 3Brief introduction of the UNWorking as a UN Goodwill Ambassador The problems the UN helps solve
and its goals to achieve by 2015Para______Para______Para______(1-2)(3-4)(5)Listen to the first two paragraphs and try to fill in as much information as you can.The United Nations (the UN)When it was set upCountries in
the UN Fill in as much information as you can.After the Second World War in October 1945(originally) 51 countries(recently) 191 countries Fill in as much information as you can.The United Nations (the UN)Its four
main
purposes ____________________________2.________________________________________________________3.____________________________________________________________________________________4.____________________________to keep international peace; _________________________________________to develop friendly relationships among nations;to be a center for organizing the actions or work of different nations.to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights; 4._________________________________________________________helps end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts; Fill in as much information as you can.The United Nations (the UN)Problems it deals with____________________________________________________________________________________5.________________________________________________________2.____________________________assists the victims of wars and disasters; 3.____________________________improves international laws;protects human rights;helps with other problems such as lack of education, lack of food, poverty, disasters and disease Read para. 5 to find the rest informationFind the rest information in para. 5.The United Nations (the UN)Goals it promises to
achieve by 2015____ in all, including:
☆ ____________________
available to everyone;
☆ ___________________ of all children.Eightfresh drinking waterprimary education The United Nations
October,1945( originally) 51; (recently) ____ to help end _________;
to assist ________ of wars & disasters;
to protect ____________;
to improve _______________;
to help with problems of _______________…191conflictsvictimshuman rightsinternational lawspoverty, diseaseSummary The United Nations
to keep international ______ ;
to develop friendly ___________ among nations;
to cooperate in solving international ________ & in promoting respect for__________;
to be a _______ for organizing the actions of countries. ____ in all, including:
________________ available to everyone;
_______________ of all children.peacerelationshipsproblemshuman rightscentre8fresh drinking waterprimary educationSummaryUnited Nations International Children’s Fund
联合国儿童基金会Jackie Chan
actor & martial arts expert
Cambodia, in April 2004Lang Lang
Pianist of our time
on 20 May 2004David Beckham
Football player
NEW YORK, 12 January 2005UN Goodwill AmbassadorRead the third and fourth paragraphs and try to answer these questions? What occupation does the speaker take up in the UN?
How much money does she earn by doing this job?
What project or projects has she been involved in?
How does she help those people that need help?1. What occupation does the speaker take up in the UN?
2. How much money does she earn by doing this job?
3. What project or projects has she been involved in?A Goodwill Ambassador.She volunteers. She gets no salary for the job.She visits countries where the UN has programmes to help people.4. How does she help those people that need help?She helps by visiting the countries where the UN has programmes and increasing the people’s awareness of the work of the UN. People will therefore pay more attention and be encouraged to work for the projects.As common people, what can we do to help those in need? Group workLanguage pointsL2 …to talk to you about the United Nations or the UN, as it is more often referred to .提到, 谈到, 涉及Although she didn't mention any names while she was talking, everyone knew who she_________________. (提到, 谈到)
He likes to ______________（被称为）as “Doctor Smith” instead of “Mr. Smith”.
He gave the speech without _____________(查阅,参考)his notes. was referring tobe referred toreferring to refer (v.) reference (n.)
reference book 参考书，工具书L2 The UN is an international group ____________ countries that want to …
组成, 构成made up ofThese seven people made up the entire population of that village.
I'm glad to see you two have made up.
That's a good riddle. Did you make it up yourself?
组成和解；和好编造，虚构Please stay with us; I could make up a bed for you on the sofa.
They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play.
I'm trying to make up for the lost time while I was sick. 整理；收拾化妆弥补,补足；L5 … visit five countries where the UN operates programs to help people. (v.) 运作
L17 The organization is involved in peacekeeping operations… (n.) 行动别担心，将有人给我们演示如何操作新机器。
这家公司在60多个国家经营快餐店。
Don't worry - everyone will be shown how to operate the new machines.The company operates fast-food restaurants in over 60 countries.
除了立刻给我的胳膊动手术，那天他们别无选择。The other day they had no choice but to operate on my arm immediately.The other day they did nothing but make an operation on my arm immediately.L6 I feel very honored to have been able to take on this role. be/feel honored (to do sth.) 感到荣幸 能够进入国家队我感到十分荣幸。I feel greatly honored to be included in the national team. an honored guest
defend the honor of one’s familyIt is an honor to be included in the national team. (n.) 一位尊贵的客人
捍卫家族的荣誉The scholarship was named in honor of the schoolmate. 为了对……表示敬意 take on this role 担当（某一角色）The newly-built factory is beginning to take on new workers.
The doctor suggested I should not take on too much work.
On hearing the news he took on an annoyed expression.
聘用承担 呈现took ontook great troubletook uptake advantage oftakes pride intook actionPhrases of “take”After graduation, he __________ (承担） the work of environmental preservation. In the first five years, he ________________（不怕麻烦，费力）to do the research related to water conservation, which ______（占据） much of his time. Now he is busy traveling around the country to give speeches, in which he calls on us to ______________（充分利用）solar energy. He always ____________(感到骄傲） his work ; he believes that if everyone _________（采取行动）, our environment would be much cleaner.cooperate with sb. in sth. 和（某人）合作（某事）
如果我们彼此合作，很快就能完成。
If we all cooperate with each other, we'll soon finish.
英、法两国合作制造这种新式飞船。
The British cooperated with the French in building the new craft.
cooperate in harmony 协调地合作
cooperate towards that goal 协力达到那个目标L13. …to co-operate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights. vi. 合作，合力；协力；协同
所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。
All the children were involved in the school play.L17 The organization is involved in peacekeeping operations. 与...有关; 被卷入; 专心地(做)如果我是你，我就不卷入他们的争论中去。If I were you, I would not get involved in their argument.他专心致志地制订计划。
He was involved in working out a plan.L21 With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations… 可敬的，有价值的;值得做的 The money donated by Bill Gates has gone to some very worthy causes, such as helping the children in Africa and people infected with AIDS.崇高的事业worthless ( 无价值的，无益的）
valuable (贵重的, 有价值的)
priceless (无价的, 极贵重的 )Your suggestion is worthy of consideration.
worthy to be considered.
worth considering.
It is worthwhile to consider/ considering your suggestion.你的建议值得考虑。L22 …the UN assists the victims of wars … assist sb. with/in (doing) sth. 援助, 帮助…… help sb. (to) do sth./ help sb. with sth.
lend sb. a hand
do sb. a favor
give help/ assistance/ support to sb.in addition / in addition to（L 22）
as well / as well as
besides
furthermore
moreover 另外,此外L36 They… add it to a sum of money the government gives them.add…to… 把……加到…… add to 增加
add up 相加
add up to 总计为，总数达
________ fertilizer to the soil will help the plants to grow more quickly.
When we ________ the receipts (收据) we realized we had spent too much.
The three angles of a triangle always __________ 180 degrees.
The lights _________ the beauty of the city. Addingadded upadd up toadd toTo sum up a small/large sum of money
一(大/小)笔钱
sum up 总而言之
总之，好学生要全面发展。
___________, a good student develops in an all-round way.
L41 There are lots of such programs and funds ___________________ UN.
在……保护下，在……管理下under the umbrella ofThe program of helping poor students return to school came under the umbrella of local government.L43 Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars…the UN helps countries with other problems…Apart from his earnings as a football coach, he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops.
Apart from the ending, it's a really good film.
as well as / besides except for It's lack of confidence, not lack of ability, that makes most people fail.
L44 …with other problems such as lack of education. (n.) 缺少
许多人失败不是因为缺少能力，而是因为缺乏信心。 (= Lacking confidence makes people fail.)(= is lack of)His real problem is that he lacks confidence.
(v.)他真正的问题是他缺乏自信。L47 one of the goals is to ensure that fresh drinking water is available to everyone.可利用的,可得到的,有用的, 有效的I'm sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.
对不起,这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
Attention, please. These tickets are available on (the) day of issue only.
请注意,这种车票仅在发售当天有效。
This book is not available here.
这里没有这本书。Thank you课件38张PPT。Welcome!Unit 4 Helping poor children TaskSkills building 1: listening for problems and causes If we want to know what the problem is when we are listening to a news report, what phrases or sentences should we pay special attention to? The problem is that…/As you can see…/The result is …/This means … Discussion If we want to know what has caused the problem when we are listening to a news report, what should we pay special attention to? This is because…/This problem has been caused by…/Unfortunately, …/…as… DiscussionStep 1: finding out about problemsListeningA (1) no running water
(3) no money
(4) few clothes or furniture
(5) no electricity
(6) forest has been cut down B (1) poverty
(2) many children, especially girls, do not go to
school
(4) all farming is done by hand
(5) small amount of land and water available
(6) children have poor diets
(7) children do not grow properly
(8) many of the children’s parents have died of
AID
(9) grandparents have to
bring up children
(10) grandparents are old
and poor A (2) repairing of pumps takes several days
B (3) not enough money Skills building 2: discussing in groupsmaking suggestionsasking for opinionsexpressing agreement/disagreementmaking conclusionStep 2: making suggestionsWhat can we do to help the poor children in northern Thailand?Discussion raise some money for them
donate pocket money
give away some books
give them some clothes Skills building 3:
writing a proposal
Step 3:
composing a proposal a proposal to UNICEF _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Possible example
Title: Helping the hill tribe children in northern Thailand
Group members: (Students’ owe names)
Introduction: We have been researching the problems faced by the children in northern Thailand. There are many villages in northern Thailand where children do not have books. Their classrooms have no roofs. Many girls cannot go to school.
Our group would like to help them.Proposal:
We would like to help the children by:
donating the money collected from the students and teachers in our school
donating English books collected from the students in our school
donating clothes collected from the students in our school
writing a letter to them to tell them that we want to do what we can to help themHelping us recognize that there are many people in the world that need help
We would be pleased if you would approve our proposal. If you require any further information, please contact us.
Our contact details are:
(Students’ school address) Benefits:
Helping the hill tribe children in northern Thailand to go to school and live a better life Language pointsface ?
1) v. [I usually + adverb or preposition; T] to turn or be turned towards something physically; to be opposite: 面对，面向
The terrace faces towards the sea/faces south.
Their houses face each other across the street.
2) [T]
If you face a problem, or a problem faces you, you have to deal with it: 面临问题，（问题等）逼近
This is one of the many problems faced by working mothers.
Passengers could face long delays.
You're faced with a very difficult choice there. 3) [T] to accept that something unpleasant is true and start to deal with the situation: 正视（问题）
I think Phil has to face the fact that she no longer loves him.
We have to face facts here — we simply don't have enough money.
He's dying but he refuses to face the truth.face up to sth. phrasal verb
to accept that a difficult situation exists:
She's going to have to face up to the fact that he's not going to marry her.
face-to-face ? adv. , adj. [before noun]
directly, meeting someone in the same place:
We've spoken on the phone but never face-to-face.
She came face-to-face with the gunman as he strode into the playground.to sb.'s face
If you say something unpleasant to someone's face, you say it to them directly, when you are with them:
If you've got something to say, say it to my face.
in the face of sth.
despite having to deal with a difficult situation or problem:
She left home in the face of strong opposition from her parents.高考链接________ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006 四川)
A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face
__________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (2005 北京春)
A. To face B. Having faced
C. Faced D. Facingbreak down
1) If a machine or vehicle breaks down, it stops working: 机器出故障，汽车抛锚
Our car broke down and we had to push it off the road.
2) If a system, relationship or discussion breaks down, it fails because there is a problem or disagreement. 计划等失败3) to be unable to control your feelings and to start to cry: 精神崩溃
When we gave her the bad news, she broke down and cried.break 常用短语：
break away vt./vi. 断掉;拆除;剪掉;与……断绝关系 (from)
break in vi. 强行闯入；打岔
break into vt. 闯入，进入
break off vt. 折断，拆掉；vi. 停止说话，稍事休息
break out vi. 突然发生， 爆发
break through vt./vi. 突破（障碍）
break up vt./vi. 击碎，拆散； 结束；终止； （与）人分 He grabbed her, but she managed to break away.
The burglars broke in through the kitchen window.
My car's been broken into twice this month.
As she was talking, he suddenly broke in, saying, "That's a lie".
War broke out in 1914.
Fighting has broken out all over the city.
He broke off a piece of chocolate.
She broke off in the middle of a sentence.
Protesters broke through the barriers.
She's just broken up with her boyfriend.
We broke up for the holidays in June.高考链接1. News reports say peace talks between the two countries _________ with no agreement reached. （2003全国）
A. have broken down B. have broken out
C. have broken in D. have broken up
2. The computer system suddenly_______ while he was searching for information on the Internet. （2006 辽宁）
A. broke down B. broke out
C. broke up D. broke in高考链接3. I was still sleeping when the fire , and then it spread quickly. (2006 广东)
A. broke out B. put out
C. came out D. got out
4. We’re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we ________ your number incorrectly. (2006 浙江)
A. looked up B. took down
C. worked out D. brought about means: [c] a method or way of doing something: 方法
They had no means of communication.
We need to find some other means of transportation.
We must use every means at our disposal.
She tried to explain by means of sign language.
There is no means of tracing the debt at all.
The family had no means of support (= way of getting money).means常用短语:
by all means
used to give permission: of course 当然可以
"May I borrow this book?" "By all means. "
by no means (ALSO not by any means)
not at all: 决不
It is by no means certain that we'll finish the project by June.
This isn't the last we'll hear of it by any means.
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means __________? with my?progress. A. the teacher is not satisfied??
B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied
D. is the teacher satisfied
BYE-BYE!课件22张PPT。Unit 4Welcome to the unitTwo themes for the world todaypeace and developmentearthquaketsunamitornadoflooddroughtSuppose your home was struck by a serious flood, earthquake, typhoon or some other natural disasters, what would your life be like?What would happen if there was not enough water for farming?
What factors can ensure a good harvest? Almost 800 million people in the world do not have enough to eat. famineWho would you
turn to for help?Why do you think that doctors and nurses need to go to poor areas or countries to help? warSoldiers sent by the UN, who are called the “peace-keeping force”(联合国维和部队)Who are they?Do you think these soldiers play an important role in maintaining the world peace?
Do you think this kind of job is very demanding, challenging and risky? Why or why not?What other organizations do you know of that can help with the situations in the pictures?Thank you!课件26张PPT。Unit 4Word powerDo you know?How many divisions and organizations are connected to the UN ?Specialized
agencies(7) Programmes and
funds(8) _____________
_________________(9) Un Children’s Fund
(10)_______________________________________(11)_______________________________________
(12)_______________________________________(13)_______________________________________(1) Internatinal Labour Organization
(2)_________________
__________________________
(3)_________________________________________________
(4)______________________
(5)_______________________
_______________________
(6)_______________________
Food and Agricultural Organization UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization World Health Organization International Civil Aviation Organization Universal Postal Union World Bank
group International
Monetary Fund UN Environment
Progamme UN Drugs Control Programme UN Development Programme UN Development Fund for Women (1) International Monetary Fund
(2) International Civil Aviation Organization
(3) Universal Postal Union
(4) UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
(5) Food and Agricultural Organization
(6) International Labour organization
(7) World Health Organization Read the passage (P55) and fill in the blanks correctly What do they stand for? Identification身份证明文件Chief Executive Officer首席执行官Bulletin Board Software电子论坛National Basketball Association
美国国家篮球协会Information Technology信息技术People's Republic of China中华人民共和国acronym International Monetary fund
Food and Agricultural Organization
联合国粮食农业组织International Labour Organization
国际劳工组织United nations Educational, scientific and cultural organization
World Health Organization
世界卫生组织
United Nations Environment Programme 联合国环境规划署
WTO World Trade Organization
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
ADB Asian Development bank
ICRC
International Committee of the red Cross
ITU
International Telecommunication UnionCould you give some more examples?Language pointsconnect
v. [I or T] to join or be joined with sth. else: 连接
Can I connect my printer to your computer?
Where does the cooker connect (up) to the electricity?
Has the telephone/electricity/gas been connected (= switched on or joined to the main supply) in your new place yet?
connect
2) v. [T] to consider or show a person or thing to be related to someone or sth. else:使……与……有关
She's an actress I connect with the theatre rather than films.
Police are connecting the break—in with other recent thefts in the area.3) v. [T] to make it possible for you to speak to someone else by telephone:用电话与某人联系
Could you connect me with/to a number in Paris, please? I can't seem to get through.4) v. [I] If two public transport vehicles connect, they arrive at suitable times to allow passengers to get off one and onto another: (交通工具)与……衔接,连接
Your flight arrives in Malaga at ten o'clock where it connects with a coach service to your hotel.
There's a connecting train service between the airport and the city.within：prep., adv. inside or not beyond an area or period of time:在……范围之内
Two-thirds of Californians live within 15 miles of the coast.
For orders within the UK, please enclose ￡2.50 for post and packing.
The resort lies within easy reach of (= not far from) the ski slopes.
She managed to complete her last film well within budget.
The target was now within range and so she took aim and fired.
He could sense that his goal was within reach (= it could be reached).The cathedral spire was now within sight (= it could be seen).
I was acting within the law (= legally).
We came within five points of beating them (= We would have beaten them if we had had five more points).within常用短语:
within limits avoiding behaviour which is extreme or silly: You can wear what you like, within limits.
within shouting distance
very close: We live within shouting distance of the station. within常用短语:
within your rights If you are within your rights to do sth., you are legally allowed to do it: I think I'm quite within my rights to demand a full refund.
within your memory at a time that you are able to remember: Women had gained the vote within my grandmother's memory.1. — Can he take charge of the computer company? ?? — I’m afraid it’s?____ his ability. (2006 四川)
A. beyond? B. within? C. of D. to
2. Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ________ of little children. (2004湖北)
A. hand B. reach C. space D. distance
高考链接3. This new model of car is so expensive that it is _______ the reach of those with average income. (2006 江苏)
A. over B. within C. beyond D. below
4. Sorry. Madam. You’d better come tomorrow because it’s _____ the visiting hours. (2006福建) A. during B. at C. beyond D. before
高考链接standard adj. 1) usual rather than special, especially when thought of as being correct or acceptable: 标准的 White is the standard colour for this model of refrigerator.
These are standard procedures for handling radioactive waste.
The metre is the standard unit for measuring length in the SI system. 2) Language described as standard is the form of that language which is considered acceptable and correct by most educated users of it:
Most announcers on the BBC speak standard English.
In Standard American, 'gotten' is used as a past participle of 'get'.3) [before noun] A standard book or writer is the one that is most commonly read for information on a particular subject:
Her book is still a standard text in archaeology, even though it was written more than twenty years ago. n. 1) [C] a song or other piece of music which has been popular and often played over a long period of time
2) [C usually singular] a pattern or model that is generally accepted:
This program is an industry standard for computers.standard 常用短语
be up the standard 达到标准
above/below the standard 高/低于标准
the standard of living 生活水准
set standards of behavior 制定行为准则
standard time 标准时间
standard English 标准英语
a standard writer 一流作家
standard works 权威作品 Thank You !
