省略句
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课件39张PPT。省略句Ellipsis 省略句 为了使语言简洁或避免重复,省略句中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象称为省略.一.简单句中的省略(了解)1. Sounds like a good idea.
2. Open the door, please.
3. This way, please.
4. -- Are you feeling better now?
-- Much better.
5. -- Where is Tom?
-- I don’t know.
6. What a boy!
It You You comeI’m feeling(now)where Tom isgoodhe is根据表达的需要简单句中常省略主语，表语，宾语等，有时甚至同时省略若干成分1.---will you join us?
--- I should love to2.I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to1.不定式的省略3.--- Would you like to go with us?
--- Yes, I’m glad to(join you).(see the film).(go with you)4.He doesn’t get up early as he used to.(get up)1)不定式在love, mean, want, like, wish, expect, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem等动词后面2)在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面。
3)在have, need, ought, be going, used等动词后面 可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to不定式的省略注意: 如果不定式中含有be, have(助动词), have been, 通常保留be, have(助动词), have been.1.--- Are you a sailor?
--- No, but I used to be.2.---He hasn’t finished yet.
---well, he ought to have.3.--- Will you go instead of him?
--- I prefer not to.--Do you have supper at home?
--No, I used to.
1. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)
A. I have no time B. I'd rather not
C. I‘d like it D. I'd be happy to
2. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
A. / B. to C. so D. that
5.--- He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
--- Well, he _____.
A. should B. ought to
C. ought to go D. ought to have
4. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to
介词的省略(了解)
We have lived here 10 years.
2) It’s no use crying.
3) He spent a lot of money building the tower.
4) I have difficulty finishing my homework.
(for)(in)(in)(in)二.并列句中的省略smile is (she was)(angry)1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略三.情态动词后的省略1. I will do what I can to help you.
2. --- Can I come in?
--- Yes, you can.docome in目的状语1.宾语从句中的省略3. He said (that) he would come the day after tomorrow.2). 宾语从句中that 可以省略，但如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，直省略第一个that1. Please pass me one of these books, I don’t care which (you pass me).
2. ---Is Mr. King in the office?
---Sorry, I don’t know (wheather he is in the office or not).四.复合句中的省略I hope that it will not rain.3) --Do you think it will rain?--I hope not。 替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容。1)肯定时 I believe / expect/ guess/ hope/ suppose/ think/ I’m afraid so
2)否定时 I believe / expect/ guess/ hope/ suppose/ think/ I’m afraid not形式，而think 还有别的表达式即：I think not 或I don’t think so.1.--- You haven’t lost the ticket, have you ?
--- ______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江苏高考)
A.I hope not B. Yes, I have
C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid soＡ2.--Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?
---________.
A.I believe not B. I believe not so
C.I don’t believe it D. I don’t believeA1. Wood gives much smoke while burning.
3、 在状语从句中的省略2. She studies very hard though still rather weak.
3. Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.在状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。Wood gives much smoke while it is burning.She studies very hard though she is still rather weak. Unless it is necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.When____________________ (publish), the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. Once _________a teacher, he now works in a government office.While _____________ (walk) along the street, I heard my name called.(the novel is) published(he was)(I was) walkingHe opened his lips as if ________________.
(好象要说话)(he were) to speak 高考链接：
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春)
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
在比较从句中，往往把和主句重复的部分省略。1. James enjoys the theatre more than Susan (does).
2. Brown speaks French as fluently as (he speaks) English.
1)作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；
2)the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；
1. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.
— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That
2. I don’t like the way ___________ you spoke to her.(in which/ that)4、定语从句中2.Here is the man whom you have been looking for.
3.There is a good film that will put on tonight.
4.He is the man who you can safely depend on.
5. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
6. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
7. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you.
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
四.在感官动词或短语中
1)在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词或短语中.
2)在make，have，let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语” 结构中，不定式前省略to；1. As you've never been there before,
I'll have someone ________ you the way.
(MET 1990上海卷)
A. to show B. show C. showing D. showedB6．虚拟条件中省略if,将were, had, should提到
主语的前面构成部分倒装．1.If there should be a flood, what shall we do ?
2. If he had taken my advice, he would have
finished it.
3. If I were you, I would not do that.Should there be a flood, what shall we do?Had he taken my advice, he would have
Finished it.Were I you, I would not do that.were toWere there to be五.在if引导的虚拟条件句中
在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。
高考链接：
1. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷)
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
2. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷)
A. If it is not B. Were
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
七．惯用的省略结构１．If only I could remember his name!
２．What/ How about some more milk?
３．Why not go at once?
４．No wonder you like the dog so much. 5. Better go there at once.1.The boy always comes to school late although his teacher tells him again and again_______.
A. not to B. not to be
C. not to do D. don’t be
4.---Have you been to see our teacher?
---No, but ________.
A. I want B. I’ll go to see
C. I am going to see D. I’m going to
AD6.Don’t stop to look up the words in the dictionary while __________.
A. read B. reading
C. to be read D. being read
7.________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. when compared B. compare
C. while comparing D. comparing
8.Is this the reason __________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained11.She did what she could _______ him.
A. do B. help C. to help D. helping
12.--- Andrew won’t like it, you know.
--- ________ ? I don’t care what he thinks!
A. so what B. So where
C. so why D. so how
13.--- I’m taking my driving test tomorrow.
--- ________!
A. cheers B. good luck
C. come on D. congratulationsCAB1.Tara: This is Tara Patel from Cotton House in Kidderminster. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?
Mr. Smith: ______.
A. Hello. B. I’m Mr. Smith.
C. Who are you? D. Speaking.
2.--- I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
--- No, _______.
A. it isn’t the same B. It can’t be true
C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
DC3.--- What’s Joan doing?
--- ______ newspapers in the room.
She reading B. She reads
C. To read D. Reading
4.--- Will you waste your time and money on that?
--- Certainly _____.
A. I not B. don’t C. not D. noD C 7. --- Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
--- _______.
I don’t B. I won’t
C. I can’t D. I haven’t
8. --- Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
--- I____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did B C9. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant?
--- ________. It’s too expensive.
Why not B. I agree
C. I’m afraid not D. I’m sure C10.It is well known that the horse will run faster if _______.
A. is whipped B. whipping
C. it whips D. whipped D11.Friendship is like money; easier made than _______.
kept B. to be kept
C. keeping D. being kept
12. There are now three times as many schools in this city ___ ten years ago.
as it is B. with
C. more than D. as A D Easier said than done.13.Nothing would prevent _____ out against further injustices.
A. him speaking B. him to speak
C. that he speakD. him against speaking
14. The Town Hall _____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
to be completed B. being completed
C. completed D. having been completed A Cprevent /stop sb.( from )doing sth. =which/that was completed17. We all know that, ______ , the situation will get worse.
if dealt not carefully with
if not carefully dealt with
not if dealt carefully with
not if carefully dealt with B =if it is not carefully dealt with19.--Are there any chair here for us to sit in?
--There are only a few,____.
A. if any B. if some
C. If so D. if has
20. The plane is due to take off at 7:50 from the Airport.
--- ___We fail to arrive there in time?
-- Try to take another flight then.
A. What if B. As if C. Even if D. Only if
21.She said she had lost her bike.____, we should try our best to help her.
If is so B. If it true C. If so D. If there is soAAC
2. Open the door, please.
3. This way, please.
4. -- Are you feeling better now?
-- Much better.
5. -- Where is Tom?
-- I don’t know.
6. What a boy!
It You You comeI’m feeling(now)where Tom isgoodhe is根据表达的需要简单句中常省略主语，表语，宾语等，有时甚至同时省略若干成分1.---will you join us?
--- I should love to2.I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to1.不定式的省略3.--- Would you like to go with us?
--- Yes, I’m glad to(join you).(see the film).(go with you)4.He doesn’t get up early as he used to.(get up)1)不定式在love, mean, want, like, wish, expect, try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem等动词后面2)在happy，glad，eager，ready，willing等形容词后面。
3)在have, need, ought, be going, used等动词后面 可以省略，但要保留不定式符号to不定式的省略注意: 如果不定式中含有be, have(助动词), have been, 通常保留be, have(助动词), have been.1.--- Are you a sailor?
--- No, but I used to be.2.---He hasn’t finished yet.
---well, he ought to have.3.--- Will you go instead of him?
--- I prefer not to.--Do you have supper at home?
--No, I used to.
1. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)
A. I have no time B. I'd rather not
C. I‘d like it D. I'd be happy to
2. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
A. / B. to C. so D. that
5.--- He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
--- Well, he _____.
A. should B. ought to
C. ought to go D. ought to have
4. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to
介词的省略(了解)
We have lived here 10 years.
2) It’s no use crying.
3) He spent a lot of money building the tower.
4) I have difficulty finishing my homework.
(for)(in)(in)(in)二.并列句中的省略smile is (she was)(angry)1.后面分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略三.情态动词后的省略1. I will do what I can to help you.
2. --- Can I come in?
--- Yes, you can.docome in目的状语1.宾语从句中的省略3. He said (that) he would come the day after tomorrow.2). 宾语从句中that 可以省略，但如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，直省略第一个that1. Please pass me one of these books, I don’t care which (you pass me).
2. ---Is Mr. King in the office?
---Sorry, I don’t know (wheather he is in the office or not).四.复合句中的省略I hope that it will not rain.3) --Do you think it will rain?--I hope not。 替代词so / not用于避免重复前面所说过的内容。1)肯定时 I believe / expect/ guess/ hope/ suppose/ think/ I’m afraid so
2)否定时 I believe / expect/ guess/ hope/ suppose/ think/ I’m afraid not形式，而think 还有别的表达式即：I think not 或I don’t think so.1.--- You haven’t lost the ticket, have you ?
--- ______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment. (2004江苏高考)
A.I hope not B. Yes, I have
C. I hope so D. Yes, I’m afraid soＡ2.--Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend?
---________.
A.I believe not B. I believe not so
C.I don’t believe it D. I don’t believeA1. Wood gives much smoke while burning.
3、 在状语从句中的省略2. She studies very hard though still rather weak.
3. Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.在状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且在谓语中含有be时，常省略从句的主语和be。Wood gives much smoke while it is burning.She studies very hard though she is still rather weak. Unless it is necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.When____________________ (publish), the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year. Once _________a teacher, he now works in a government office.While _____________ (walk) along the street, I heard my name called.(the novel is) published(he was)(I was) walkingHe opened his lips as if ________________.
(好象要说话)(he were) to speak 高考链接：
1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春)
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)
A. when taking B. when taken
C. when to take D. when to be taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)
A. invited B. inviting
C. being invited D. having invited
6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
在比较从句中，往往把和主句重复的部分省略。1. James enjoys the theatre more than Susan (does).
2. Brown speaks French as fluently as (he speaks) English.
1)作宾语的关系代词that，which, whom可以省略；
2)the way后面的定语从句中，可以省略that，in which；
1. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.
— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything B. Something C. All D. That
2. I don’t like the way ___________ you spoke to her.(in which/ that)4、定语从句中2.Here is the man whom you have been looking for.
3.There is a good film that will put on tonight.
4.He is the man who you can safely depend on.
5. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained
6. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)
A. the way B. in the way that
C. in the way D. the way which
7. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you.
A. something B. anything C. all D. that
四.在感官动词或短语中
1)在see，watch，hear，feel，observe，notice，listen to等感官动词或短语中.
2)在make，have，let等使役动词之后的“宾语+不定式作宾语补足语” 结构中，不定式前省略to；1. As you've never been there before,
I'll have someone ________ you the way.
(MET 1990上海卷)
A. to show B. show C. showing D. showedB6．虚拟条件中省略if,将were, had, should提到
主语的前面构成部分倒装．1.If there should be a flood, what shall we do ?
2. If he had taken my advice, he would have
finished it.
3. If I were you, I would not do that.Should there be a flood, what shall we do?Had he taken my advice, he would have
Finished it.Were I you, I would not do that.were toWere there to be五.在if引导的虚拟条件句中
在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中含有had，were，should时，可以把had，were，should放在句首，省略if。
高考链接：
1. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷)
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
2. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷)
A. If it is not B. Were
C. Had it not been D. If they were not
七．惯用的省略结构１．If only I could remember his name!
２．What/ How about some more milk?
３．Why not go at once?
４．No wonder you like the dog so much. 5. Better go there at once.1.The boy always comes to school late although his teacher tells him again and again_______.
A. not to B. not to be
C. not to do D. don’t be
4.---Have you been to see our teacher?
---No, but ________.
A. I want B. I’ll go to see
C. I am going to see D. I’m going to
AD6.Don’t stop to look up the words in the dictionary while __________.
A. read B. reading
C. to be read D. being read
7.________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. when compared B. compare
C. while comparing D. comparing
8.Is this the reason __________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained B. what he explained
C. how he explained D. why he explained11.She did what she could _______ him.
A. do B. help C. to help D. helping
12.--- Andrew won’t like it, you know.
--- ________ ? I don’t care what he thinks!
A. so what B. So where
C. so why D. so how
13.--- I’m taking my driving test tomorrow.
--- ________!
A. cheers B. good luck
C. come on D. congratulationsCAB1.Tara: This is Tara Patel from Cotton House in Kidderminster. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please?
Mr. Smith: ______.
A. Hello. B. I’m Mr. Smith.
C. Who are you? D. Speaking.
2.--- I believe we’ve met somewhere before.
--- No, _______.
A. it isn’t the same B. It can’t be true
C. I don’t think so D. I’d rather not
DC3.--- What’s Joan doing?
--- ______ newspapers in the room.
She reading B. She reads
C. To read D. Reading
4.--- Will you waste your time and money on that?
--- Certainly _____.
A. I not B. don’t C. not D. noD C 7. --- Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
--- _______.
I don’t B. I won’t
C. I can’t D. I haven’t
8. --- Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
--- I____, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did B C9. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant?
--- ________. It’s too expensive.
Why not B. I agree
C. I’m afraid not D. I’m sure C10.It is well known that the horse will run faster if _______.
A. is whipped B. whipping
C. it whips D. whipped D11.Friendship is like money; easier made than _______.
kept B. to be kept
C. keeping D. being kept
12. There are now three times as many schools in this city ___ ten years ago.
as it is B. with
C. more than D. as A D Easier said than done.13.Nothing would prevent _____ out against further injustices.
A. him speaking B. him to speak
C. that he speakD. him against speaking
14. The Town Hall _____ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
to be completed B. being completed
C. completed D. having been completed A Cprevent /stop sb.( from )doing sth. =which/that was completed17. We all know that, ______ , the situation will get worse.
if dealt not carefully with
if not carefully dealt with
not if dealt carefully with
not if carefully dealt with B =if it is not carefully dealt with19.--Are there any chair here for us to sit in?
--There are only a few,____.
A. if any B. if some
C. If so D. if has
20. The plane is due to take off at 7:50 from the Airport.
--- ___We fail to arrive there in time?
-- Try to take another flight then.
A. What if B. As if C. Even if D. Only if
21.She said she had lost her bike.____, we should try our best to help her.
If is so B. If it true C. If so D. If there is soAAC