虚拟语气讲与练
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虚拟语气讲与练
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态所持有的态度和看法。英语中有三种语气，即陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。这里主要谈谈虚拟语气，虚拟语气表示的是说话人的主观愿望，假设和虚拟的情况，用在非真实条件句中，表示与事实相反或很难实现的愿望。动词的形式有以下几种变化：
与现在事实相反：
条件句 主句
过去式（be用were） would/ could/ should/ might+动词原形
例如：If I were you , I would/ should start.(如果我是你，我就开始了。事实：我不是你，也没有开始。)。
与过去事实相反：
条件句 主句
Had + P . P, would/should/ should/ might/ +have+ P .P
If I had not made such mistakes , I might have not in trouble.(如果我没例如：有犯这种错误，我可能就没有麻烦。事实：我犯了错误，我有麻烦了)。
与将来事实相反：
条件句 主句
（1）过去式。（2）should(were to)+动词原形 would/ could/ should/ might +动词原形
例如：If it would be Christmas tomorrow. We would have some Christmas presents.（假如明天是圣诞节，我们就会有许多圣诞礼物。事实：明天不是圣诞节，我们也不会有礼物。）。
虚拟语气在几种特殊句型中的利用：
（1） .在 It is (high / about) time that 的句型中，that 从句的谓语动词要用过去式表示虚拟语气，但意指“未来” ，意思是“是------的时候了” ，句中的“that ”可以省略。例如：
A: It is high time they were taught a lesson .（该是教训他们的时候了）。
B: It is about time that morning exercise began .(该早操的时候了)。
（1） ..在含有 but for ,without ,otherwise 等词语表示建设的句子（即含蓄条件句）中，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词与非真实条件句的主句相同 例如：
But for your money ,I couldn’t have bought the books . Without the doctor’s help .the patients couldn’t have recovered so quickly .(没有医生的帮助，这些病人不可能恢复的这么快)。
I wasn’t here yesterday . Otherwise ,I would have saved the child .(昨天我不在，否则我已经救了那孩子)。
（3）.在If only 引导的感叹句中，也要用虚拟语气，谓语形式与非真实条件句的从句相同，意为“要是、、、、、、该多好啊！”或“但愿、、、、、、” 。
If only we hadn’t miss the classes ! (要是我们没有旷课多好啊！)。
虚拟语气在wish 引导的宾语从句中的运用
Wish 引导的从句中虚拟语气情况的谓语形式：
1. 与现在事实相反： that + 主语+ 过去式 例如：
I wish I knew the boss .(我希望我认识老板。)
2.与过去事实相反： that +主语 + had +过去分词
I wish I had played basketball yesterday .(我希望我昨天打篮球了。)
3.与将来事实相反： that + 主语 + would/might + 动词原形
I wish they would come here tonight .(我希望今天晚上他们会来这里。)。
在It is wished that、、、结构中和以wish 作名词时所引导的表语从句或同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气。例如：
It is wished that it wouldn’t rain tomorrow .(要是明天不下雨多好啊！)
The wish that he wanted to be a teacher will come true .(他想当教师的愿望会实现的。)
Would rather + 从句的用法与wish 相同，例如：
I would rather that I wouldn’t have made the mistakes . (我宁愿没有犯错误。)
虚拟语气在其他从句的应用：
（1）.在下列名词性从句中用虚拟语气，结构为“should+动词原形”。
It is (was) important ( necessary, natural, strange, etc.) that…
It is (was) a pity (a shame , no wonder, etc.)that …
It is (was) suggested (desired, ordered, required, proposed, etc.)that…
例如：It is required that you (should) start before seven o’clock .
我求你在七点开始。
It is very important that one should master the skills of computer .
掌握电脑知识是非常重要的。
It is a pity that he (should) fail the exam .
很遗憾他考试没有及格。
（2）在某些动词的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为“（should）+动词
原形。
常见的动词有：一个坚持insist: 两个命令order, demand：三个建议advise
suggest, propose：四项要求demand, required, request, ask。
（1） 在某些的同位语和表语从句中，用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式(should)+
动词常见的名词advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request,opinion等。例如：Our English teacher give advice that we should make good use of every chance to speak English.我们的英语老师建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。
在“It is high time that…”that句型中使用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词用过
去式或should+动词原形构成。例如：It is high time that class began .或It is high time that Class should begin .
同步练习题
1. I loved the movie. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read
C. should have read D. am reading
2. You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. came/could meet B. had come/would have met
C. come/will meet D. had come/would meet
3. It is time that you _____ home and I’d rather you _____ again tomorrow.
A. would go/would come B. went/came
C. go/are going D. are going/will come
4. It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke
C. will speak D. to speak
5. —He has just come out of the hospital.
—No wonder he looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was B. were
C. has been D. had been
6. But for his friends, he _____ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. died B. would die
C. must have died D. would have died
7. How I wish I _____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn't tried
C. have tried D. didn't try
8. Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel
A. will you B. should you
C. would you D. do you
9. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows
C. has known D. had known
10. I suggested yesterday a meeting _____ to discuss the matter.
A. be held B. should hold
C. would be held D. must be held
11. I wish I _____.
A. will tell him that B. didn’t tell him that
C. told him not that D. had not told him that
12. If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had meet
C. would have met D. must have met
13. I certainly wish he _____ me how to sing English songs.
A. teaches B. will teach
C. has taught D. would teach
14. I wish I _____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. should be B. were
C. had been D. was
15. I wish he _____ me some money if I am lucky enough.
A. had lent B. lent
C. would lend D. lends
16. If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been put off.
A. had rained B. would have rained
D. have rained D. rained
17. Our former maths teacher died last term, otherwise he _____.
A. would still be working B. would still have worked
C. should still work D. will still work
18. My father’s doctor suggested that he _____ home.
A. not went B. won’t go
C. not go D. not to go
19. When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.
A. turn off B. turned off
C. would turn off D. had turned off
20. John wished _____.
A. he will study more B. he had studied more
C. he studies D. he won’t have studied more
21. You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep
C. go to bed D. went to bed
22. I would have bought a car if I _____ enough money.
A. were having B. have had
C. would have D. had had
23. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
24. Without the food, he _____.
A. will be thinner B. would be thinner
C. is thinner D. must be thinner
25. If they’d only let us know earlier, _____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
26. If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. were/shall pay B. am/will pay
C. would be/would pay D. were/would pay
27. We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give
C. had not given D. did not give
28. The law requires that everyone _____ for his education.
A. pays B. paid
C. will pay D. pay
29. _____, call the police.
A. If anyone will attempt to break in
B. Would anyone attempt to break in
C. Anyone should attempt to break in
D. Should anyone attempt to break in
30. Had I known her name, _____.
A. or does she know mine
B. and where does she live
C. I would have invited her to lunch
D. she would be beautiful
31. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.
A. knew B. knows
C. known D. know
32. If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed B. owned
C. had D. had had
33. I’d rather you ______ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. would go B. should go
C. went D. had gone
34. The librarian insisted that John _____ the book he had borrowed.
A. shouldn’t returned B. won’t returned
C. not return D. didn’t return
35. I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left
C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave
36. I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
A. had B. didn’t have
C. had had D. have
37. He _____ the job well, but he _____ so careless.
A. hadn’t done/had been B. could have done/was
C. could do/was D. had done/had been
38. He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o'clock.
A. were B. to be
C. would be D. should be
39. I _____ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.
A. would have hoped B. was hoping
C. had hoped D. hoped
40. The doctor did all he could so that he _____ save the soldier’s life.
A. might B. must
C. had to D. was able to
41. _____ you _____ last Wednesday, you might have known it well.
A. Were/to come B. If/came
C. Had/come D. Did/come
42. We _____ delighted if the report _____ true.
A. were/were B. shall be/were
C. would be/were D. were/would be
43. If he _____ here, he _____ you.
A. had been/would helped B. were/would help
C. were/had helped D. would have been/had helped
44. If I had known that, I _____ so.
A. wouldn’t have done B. didn’t do
C. won’t do D. wouldn’t do
45. He didn’t come, but I wish he _____ here now.
A. is B. had been
C. were D. should be
46. You _____ the train if you _____ a little earlier.
A. could take/started B. could have taken/had started
C. could take/had started D. could have taken/started
47. She couldn’t have answered the question if she _____ the book.
A. didn’t read B. wouldn’t read
C. haven’t read D. hadn’t read
48. The officer gave the order that soldiers _____ to go out at night.
A. not be allowed B. mustn’t be allowed
C. be not allowed D. shouldn’t allow
49. _____ he would have succeeded in the examinations.
A. If he has worked hard B. If he works hard
C. Had he worked hard D. Were he worked hard
50. He was taken away by the police. He _____ for a thief.
A. should have been mistaken B. must have been mistaken
C. could have been mistaken D. is mistaken
参考答案
1—5 BBBAD 6—10 DBCAA
11—15 DCDCC 16—20 AACAB
21—25 DDCBC 26—30 DCDDC
31—35 ADCDB 36—40 DBDCA
41—45 CCBAC 46—50 BDACB
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虚拟语气讲与练
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生的动作或所处的状态所持有的态度和看法。英语中有三种语气，即陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。这里主要谈谈虚拟语气，虚拟语气表示的是说话人的主观愿望，假设和虚拟的情况，用在非真实条件句中，表示与事实相反或很难实现的愿望。动词的形式有以下几种变化：
与现在事实相反：
条件句 主句
过去式（be用were） would/ could/ should/ might+动词原形
例如：If I were you , I would/ should start.(如果我是你，我就开始了。事实：我不是你，也没有开始。)。
与过去事实相反：
条件句 主句
Had + P . P, would/should/ should/ might/ +have+ P .P
If I had not made such mistakes , I might have not in trouble.(如果我没例如：有犯这种错误，我可能就没有麻烦。事实：我犯了错误，我有麻烦了)。
与将来事实相反：
条件句 主句
（1）过去式。（2）should(were to)+动词原形 would/ could/ should/ might +动词原形
例如：If it would be Christmas tomorrow. We would have some Christmas presents.（假如明天是圣诞节，我们就会有许多圣诞礼物。事实：明天不是圣诞节，我们也不会有礼物。）。
虚拟语气在几种特殊句型中的利用：
（1） .在 It is (high / about) time that 的句型中，that 从句的谓语动词要用过去式表示虚拟语气，但意指“未来” ，意思是“是------的时候了” ，句中的“that ”可以省略。例如：
A: It is high time they were taught a lesson .（该是教训他们的时候了）。
B: It is about time that morning exercise began .(该早操的时候了)。
（1） ..在含有 but for ,without ,otherwise 等词语表示建设的句子（即含蓄条件句）中，要用虚拟语气，谓语动词与非真实条件句的主句相同 例如：
But for your money ,I couldn’t have bought the books . Without the doctor’s help .the patients couldn’t have recovered so quickly .(没有医生的帮助，这些病人不可能恢复的这么快)。
I wasn’t here yesterday . Otherwise ,I would have saved the child .(昨天我不在，否则我已经救了那孩子)。
（3）.在If only 引导的感叹句中，也要用虚拟语气，谓语形式与非真实条件句的从句相同，意为“要是、、、、、、该多好啊！”或“但愿、、、、、、” 。
If only we hadn’t miss the classes ! (要是我们没有旷课多好啊！)。
虚拟语气在wish 引导的宾语从句中的运用
Wish 引导的从句中虚拟语气情况的谓语形式：
1. 与现在事实相反： that + 主语+ 过去式 例如：
I wish I knew the boss .(我希望我认识老板。)
2.与过去事实相反： that +主语 + had +过去分词
I wish I had played basketball yesterday .(我希望我昨天打篮球了。)
3.与将来事实相反： that + 主语 + would/might + 动词原形
I wish they would come here tonight .(我希望今天晚上他们会来这里。)。
在It is wished that、、、结构中和以wish 作名词时所引导的表语从句或同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气。例如：
It is wished that it wouldn’t rain tomorrow .(要是明天不下雨多好啊！)
The wish that he wanted to be a teacher will come true .(他想当教师的愿望会实现的。)
Would rather + 从句的用法与wish 相同，例如：
I would rather that I wouldn’t have made the mistakes . (我宁愿没有犯错误。)
虚拟语气在其他从句的应用：
（1）.在下列名词性从句中用虚拟语气，结构为“should+动词原形”。
It is (was) important ( necessary, natural, strange, etc.) that…
It is (was) a pity (a shame , no wonder, etc.)that …
It is (was) suggested (desired, ordered, required, proposed, etc.)that…
例如：It is required that you (should) start before seven o’clock .
我求你在七点开始。
It is very important that one should master the skills of computer .
掌握电脑知识是非常重要的。
It is a pity that he (should) fail the exam .
很遗憾他考试没有及格。
（2）在某些动词的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为“（should）+动词
原形。
常见的动词有：一个坚持insist: 两个命令order, demand：三个建议advise
suggest, propose：四项要求demand, required, request, ask。
（1） 在某些的同位语和表语从句中，用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式(should)+
动词常见的名词advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request,opinion等。例如：Our English teacher give advice that we should make good use of every chance to speak English.我们的英语老师建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。
在“It is high time that…”that句型中使用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词用过
去式或should+动词原形构成。例如：It is high time that class began .或It is high time that Class should begin .
同步练习题
1. I loved the movie. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read B. had read
C. should have read D. am reading
2. You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. came/could meet B. had come/would have met
C. come/will meet D. had come/would meet
3. It is time that you _____ home and I’d rather you _____ again tomorrow.
A. would go/would come B. went/came
C. go/are going D. are going/will come
4. It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak B. spoke
C. will speak D. to speak
5. —He has just come out of the hospital.
—No wonder he looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was B. were
C. has been D. had been
6. But for his friends, he _____ of hunger 30 years ago.
A. died B. would die
C. must have died D. would have died
7. How I wish I _____ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.
A. had tried B. hadn't tried
C. have tried D. didn't try
8. Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel
A. will you B. should you
C. would you D. do you
9. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew B. knows
C. has known D. had known
10. I suggested yesterday a meeting _____ to discuss the matter.
A. be held B. should hold
C. would be held D. must be held
11. I wish I _____.
A. will tell him that B. didn’t tell him that
C. told him not that D. had not told him that
12. If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet B. would had meet
C. would have met D. must have met
13. I certainly wish he _____ me how to sing English songs.
A. teaches B. will teach
C. has taught D. would teach
14. I wish I _____ able to tell him all about it last night.
A. should be B. were
C. had been D. was
15. I wish he _____ me some money if I am lucky enough.
A. had lent B. lent
C. would lend D. lends
16. If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been put off.
A. had rained B. would have rained
D. have rained D. rained
17. Our former maths teacher died last term, otherwise he _____.
A. would still be working B. would still have worked
C. should still work D. will still work
18. My father’s doctor suggested that he _____ home.
A. not went B. won’t go
C. not go D. not to go
19. When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.
A. turn off B. turned off
C. would turn off D. had turned off
20. John wished _____.
A. he will study more B. he had studied more
C. he studies D. he won’t have studied more
21. You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep B. went to sleep
C. go to bed D. went to bed
22. I would have bought a car if I _____ enough money.
A. were having B. have had
C. would have D. had had
23. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves
24. Without the food, he _____.
A. will be thinner B. would be thinner
C. is thinner D. must be thinner
25. If they’d only let us know earlier, _____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them
26. If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. were/shall pay B. am/will pay
C. would be/would pay D. were/would pay
27. We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given B. would not give
C. had not given D. did not give
28. The law requires that everyone _____ for his education.
A. pays B. paid
C. will pay D. pay
29. _____, call the police.
A. If anyone will attempt to break in
B. Would anyone attempt to break in
C. Anyone should attempt to break in
D. Should anyone attempt to break in
30. Had I known her name, _____.
A. or does she know mine
B. and where does she live
C. I would have invited her to lunch
D. she would be beautiful
31. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.
A. knew B. knows
C. known D. know
32. If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed B. owned
C. had D. had had
33. I’d rather you ______ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. would go B. should go
C. went D. had gone
34. The librarian insisted that John _____ the book he had borrowed.
A. shouldn’t returned B. won’t returned
C. not return D. didn’t return
35. I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left
C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave
36. I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
A. had B. didn’t have
C. had had D. have
37. He _____ the job well, but he _____ so careless.
A. hadn’t done/had been B. could have done/was
C. could do/was D. had done/had been
38. He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o'clock.
A. were B. to be
C. would be D. should be
39. I _____ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind.
A. would have hoped B. was hoping
C. had hoped D. hoped
40. The doctor did all he could so that he _____ save the soldier’s life.
A. might B. must
C. had to D. was able to
41. _____ you _____ last Wednesday, you might have known it well.
A. Were/to come B. If/came
C. Had/come D. Did/come
42. We _____ delighted if the report _____ true.
A. were/were B. shall be/were
C. would be/were D. were/would be
43. If he _____ here, he _____ you.
A. had been/would helped B. were/would help
C. were/had helped D. would have been/had helped
44. If I had known that, I _____ so.
A. wouldn’t have done B. didn’t do
C. won’t do D. wouldn’t do
45. He didn’t come, but I wish he _____ here now.
A. is B. had been
C. were D. should be
46. You _____ the train if you _____ a little earlier.
A. could take/started B. could have taken/had started
C. could take/had started D. could have taken/started
47. She couldn’t have answered the question if she _____ the book.
A. didn’t read B. wouldn’t read
C. haven’t read D. hadn’t read
48. The officer gave the order that soldiers _____ to go out at night.
A. not be allowed B. mustn’t be allowed
C. be not allowed D. shouldn’t allow
49. _____ he would have succeeded in the examinations.
A. If he has worked hard B. If he works hard
C. Had he worked hard D. Were he worked hard
50. He was taken away by the police. He _____ for a thief.
A. should have been mistaken B. must have been mistaken
C. could have been mistaken D. is mistaken
参考答案
1—5 BBBAD 6—10 DBCAA
11—15 DCDCC 16—20 AACAB
21—25 DDCBC 26—30 DCDDC
31—35 ADCDB 36—40 DBDCA
41—45 CCBAC 46—50 BDACB
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