人教新课标高二选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions单元复习课件（80张）

课件80张PPT。Unit 3
Inventors
and inventions知识清单1. _________ n. 专利证书；专利权
2. __________ n. 院子；庭院；天井
3. __________ n. 胡桃；胡桃木
4. ____________ vi. & vt. 显示……的差
别；使……有所不同；辨别
5. __________ n. 粉末；火药
6. __________ n. 香水；香味
7. ___________ adj. 便利的；方便的；patentcourtyardwalnutdistinguishpowderperfumeconvenient(一) 基本单词单词8. __________ n. （评判的）标准；尺度
9. ______ n. 文件；档案 vt. 提交；将……
归档
10. ______ adj. 熟的；成熟的
11. _________ n. 线；绳子；一串
12. ______ n. 胶；胶水 vt. 粘贴；粘合
13. _____________ n. 蔬菜水果店
14. __________ n. 电话薄；商行名录
15. ______ vt. 拨（电话）criterionfileripestringgluegreengrocerdirectorydial16. ________ n. 降雨
17. __________ n. 灯笼；提灯
18. ______ n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱
19. ___________ n. 额头
20. _______ n. 点；小圆点 vt. 以小圆点标
出；分散
21. ______ vt. & vi. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n. 轻
轻的敲击声
22. ______ n. 金属丝；电线
23. ________ n. 稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管rainfalllanternjamforeheaddottapwirestraw24. _________ n. (水或气) 流；电流
adj. 现在的；当前的
25. ____________ n. 直升机
26. ___________ n. 三角形；三角形物体
27. __________ vt. 联想；联系 n. 同伴；伙伴
28. _______________ n. 冰箱
29. _________ n. 法庭；法院；朝廷
30. ____________ n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸
31. __________ n. 人力资源；人事部；currenthelicoptertriangleassociaterefrigeratorcourtextensionpersonnel32. _____________ n. 期望；期待；预料
33. _________ vt. 抓住；捉住；夺
34. __________ adj. 有效的；确凿的
35. _________ adj. 精力充沛的，动态的，发
展变化的
36. _______ adj. 稳固的，稳定的，安定的expectationseizevaliddynamicstable37. ________ adj. 仁慈的→ _________ adj.
残忍的
38. _________ n. 产品 →____________
n. 生产
39. __________ adj.不锈的；没有污点的 → ________ n. 污点；污迹 → ________ adj.满是污痕的
40. ________ adj. 突然的，意外的→_________ adv. 突然地，意外地mercifulstainlessstainstainedproductproductionabruptabruptlymerciless(二) 派生单词41. ____________ n. 小心；谨慎→
____________ adj. 谨慎的
42. ___________ adj. 被动的；消极的→
__________ (反义词)主动的，积极的
43. __________ adj. 冰冻的；严寒的→
_________ vt. 结冰
44. ____________ n. 鉴定；辨认；身份证明→__________ vt. 确定；确定cautioncautiouspassiveactivefreezingfreezeidentificationidentify45. _________ adj. 无罪的；天真的→
__________ n. 清白
46. __________ vt. 忍受；负担→
____________ (过去分词)
47. __________ adj. 实践的，实际的→_____________ adj. 理论上的
48. __________ n. 能力；胜任→ ___________
adj. 能胜任的innocentinnocencebearbornecompetencecompetentpracticaltheoretical1. _______________决定；选定
2. _______________给某人打电话
3. _______________偶尔；有时
4. ___________________________
开始着手干……
5. ________________ 与此同时
6. _________________ 在预料中
7. _________迅速把手伸入，一心投入decide oncall sb. upnow and thenset about doing/ set out to doat the same timein the expectationdive into短语8. _________________ 和……有联系
9. ____________ 不挂断；稍等
10. ______________ 次序颠倒；发生故障
11. ____________ 设法联系上；(设法)做完；
通过
12. ____________ 回复电话
13. _____________ 挂断电话be associated withhang onout of orderget throughring backring off1. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
祈使句＋and＋将来时
“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋将来时”结构
相当于条件句，可以互换。句式2. The patent was given in 1876, but it was
not until five days later that Bell sent
his first telephone message to his
assistant Watson.
it was not until / till that…
直到……才……核心要点1. distinguish vi. & vt. 辨别；显示……的差
别；使……有所不同
[课文原句] Here was a chance for me to
distinguish myself by inventing merciful
that would catch snakes but not harm them.
这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某
种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓住，又不会伤害
它。单词 【归纳】
distinguish between... and...
区分/辨别……和……
distinguish... from...
使……有别于……的特征
distinguish oneself by
显扬自己；使自己扬名
distinguish oneself (as...)
(作为……)表现突出
【拓展】
distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的，杰出的
be distinguished for...因……而出名【运用】翻译下列句子。
语言是人类区别于动物的特征。
Speech distinguishes human beings from the animals.
他因为发明了计算机而出名。
He distinguished himself for inventing the computer.2. seize? v.
[课文原句] …, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.
……, 我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。【归纳】
①（突然）抓住。如：
The dog greedily seized the bone.
② 抓住机会。如：
Bob seized the opportunity to speak to his teacher alone.
③ 理解意思。如：
Mary was quick to seize the meaning of my words.
④ 夺取，攻占。如：
The soldiers seized the city after a hard fight.⑤ 没收。如：
The drugs found in the house were seized by the police.3. convenient adj. 方便的，附近的
[课文原句] They abruptly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.
他们行动还是太快了，突然一下就消失在附近的墙洞里了。
【归纳】
常用句式：
It is / was convenient for sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是方便的。如：
The house is very convenient for several
schools.【拓展】
convenience n. 方便，便利。常用结构：
at one’s convenience
在方便时，在适宜的地点；
for convenience为了方便，为了实用；
to one’s convenience 对某人方便（合适）4. bear? v.
[课文原句] I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue.
我受不了架子上烤香肠的味道。
【归纳】
① 忍受。常用结构：can’t bear sth., can’t bear doing sth., can’t bear to do sth.。
如：Mr. Black can’t bear to talk about his
son’s death, even to me.
② 承担（责任）。如：
You shouldn’t have to bear the blame for other people’s mistakes.③ 支撑，承受（重量）。如：
Be careful! The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
④ 显示，带有。如：
In front of the tomb I saw a stone bearing the date 1602.
⑤ 生育（孩子）。如：
Most animals bear their young in the spring.5. tap vt. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲
n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
[课文原句] This original telegraph sent a message over distances using Morse code (a series of dots tapped out along a wire in a particular order).
这种原始的电报是在一段距离中用莫尔斯电码传递信息（莫尔斯电码是通过电线发出的以特定的次序敲击出的一连串点划）。【归纳】
give a tap 轻轻一拍；轻敲
tap sb. on the...
轻轻地拍某人的某个部位1. call up 给……打电话；(使)回忆想
[课文原句] When I called up my mother in
the countryside on the telephone she was
very upset.
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到
很心烦。
【拓展】
ring/call back回复电话
ring off 挂断电话短语 give sb. a ring 给某人打电话
sb. be wanted on the phone 有某人的电话
hang/hold on 不挂断电话
call for 需要；要求；呼吁；(去) 接 (某
人)
call at (火车等)停靠；拜访某地
call on 要求；请求；拜访某人
call off 取消
call in 召来；来访【运用】翻译下列句子。
她打电话给一个朋友，只是要聊聊天。
She called up a friend just for a chat.
我8点钟来接你。
I’ll call for you at 8 o’clock.
比赛因天气恶劣被取消。
The game was called off because of the bad
weather.2. now and then 偶尔；有时
[课文原句] Snakes come near the house now and then, and they seem to have made their home here, or not far from the walnut tree.
蛇时不时地爬到屋子边上来，似乎是在屋子附近离胡桃木不远的地方安家了。
【拓展】
at times 有时
once in a while 偶尔
now and again 时而
from time to time 有时3. set about 开始，着手
[课文原句] I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.
我着手研究蛇的习性，以使能找到最容易的方法抓住它们。
【归纳】
后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。如：
You must set about your work at once.
We need to set about finding a solution.【拓展】
set apart 使分离，使分开
set aside 为……节省或保留（钱或时
间），将……放在一边
set down 记下，放下，登记
set out (to do) 出发，开始，着手
set off 动身，出发，使爆炸
set up 创办，建立，创建Armed with the information you have
gathered, you can _____ preparing your
business plan.
A. set out ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. set about
C. set off ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. set up[即景活用]① He tries to set ________ a few days each
month to stay with his old parents.
他每月都尽量抽出几天来陪伴年迈的父母。
② If you want to catch that train, we'd better
set ________ for the station immediately.
你要是想赶上那班火车，咱们最好马上动身
去火车站。asideout③ They succeeded in what they set ________
to do.
他们打算做的事已经做成了。
④ They set ________ much beautiful
fireworks.
他们燃放了许多漂亮的焰火。
⑤ I set ________ what my teacher said
yesterday.
我把昨天老师说的话都记下了。outoffdown[真题呈现](2012·浙江卷，15) Armed with the information you have gathered, you can ________ preparing your business plan.
A. set out B. set about
C. set off D. set upB4. get through 接通(电话)；通过(考试)；
用完；成功
[课文原句] I can’t get through.
【拓展】
get (sth.) across to sb. 使某事传播或为人
所理解
get ahead of sb. 领先某人
get back to sth. 回到某事物上
get sb. down 使某人情绪低落
get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事get in 到达；收获；进入
get in touch with 和……联系
get rid of 摆脱，除掉，处理掉
get over 痊愈，克服
get along 相处，进展 如：
I’ll get through this work by noon.
我会在中午以前完成这项工作。
I rang you but couldn’t get through.
我给你打电话，但没有打通。
How can I get it across to you how important this is?
我怎么做才能让你们这些人理解这件事的重要性？观察句子，写出黑体部分的含义
① (2011·安徽高考) I managed to get through
the game and the pain was worth it in the
end. (　　　 )
② I’ve got through the driving test recently.
(　　　 )
③ I tried ringing you several times yesterday
but I couldn’t get through (to you). (　　　 )
④ As soon as I get through with my work I’ll
join you. (　　　)
⑤ We thought he could not get through the
winter. (　　　)设法做完通过打通电话做完度过1. Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
“祈使句＋and＋将来时”结构。
“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋将来时”结构
相当于条件句，可以互换。句式① Use your head, and you will find a way.
动动脑筋，你就会想出办法的。
＝If you use your head, you will find a way.
② Study hard, or/otherwise you’ll fail in your
exams.
认真学习，否则你会考试不及格。
＝If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in your exams.
如果你不认真学习，你考试会不及格的。[方法规律] 本句句式结构为：祈使句＋and＋陈述句。
“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型的三种变化形式：
(1) “祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”
(2) “名词词组＋and＋陈述句”(名词词组中通
常含有more, another, further, earlier等词)
(3) “祈使句＋or＋陈述句”or表示“否则、要不
然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，
从反面来预测结果。
① Try some of this juice—perhaps you’ll like it.② It is really very dangerous. One more step,
and the baby will fall into the well.
③ One more hour and I can finish the work[真题呈现]
① (2011·辽宁，31) Bring the flowers into a
warm room ______ they’ll soon open.
A. or B. and C. but D. forB[真题呈现](2013·四川，4) Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or B. and C. but D. soB2. The patent was given in 1876, but it was
not until five days later that Bell sent
his first telephone message to his
assistant Watson.
not until/ till 直到……才
主句常用终止性动词（即非延续性），表示until /till所表示的时间一到，该动作就发生。如：He didn’t go to bed until/ till eleven last night.
昨天夜里他直到十一点才上床睡觉。
She didn’t know me until / till last week.
她直到上一周才认识我。
注意：not until放在句首时要用倒装语序，如上面第三个例句可以改为放在句首的倒装句：Not until the war was over was Einstein able to return to his homeland.考点一：过去分词作定语
1. Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _____ to guard her. (2014浙江)
A. to appoint????? B. appointing???????????????
C. appointed??????? ?? D. having appointed
设空处作后置定语，appoint与nurse之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。语法过去分词点拨（一）2. The airport _____ next year will help promote tourism in this area.? (2013四川)
A. being completed????? ???
B. to be completed
C. completed ? ? ? ? ?
D. having been completed
作后置定语，complete与airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，由时间状语next year可知，complete表示的动作尚未发生。考点二：过去分词作表语
In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _____ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.? (2010福建)
A. sticking ? ? ? B. stuck ? ? ?
C. to be stuck ? ? ? D. to have stuck
stick与holidaymakers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示状态。 remain +过去分词表某种状态；remain+ to be done表某事留待去做。考点三：过去分词作宾语补足语
1. Back from his two-year medical service in
Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his
mother _____ good care of at home. (陕西2015)
A. taking??? B. taken??? C. take?? D. be taken
设空处作宾语补足语，补充说明his mother的
状态，因take good care of与mother之间是逻辑
上的动宾关系，故填taken。 2. Claire had her luggage _____ an hour before her plane left.?? ? (陕西2011)
A. check???????? B. checking????
C. to check???? D. checked
作宾语补足语，check与luggage之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 3. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _____ of his own dreams.? ? (重庆2011)
A. reminding? ????? B. to remind? ??????
C. reminded??? ??? D. remind
作宾语补足语，remind与himself之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。【综合练习】用括号内动词的正确形式（包括动词-ing形式、过去分词及不定式）完成下面短文。
?????? The Golden Gate Bridge, 1. ________ (build) between 1933 and 1937, spans (横跨) the entrance to San Francisco Bay. This spectacular landmark, mainly 2. ________ (design) by Charles Ellis, measures 1.7 miles (2.7 km) long. It is 3. ________ (know) as a symbol of San Francisco. The bridge, 4. ________ (attract) tourists from around the world, is visited by about 9 million people yearly.builtknowndesignedattractingThe designers had the Golden Gate Bridge 5. ________ (paint) in a bright red-orange colour called “International Orange”. The bright colour can be seen even in dense fog.
?????? The observation area, 6. ________ (locate) at the northern end of the bridge, offers an 7. ________ (amaze) view of San Francisco, Alcatraz, the East Bay, Angel Island and the Pacific Ocean. paintedlocatedamazingThe ferry boats, still 8. ________ (use) today, used to be the only way 9. ________ (cross) the opening of the bay in the early 1900s. Now, the Golden Gate Bridge connects Marin on the north to San Francisco on the south.
?????? Its design, unchanged since its opening, has proved to be strong enough to withstand storms, ocean currents and strong earthquakes.usedto cross假设你是李华，在网上看到一家外企招聘秘书的广告，你有意应聘。根据要求写一封求职信。注意：100词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 写作如何写求职信【写作指导】
求职信，属于应用文。一般包括以下内容：
1. 介绍信息来源：是英文求职信正文部分的开篇句，它可使求职信显得自然、顺畅。
2. 表明求职心意：介绍完信息来源，应向聘用方表明自己写信的目的。 3. 介绍个人情况并表明优势：求职信的目的在于让聘用方了解自己的经验、能力、成就、愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍是求职信的核心内容。应包含：出生日期、性别、教育程度、工作经验、特殊技能等。介绍情况时，应对自己申请这项工作的原因及自己的相关能力进行详细介绍。突出自己的长处，以便留下好印象，获得进一步面谈的机会。
4. 表示感谢并请求答复： 最后要在求职信末尾向聘用方对自己求职信的关注表示感谢，并希望尽快得到答复。【常用表达】
开头：
Learning from ... that you are looking for ..., I would like to apply for the post.
I learned from ... that your company wanted a(n) ...
I’m writing this letter to apply for ...
I would like to apply for the position advertised in ...主体：
I graduated from ...
I am majoring in ... / My major is ...
I am experienced in ...
I have gained some practical experience in ... as a(n) ...
I feel I am well qualified to ... for the following reasons.
I believe that both my education / experience ... are directly related to your requirements.结尾：
I would be grateful if you would consider my application / employing me ...
I hope to have the opportunity of an interview.
I look forward to / I would appreciate your call at ...?
Thank you for considering my application.
Please contact me at your earliest convenience.【参考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
Learning from the Internet that your company wanted a secretary, I would like to apply for the post.
I am Li Hua, a girl of 23 years old. I graduated from university a month ago. My major is English and I have a good command of both written and spoken English. Besides, I have good computer skills, which definitely is of great importance for a secretary. What’s more, I was the president of the Student Union at our university for three years, which helped improve my communication skills. In addition, I’m easygoing, patient and have the ability to settle some tough problems. Therefore, I believe I am the right person for this job.
I would be grateful if you would consider employing me.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua巩固练习I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. We were told when he was taken to hospital, his injuries were so severe that death would be ________ (mercy).
2. The schoolboys are more ________ (caution) not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.
3. You’ll find these meals quick and _________ (convenience) to prepare.merciful cautiousconvenient4. Considering the injuries he’s had, there can be little __________ (expect) of him winning the race.
5. We could hear a woman was singing _______ (merry) in the next room.
6. Doctors have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional __________ (competent).expectationmerrilycompetenceII. 用方框内合适单词并用其正确形式填空。
1. All you will need to make the box is a sheet of paper, a sharp knife and a tube of ______.
Is it worth trying to _____ this plate back together?
2. Letters of complaint are _____ under “problems” by the secretary.
Every ____ on the same disk must have a different name.associate, current, dot, file, glue, tapgluegluefiledfile3. The helicopters appeared as two black _____ on the horizon.
The countryside was ______ with small villages.
4. Their boat was swept out to sea by the strong _______.
The _______ situation is very different to that in the1980s.associate, current, dot, file, glue, tapdotsdottedcurrentcurrent5. Most people immediately ________ addictions with drugs, alcohol and cigarettes.
These gentlemen sitting in the meeting room are the company’s business ________.
6. She gave the lid a few gentle ______ to loosen it.
He turned as someone _______ him on the shoulder.associate, current, dot, file, glue, tapassociateassociatestapstappedIII. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. A: I’m really _________ (exhaust).
B: Yes, I’m fairly _____ (tire), too.
2. A: I felt really ___________ (embarrass)
because I kept forgetting people’s names.
B: How ____________ (embarrass)!
3. A: What was the most _________ (frustrate)
thing about it?
B: I got _________ (frustrate) when I forgot
the steps.
4. The children _______ (catch) in the rainstorm came home completely wet.exhaustedtiredembarrassedembarrassingfrustratingfrustratedcaught5. He sat at the lakeside, __________ (surround) by trees, thinking of his childhood.
6. Anyone ______ (take) a photograph in the museum will be fined.
7. Walking into the room, he was surprised to see Julia _______ (wait) at the table.
8. With all his work _____ (do), John went to the pub to relax.
9. Some people became _______ (trap) on their way to work by the rising flood water.surroundedtakingwaitingdone?trappedⅣ. 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容
（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whether a new invention deserves the protection of a patent 1. ________ (decide) by patent examiners at places like the European Patent Office (EPO). At the EPO each patent examiner specializes in a particular field according 2. ________ their background. For every application they receive, examiners have to read through 3. ________ huge range of databases in order to search for similar inventions. is decidedtoaThey receive applications from individuals, global industries and university 4. __________ (department). Patent examiners have to understand the technology behind patent applications and give valid reasons 5. ________ a patent has been refused in language inventors can understand, so having degrees in science and engineering 6. ________ (be) important. Senior examiners also have to deal with challenges to refusals and have to understand the arguments 7. ________ (make) by the challengers. departmentwhyis??made At the EPO, personnel have to learn about the European Patent Convention. In addition, because the EPO has three 8. ________ (office) languages — English, German and French, they have to learn these as well. The EPO's offices are in Munich in Germany and The Hague in the Netherlands. Examiners say that one of the 9. ________ (excite) things about their work there is getting to see new inventions 10. ________ they are put on the market.officialexcitingbefore