2017年高考二轮语法专题课件：形容词和副词

课件75张PPT。形容词和副词知识梳理1. 形容词作补语和状语
1) 形容词作主语补足语和宾语补足语时, 可以表示“现状, 状态”; 也可以表示某一动作的结果, 常用在表示“认为, 看待”等动词后, 如believe, prove, consider等。形容词和副词一、形容词2) 形容词作状语时, 可以看作是“being＋形容词”结构或when, if, because等从句的省略, 表示时间、方式、原因、伴随、让步、条件等, 也可以表示对主语进行解释, 说明主语是什么情况, 或进行强调, 其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。如:
Hungry and tired, he had to stop working.
Ripe(＝When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet. 2. 表语形容词
表语形容词是一般只用于系动词后作表语的形容词, 这类动词常见的有remain, stay, stand, keep, lie, grow, turn, get, become, run, come, seem, sound, appear, look, smell, taste, feel等。常见的表语形容词有:
1) 某些以a-开头的形容词: afraid “害怕的”;
alive “活着的”; alone “单独的”; ashamed
“羞愧的”; asleep “睡着的”; awake “醒着
的”等。① 这类形容词除afraid和ashamed可用very修饰外, 一般不用very修饰, 可用其他表程度的副词修饰, 如very much。常用搭配:
wide awake 完全清醒
sound/fast asleep 酣睡
quite alone 非常孤独 still alive 仍然活着　
much alike 非常相似
full/well/quite aware of
充分意识到; 对……非常清醒
② 表语形容词还可用作后置定语。如:
He is the most famous scientist alive in the world today. 2) 某些与健康状况有关的形容词: well “健康的”; fine “健康的”; poorly “不适; 不舒服”; unwell “不舒服的”; ill “有病的”; faint “头晕的”等。如:
I’m feeling well today.
He is ill today.3) 某些描述感觉或心情的形容词: glad “高兴的”; pleased “高兴的”; content “满意的”; sorry “难过的”; upset “难过的”等。如:
I am glad/pleased to hear that you are offered a good job.
4) 其他表语形容词: certain “确认的”; sure “确信的”; fond “喜欢的”; ready “准备好的”; unable “不能……的”等。如:
I’m certain/sure that he will succeed.3. 复合形容词
1) 副词词干＋分词, 如: hard-working 勤劳的
2) 名词词干＋过去分词, 如: man-made人造的
3) 名词词干＋现在分词, 如: time-consuming 耗时的
4) 名词词干＋形容词, 如: world-famous 世界闻名的
5) 数词词干＋名词, 如: five-star 五星级的
6) 数词词干＋名词-ed, 如: three-legged 三条腿的7) 数词词干＋名词＋形容词, 如: five-year-old 5岁的
8) 形容词词干＋过去分词, 如: ready-made 现成的
9) 形容词词干＋名词-ed, 如: kind-hearted 好心的
10) 形容词词干＋现在分词, 如:
ordinary-looking 相貌一般的
11) 形容词词干＋形容词, 如: red-hot 炽热的4.?形容词的位置
形容词作定语通常放在它所修饰的名词前面，但在下列情况下，形容词可以或必须后置：1) 形容词作定语修饰由some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时须后置。如：
Tell me something interesting.
Anyone intelligent can do it.2) 以-able和-ible结尾的形容词可置于前有形容词最高级或only等修饰词的名词之后。如：
Bruce is the best person available.
That is the only solution possible.3) 一些表语形容词通常置于所修饰的名词之后。如：
He speaks like a man afraid.
Tom is the happiest man alive.4) 形容词短语一般须后置，往往相当于定语从句。如：
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.5.?前置形容词的排列顺序
有多个形容词修饰名词时，它们的顺序大致为：描绘性形容词（短词在前，长词在后）→表特征的形容词（包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等，顺序也大致如此，但不固定）→表颜色的形容词→表类属的形容词（包括专有形容词和表材料质地的形容词）。如：
the beautiful little white Chinese bridge
a tall intelligent young British officer二、副词
1.?副词的分类
按词汇意义来分，副词可分为：
1）时间副词，如before,?early,?now。
2）地点副词，如everywhere,?there,?here。
3）方式副词，如quickly,?gladly,?coldly。
4）程度副词，如almost,?partly,?much。
5）频率副词，如always,?often。
6）疑问副词，如how,?why。7）连接副词，如why,?when,?where。
8）关系副词，如when,?where。
9）解说副词，如as,?namely。
10）否定副词，?如never,?not,?hardly。2. 派生副词
1) 最常用的后缀是-ly, 即“形容词＋后缀-ly”构成副词。
2) 还有加后缀-ward(s), -ways, -wise等构成副词。如: backwards, northwards, sideways, crossways, clockwise等。 3. 复合副词和短语副词
复合副词是指由两个词共同组成的副词。如anyhow, meantime, nowhere, somehow, therefore等。
短语副词是指用连词把副词连接起来的短语。如back and forth(前后), here and there(到处), now and then(不时)等。4.?副词的位置
1) 修饰形容词、副词、介词短语，以及从句、整句时，副词要放在它们的前面。只是副词enough要放在被修饰的形容词和副词后面。如：
The?line?is?not?long?enough.
He?doesn't?work?hard?enough.2) 频度副词一般放在系动词be之后，行为动词之前；如有情态动词或助动词，则放在这类动词之后。如：
He?is?always?late.
He?must?have?never?been?to?America.5.?词义有差别的同根副词
有些副词有两种不同的形式，一种与形容词同形，另一种由形容词加后缀-ly构成。二者有时区别不大，但在许多情况下二者是有区别的：前者多用在直接或具体的场合，后者多用在抽象的场合。如：come true 走近(具体而直接)
nearly ten o’clock 近10点钟(抽象)
jump high 跳得高(具体)
highly developed 高度发展的(抽象)一、形容词和副词比较等级的构成
1. 形容词的比较级和最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词, 一般在词尾加-er, -est来构成比较级和最高级。形容词和副词的比较等级注意:
有些形容词的比较级和最高级可采用在词尾加-er和-est的形式, 也可采用在单词前加more和most的形式, 这类形容词有clear, common, cruel, free, handsome, lively, often, pleasant, polite, pretty, quiet, secure, solid, stupid等。2. 副词的比较级和最高级
1) 大多数以-ly结尾的副词在其前加more和most来构成比较级和最高级。如：
quickly—more quickly—most quickly
carefully—more carefully—most carefully
2) 单音节词及少数双音节词在词尾加-er构成比较级, 加-est构成最高级。如：
hard—harder—hardest
fast—faster—fastest
early—earlier—earliest3. 几个特殊的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级二、形容词和副词原级的常见句型
1. as＋形容词/副词＋as 如:
He is as tall as his father.
He speaks English as fluently as an
Englishman.
注意:
在否定句或疑问句中可用so...as, 即not as/so...as。如:
He can’t run so/as fast as you.
It’s not as/so warm as yesterday. 2. “as＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋as”或“as＋many/much＋名词＋as”。如:
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can.
There are as many students in your class as in ours.三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的常见
句型
1. more＋原级/名词＋than＋原级/名词, 意为“与其说是……不如说是……”。如:
He is more diligent than clever.
2. “比较级＋and＋比较级”和“more and more＋多音节词原级”, 表示程度递增。这种结构后不可接than引导的从句。如:
Things are getting better and better.
She plays the piano more and more beautifully.注意:
from bad to worse/worse and worse 越来越糟
make matters worse/what was worse/worse
than all/worse than ever 更糟的是
如:
Things are getting from bad to worse/worse
and worse.
The car broke down when I was driving home from work, and to make matters worse it was pouring with rain.any other+单数名词
all (the) other+复数名词
anyone else
any of the other+复数名词
the rest of+复数名词或不可数名词比较级＋than＋3. 如果比较对象不能相互包容时, 句型有:4. “the＋比较级, the＋比较级”表示两种情况同时变化。这个句型中的第一句相当于状语从句, 不能用将来时态。如:
The more medicine I take, the worse I seem to feel.
5. “no＋比较级＋than...”意为“都不”, 是对两者的共同否定, 侧重前者; “not＋比较级＋than...”意为“不及”, 表示前者不如后者, 隐含对两者的肯定, 侧重后者。如:
He is no taller than I.
My handwriting is not better than yours.6. “the＋比较级＋of the two(＋名词)”, 表示“两者中较……的一个”。如:
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
7. the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范围
最高级表示在一定范围内某事物或某人在性质、高低或大小等方面程度最高或最低。“……之中最……”, 用于三者或三者以上的比较。同类范畴用of, 不同类用in。
He talks (the) least and does (the) most in his class.
He is the fastest runner of the three boys.8. not/never＋比较级 “最……不过”。
在比较级前加上否定意义的词, 表达最高级的含义。如:
His work couldn’t be worse.
He has never spent a more worrying day.9. “nothing/nobody...＋比较级＋than”意为“没有……更/最”。如:
Nothing is better than a hot drink on a cold winter day.四、形容词和副词的比较等级的修饰语
1. almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite, twice, three times, a third time等用于原级之前, 表示程度。如:
He is almost as tall as his brother.
This line is twice as long as that one.2. a bit, a little, rather, any, much/many, far, a great/good deal, a lot, still, even等用于比较级之前, 表示确定的程度。分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词短语通常放在比较级前, 也可由by引出而置于比较级之后。如:
It’s a little colder today than it was yesterday.
This shirt is much more expensive than that one.
He is two years older than me.
＝He is older than me by two years. 注意:
① 修饰可数名词的比较级不用much, 而用many, 如many more books; 修饰不可数名词的比较级用much, 如much more work, “更多的工作”; much more necessary, “更有必要”。
② 除quite better外, quite不可修饰比较级。3. by far, much, the first/second用于形容词的最高级前。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
This is by far the best.
This is much the most important.五、倍数表示法
★倍数+ as +原级+ as ...
★倍数+比较级+ than ...
★倍数+ the size / height / length / weight / ... of ...
如：The dining hall is three times as large as that one.
= The dining hall is three times larger than that one.
= The dining hall is three times the size of that one.六、比较级相关习语
1. more than
more than＋数词　 多于, 超过
more than＋名词　 不仅仅是
more than＋形容词　非常, 很
more than＋含有情态动词的从句
超过了……的范围
more A than B　
与其说……倒不如说……
2. no more than(＝only)　仅仅, 只有
3. not more than(＝at most)　不超过, 至多less than　不到……, 少于……
no less than(＝as much as)　多达, 不少于
not less than(＝at least)　至少
more or less(＝almost, nearly, about)　
基本上, 差不多; 或多或少
sooner or later　 迟早, 早晚, 总有一天
what‘s more　 而且, 此外
no sooner...than...　 一……就……考点归纳近几年高考对形容词、副词的考查以形容词、副词的词义辨析为主，其次是它们的搭配、比较等级以及表示衔接手段和表示频率、方式、程度等副词的用法。一、考查形容词、副词词义辨析
解这类题时, 首先要弄清楚各选项词义, 然后再去理解题意, 最后结合题意选出符合语境的选项。1. I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. (2015·安徽)
A. special B. superior
C. grateful D. attractiveC考查形容词。句意：我对所有的那些志愿者非常感激，因为有了他们的帮助使我原本糟糕的一天终以快乐而结束。A.特殊的；B.优秀的，比……好的；C.感激的；D.有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之意，故选C项。本题考査形容词辨析。首先，要理解四个词的意思，其次要结合句意。根据“they helped...”可知，“我”是在表达感激之情。二、考查形容词、副词的搭配
做这类题时, 要辨别清楚每个选项在词义和搭配上的细微差别。
It may not be a great suggestion. But before _____ is put forward, we'll make do with it. (2013新课标)
A. a good one B. a better one
C. the best one D. a best one三、考查形容词、副词的比较等级
1. 比较级与最高级
一般情况下，题干中没有明显的比较等级形式。做这类题时，首先看选项，如果选项中有比较等级，就挖掘题干的深层含义，判断其中是否需要使用比较等级的某种具体形式。Andy is content with the toy. It is ______ he has ever got. (2015·四川)
A. a better B. the better
C. a best D. the best
考查最高级和比较级。根据上一句话可知，安迪对这个玩具很满意，故选择D。句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他拥有的最好的一个(玩具)。D 四、考查表示衔接手段的副词
首先要理解前后两个分句或句子的意思，然后再选择相应的副词。
常见的表示衔接手段的副词: however,
otherwise, though, nevertheless, instead, besides, meanwhile, therefore, thus, yet, afterwards, eventually等。五、考查表示频率、方式、程度等的副词
要分清每个词的一般用法和特殊用法，而且要特别注意具体的语境。
1. 表示频率的副词，如occasionally,
sometimes, seldom, never, regularly, usually, rarely等。
2. 表示方式的副词, 如anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, angrily, happily, slowly等。
3. 表示程度的副词，如so, very, too, rather, fairly, pretty, enough, quite等。真题再现1. They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies. (2015·安徽)
A. legally B. sincerely
C. personally D. deliberately
考查副词。句意：他们把钱要么亲自要么通过他们的公司送到那些老人的家里。A.合法地；B.真诚地；C.亲自，当面地，个人而言；D.故意地。根据“or through their companies”可以判断空白处指的是“亲自”。故选C。C2. It was ______ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. (2015·福建)
A. careless B. considerate
C. patient D. generous
考查形容词。A不小心的；B体贴的；C有耐心的；D慷慨的。该句意思为：麦克真是体贴，他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们担心。故选B。B3. Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be ______. (2015·湖北)
A. accurate B. punctual
C. efficient D. reasonable
考查形容词。句意：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要准时的话，还是必须快点。A精确的；B守时的；C有效率的；D合理的。故选B。B4. I don’t think what he said is ______ to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point. (2015·湖北)
A. faithful B. parallel
C. relevant D. similar
考查形容词。句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的，忠诚的”；B项“与……平行”；C项“和……相关”；D项“和……相似”。be relevant to“和……相关”。C 5. The girl used to be shy, but is ______ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. (2015·湖北)
A. gradually B. usually
C. previously D. merely
考查副词。句意：那个女孩过去很害羞，但现在在团队合作中渐渐地积极起来，(比以前)更愿意表达自己的想法。A逐渐地；B通常；C以前；D仅仅。故选A。A 6. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ______ review of the case. (2015·江苏)
A. comprehensive B. complicated
C. conscious D. crucial
考查形容词。句意：警方决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A综合的，全面的；B复杂的；C有意识的；D至关重要的。故选A。A 7. Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was ______ alive. (2015·浙江)
A. steadily B. instantly
C. formerly D. permanently
考查副词。句意：就算我们很少了解食物来自于哪里，我们大多数人都明白，每一口放进我们嘴里的食物之前都是活着的。A稳定地， B立即地，C先前地，D永久地。C 在做题的时候，只需要理解最后一句话就可以了was ______ alive. 根据句意及常识不能得出答案，在吃入口中之前的都是活着的。8. Listening is thus an active, not a ______, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering. (2015·浙江)
A. considerate B. sensitive
C. reliable D. passive
考查形容词。句意：听是一种主动的，而不是被动的行为。它包含听、理解和记忆。A考虑周全的，B敏感的，C可靠的，D被动的。D 根据not可以知道前后是反义表达，所以选D。此题的关键是有一个not这是表示否定的，这表明跟前面的active是反义的关系，根据4个选项的意思不难得出答案是 D.被动的。1. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world ...（陕西2015短文改错)
better?→?best
2. I think we had (82) b_____ have another look about how we divide up the housework. (福建2015短文填词)
3. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is?_______?(clean) than ever. (2014新课标全国卷I第三部分)better cleaner 4. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it __________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ...
? (2015新课标全国卷I第三部分)
5. The river was so polluted that it?_______?(actual) caught fire and burned.
? (2014新课标全国卷I第三部分)
6. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!?(2014新课标全国卷I短文改错)regularlyactuallywonderfully?→?wonderful巩固练习I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. It is __________ (reason) to assume that he knew beforehand that this would happen.
2. Success doesn’t only depend on what you do. What you don’t do is _______ (equal) important.
3. Once people have seen that something actually works, they are much more _____ (like) to accept change.reasonableequallylikely4. I ______ (mere) suggested you should do it again. There's no need to get annoyed.
5. The river was so polluted that it _______ (actual) caught fire and burned.
6. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _______ (clean) than ever. merelyactuallycleanerII. 根据汉语提示补全句子 （每空一词）。
When I looked back on the early days of our schooling, I wondered how I had managed with _____ _____ ______ (那么少的钱).
2. The old woman had some ________ ______ ______ ______ (美丽的小红玫瑰花) in her garden. so little moneybeautiful littlered roses3. Whatever the circumstances, parents are supposed to know _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ (怎么做最好).
4. The wings of the model plane are _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ (……长度的两倍多) of its body.what to do forthe bestthan twice the lengthmoreIII. 阅读短文， 根据所给提示在空格内填入
适当单词， 要求意义准确， 拼写正确。
Australia is the largest island in the world. However, it is the 1. ________ (最小的) continent as well. Australia lies in the 2. s_______ hemisphere (半球). It lies southeast of Asia and is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean and the India Ocean.southernsmallest The climates in Australia vary 3. _______ (great). A small part of the northeast coast has a tropical climate with heavy rainfall and somewhat 4. h_______ temperatures. Some parts have 5. ________ (definite) dry and wet seasons. Large desert areas with very little rainfall occupy 6. ______ (center) and western Australia. Of course, there are other types of climates in other areas of the continent.centralgreatlyhot / highdefinitely Many people who hear the word Australia think about the 7. _______ (独有的) animals that can be found only in Australia. Kangaroos have large back legs and 8. ________ (power) tails. A koala is an animal that eats the leaves of certain types of trees. The duckbill (鸭嘴兽) is a 9. s_____________ creature that has hair and gives milk to its young like other mammals do, but it lays eggs!uniquepowerfulstrange / special